Spectral Extremal Graphs for the F3 Graph

Abstract

Let Fk be the (friendship) graph obtained from k triangles by sharing a common vertex. In 2024, Li, Lu, Peng [Discrete Mathematics 346(2023)] show that the unique n-vertex F2 -free spectral extremal graph is the balanced bipartite graph adding an edge in smaller part if n ≥7. Following their result, we show that the unique n-vertex F3-free spectral extremal graph is the balanced complete bipartite graph adding two disjoint K3 in the vertex part with smaller size if n > 360.

Share and Cite:

Yin, Y. (2026) Spectral Extremal Graphs for the F3 Graph. Applied Mathematics, 17, 281-296. doi: 10.4236/am.2026.175017.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

References

[1] Bondy, J.A. and Murty, U.S.R. (2008) Graph Theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 24. Springer.
[2] Erdos, P., Furedi, Z., Gould, R.J. and Gunderson, D.S. (1995) Extremal Graphs for Intersecting Triangles. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B, 64, 89-100.[CrossRef]
[3] Cioab, S., Feng, L., Tait, M. and Zhang, X. (2020) The Maximum Spectral Radius of Graphs without Friendship Subgraphs. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 27, Article No. P4.22.[CrossRef]
[4] Zhai, M., Liu, R. and Xue, J. (2022) A Unique Characterization of Spectral Extrema for Friendship Graphs. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 29, Article No. P3.32.[CrossRef]
[5] Li, Y., Lu, L. and Peng, Y. (2023) Spectral Extremal Graphs for the Bowtie. Discrete Mathematics, 346, Article ID: 113680.[CrossRef]
[6] Chen, Y., Li, S., Zhang, L. and Zhang, M. (2025) Spectral Extrema of F2-Free Graphs with Given Size Revisited. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 375, 294-307.[CrossRef]
[7] Yu, L., Li, Y. and Peng, Y. (2025) Spectral Extremal Graphs for Fan Graphs. Discrete Mathematics, 348, Article ID: 114391.[CrossRef]
[8] Gao, J. and Li, X. (2026) Spectral Radius of Graphs of Given Size with a Forbidden Fan Graph F6. Discrete Mathematics, 349, Article ID: 114695.[CrossRef]
[9] Li, S., Zhao, S. and Zou, L. (2025) Spectral Extrema of Graphs with Fixed Size: Forbidden a Fan Graph, a Friendship Graph, or a Theta Graph. Journal of Graph Theory, 110, 483-495.[CrossRef]
[10] Zhang, Y. and Wang, L. (2024) On the Spectral Radius of Graphs without a Gem. Discrete Mathematics, 347, Article ID: 114171.[CrossRef]
[11] Li, Y., Feng, L. and Peng, Y. (2025) A Spectral Erdos-Faudree-Rousseau Theorem. Journal of Graph Theory, 110, 408-425.[CrossRef]
[12] Hoffman, A.J. and Smith, J.H. (1975) Recent Advances in Graph Theory. Academic Praha.
[13] Csikvri, P. (2009) On a Conjecture of V. Nikiforov. Discrete Mathematics, 309, 4522-4526.[CrossRef]
[14] Chvtal, V. and Hanson, D. (1976) Degrees and Matchings. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B, 20, 128-138.[CrossRef]

Copyright © 2026 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.