A New Discourse on Philosophy—The Ninth Discussion on the Contradictions of Physics Using the Philosophy of the Cosmic Original ()
1. Literature Review
The philosophy of the cosmic origin is an ancient and sacred philosophical thought of humanity, and it is also the original philosophical contemplation of humanity, which is the foundation of human survival and existence. Where do the universe, matter, and humans come from? Where will they go? (Russell, 2017). These are the ultimate questions that humans ponder, which may seem like silly and unsolvable questions, yet they are the eternal topics of human ultimate exploration.
This philosophical thought has been systematically preserved by Taoist and Buddhist philosophies, partially preserved by ancient Greek philosophies; its practical methods have been adhered to and recorded by religions; and finally developed and verified by physics (Liu & Liu, 2020; Laozi, 2019; Shakyamuni, 2020).
The universe created humans and endowed them with the instructions and missions for survival and existence, which is a formidable task for human survival and existence (Liu, 2025d).
Human existence is a form of material existence. Matter comes from the transformation of immaterial energy, changing under the conditions and causes of information. Humans have created language, writing, and numbers, using language, writing, and numbers to think about and explore the meaning of human and material existence, which is an interesting, useful, and safe information for human existence and survival. The existence of humans and matter, immaterial existence, and information existence is a form of nature, which cannot be accurately expressed with words like “meaning,” and this is nature itself.
The universe has endowed humans with the ability to create language, writing, and numbers, allowing humans to explore the meaning of human existence, material existence, immaterial existence, information existence, and the existence of the universe. To the universe itself, there is no meaning to speak of, yet, for the sake of survival and existence, humans have created language, writing, numbers, and used these informational tools to discover information, create information, discover contradictions, create contradictions, and solve contradictions. Perhaps this is the meaning the universe has given to human existence by creating humans and endowing them with existence (Liu, 2025d).
The universe says: Humans, I created you and endowed you with the functions and talents of selfhood, appetite, and sexual desire. I also granted you the ability for dialectical thinking, enabling you to create language, writing, numbers, mathematics, coordinate systems, and scientific information tools. I bestowed upon you the capacity for dialectical discernment, hoping you could live better lives. However, how to live and how to survive require you to think, explore, and resolve on your own.
When humans create an item, they always write an operating manual to ensure its usefulness, effectiveness, and safety. Taoist philosophy calls this “acting for the sake of action 有为而为” (Laozi, 2019).
The universe created matter, created atoms and molecules, created plant cells, animal cells, and human cells (Liu, 2025d). It further created humans, everything is a combination of energy, is the information cause and effect of mechanics and time. Existence, conscious, has a soul, dual nature of yin and yang, without subjective consciousness, “acting without action 无为而为” created humans (Laozi, 2019).
The universe has no operating manual for the creation of humans, only endowing humans with the functions of sensation and perception, while also endowing humans with the functions of language and numbers, that is to say, whether for individual humans or human groups, the universe lets humans write their own operating manuals.
At the beginning of human existence, there was little difference between humans and ordinary animals. If the deity of the universe had not endowed human cells and humans with special informational functions, today’s humans would exist like other animals, and Earth would be a world of animals, devoid of the “artificial existences” created by humans (Liu & Liu, 2021a). There would be no philosophy, religion, or science created by humans today.
The universe has endowed human cells and humans with special informational functions, giving rise to human subjective consciousness and dialectical thinking, thereby establishing the informational tools of language, writing, and numbers through thought and practical labor.
Judging with perceptual logic (perceptual cognition), the original thoughts of the universe by our ancestors should have emerged before the advent of human language, writing, and numbers. Judging from the cosmic original information left by our ancestors, their clear and definite understanding of the cosmic principles of yin and yang and life, as well as their overall comprehension of the universe, suggests that they had already achieved a more accurate and clear understanding of the cosmic original knowledge through perceptual cognition and insight or other methods than what modern science has confirmed. However, without scientific validation, this information could be misjudged.
These clear perceptions and cognitions, through labor and practice, created language, writing, and numbers and were expressed through them. Since humans are material beings, their direct rational cognition is of the material, and thus they could only pass down their clear perceptions to posterity in the form of mythological narratives and societal descriptions, using material language, writing, and numbers, as that was all the information of the time allowed. This is how classics such as the “I Ching”, the “Bhagavad Gita,” the “Avesta,” “Works and Days. Theogony,” and the “Homeric Epics” were left behind.
In the East, there were no Socrates or Aristotle. The East has left behind the thoughts of the “I Ching,” and figures such as Fuxi, the Yellow Emperor, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Zhu Xi, and Wang Yangming… have continuously explored and studied the Taoist thoughts within the “I Ching,” practicing and leaving behind systematic practices and theories; Buddhist philosophy has provided timely supplements; Confucian philosophy has nurtured them with social practice and theory; modern scientific technologies such as physics, Marxist philosophy’s dialectical materialism, mineral processing, robotics, and systems science have refined and verified them.
However, without Aristotle’s philosophy of matter (first philosophy) and material science (second philosophy) (Thomson, 2019) there would be no such grand achievements in modern science and Western philosophy. The method of resolving contradictions by setting them aside was the philosophical contribution of Socrates and Aristotle.
Describing the original thoughts of the universe in materialistic language inevitably brings logical contradictions to human thought because humans do not believe in events of “something from nothing 无中生有” and causal logic. To eliminate this contradiction, Socrates suggested setting space and existence within it as divine matters to be discussed in theology. Aristotle paved the way for the great journey of material philosophy and material scientific thinking with the logical methods of first and second philosophy, also laying the foundation for the formation of a wide range of religions (Aristotle, 2019; Aristotle, 2016).
After the Common Era began, large-scale religious beliefs emerged in both the East and the West (Liu & Liu, 2020). Although the East did not have Aristotle, religions also emerged at this time, indicating that Socrates’ philosophical advice was a universal psychological and methodological approach to human thought.
Religion is a great creation of humanity, utilizing the divine traces bestowed by the cosmic deity and the “artistic nature” of humans to design their own “personified gods” as objects of faith. Religion has made indelible contributions to the transmission of human ancestors’ thoughts on the origin of the universe.
The cloak of “space and existence within it,” set aside by Aristotle’s philosophy, has been preserved by religion and has not been completely abandoned by humans, waiting for the conclusions of modern physics to be rewoven and redefined .
Material science and material philosophy have brought humanity to the pinnacle of thought. Scientists have reasons to oppose the existence of “personified gods,” but they have no right to attack religion (Liu & Liu, 2020). Dialectical materialism does not believe in personified gods but respects religion.
Although the scientific community has found the soul and mind of the universe and created physics and chemistry, it has not understood the philosophical principles of the cosmic origin left by our ancestors and is still influenced by material philosophy and the influence of “personified gods,” not comprehending what “true philosophy” is, and continues to create new contradictions that it cannot resolve. For example, the “theoretical contradictions” between quantum mechanics and relativity have muddled the most fundamental philosophical issue of “space and time,” and designing and verifying “space-time curvature” is creating “personified gods” on a larger scale in the name of science.
Material philosophy has made a great contribution to human thought, fulfilling its mission for a phase, and will continue with the philosophy of the cosmic origin to complete the contemplation of human survival and existence. The great achievements of physics and modern science have activated the cosmic original philosophical thoughts left by our ancestors before Aristotle, continuing the sacred cosmic original contemplation of our ancestors—true philosophy.
The foundation of the new philosophical theory includes: Taoist philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, ancient Greek philosophy, dialectical materialism, Western philosophy, mineral processing, physics, and systems science.
The basis of practice includes: records of Buddhist and Taoist practices; mineral processing practices; scientific experiments.
Research literature includes: books and papers by Samo Liu and other reference materials. This article discusses Aristotle’s “Physics” and “Metaphysics” in conjunction with modern physics, Inspire new philosophical thinking.
2. New Considerations on the Cosmic Origin and Humanity
Origin
The concept of material philosophy:
Refers to the logical thinking model created by Aristotle, which is based on human society and material substances, abandoning the origin of “space and existence within space” and regarding the universe as purely material. It represents the prevailing mode of thought in contemporary human society.
The Philosophical Concept of Cosmic Origin:
It refers to the mode of human thought prior to Aristotle, which posited that the “original existence 本原存在” of matter arises from “nothingness 无” and “void 空” and that all matter possesses sentient “spirituality.” This “spiritual essence of the mind” drives the motion and transformation of all things in the universe, ultimately returning to the original state of “void” and “nothingness.” Modern physics and science have elucidated the fundamental principles of this cosmic origin philosophy.
Inspired by computers, the author refers to the human mind as software installed by the universe. It is not yet clear what the karmic relationship between this software and the cosmic mind is. Once this relationship is understood, the issues of human life and death can be comprehended (Liu, 2025d).
The universe, within the solar nation of the Milky Way’s Earth village, has created human cells and human wisdom matter, confirming the existence of a unique wisdom matter—humanity—in this region of the universe.
The creation of human cells and humanity represents a temporary material balance phenomenon in a certain area of the universe, a phenomenon that is extremely rare in the vast material universe. “Rare” and “common” are terms created by humans to express the probability of existence in the universe. The universe has consciousness but no subjective consciousness and feelings, perhaps not knowing what it should do or has done, yet it creates matter and humans “acting without action 无为而为”.
Space, vast beyond the outermost, minute beyond the innermost 其大无外, 其小无内. Material space can be referred to as the three-dimensional universe; energy space can be referred to as the zero-dimensional universe; information space can temporarily be referred to as the zero-dimensional universe (Liu, 2025c). The forms of existence can serve as descriptions of space.
The material universe is extremely vast, and its vastness cannot be measured with light-years and parsecs. Light-years and parsecs are units of length that humans consider to be very large, and they can temporarily be used to measure the material existence of cosmic space.
Basic units of human daily measurement: meters, decimeters, centimeters, millimeters; quantum mechanics length unit: Planck length.
It is necessary to establish a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system with 0 as the origin. The three-dimensional coordinate system is a name given by humans; the actual form of existence is an from all directions, which Zhuangzi calls “Liu He 六合” (the six directions) (Liu, 2021a). If time is set as one dimension of the coordinate system, it is to describe “existence” as a living changing existence in time using mathematical form, which is Einstein’s “four-dimensional space-time,” and is also a true and scientific expression of the original thought of the universe (Liu, 2024i).
The time of the material universe is infinite. Time is a human-made unit of the endless process of existence, which can only be determined by human subjective consciousness. Therefore, to express the process of material existence, humans must establish a zero-point coordinate system for time (Liu, 2024g).
Planetary and stellar time units can use kalpas (Kalpa); human daily time units can use years, months, days, hours, minutes, and seconds; quantum mechanics time unit: Planck time (Liu, 2025c).
Time is a process concept and unit created by humans, which both humans and matter can perceive. Time is information, divine.
Therefore, it is impossible for humans to find other intelligent matter (aliens) in the same cosmic coordinate system within their own spatial and temporal coordinate systems, and the probability is extremely low. The “time and space” that humans explore in the infinite universe is very limited.
Designing different zero-point coordinate systems for time and space is a suitable scientific approach for studying the material universe and the cosmic origin in the new era. A way of thinking that combines the cosmic origin (information and energy) with the material universe, where the entire universe is a living universe, and both non-material and material exist as a collection of “time life” in “space and time.”
The zero point is the yin-yang existence of emptiness and divinity in infinite space and time, the existence of light. Basic existence can be called basic energy and intelligent energy (Liu & Liu, 2020).
Actual existence: infinitely large existence (outer space), middle existence (human existence), infinitely small existence (quantum mechanics); zero-dimensional existence.
Spatial length units and time units are the basic philosophical units that humans use to explore knowledge. Length units and time units are human designs for the distance and process of the three-dimensional universe; spatial units and time units are creative concepts for the phenomena of existence, and one should not arbitrarily design and imagine the “bending” of “space and time,” although designing and imagining material existence is possible.
The universe has endowed humans with a special informational function, and humans have used this function to discover that the universe is a collection of information, energy, and matter. Under the conditions of information, energy and matter, as well as between energies and between matters, are constantly undergoing changes aimed at thermal equilibrium (Liu, 2024i).
The individual life and death of humans and the overall existence are manifestations of change. The cosmic origin and the material world change each other, and humans are the representatives of change (Liu, 2025d).
Human cells and humans possess dual functions of perception and sensation. This combination forms the subjective consciousness of the human body, which is a unique form of information.
All existences have consciousness and information, all have perception, and are an integrated existence; human subjective consciousness forms knowledge in perception and sensation, and the information of existence influences and determines human subjective consciousness.
2.1. New Considerations on the Original Nature of Humanity
The universe has created humanity, and humanity truly exists, expressing the knowledge and information of the universe through the informational tools of language, writing, and numbers. Without the inspiration of quantum mechanics, relativity, and physics, it would be impossible to understand the philosophical principles of the universe’s original nature left by our ancestors, which state that matter “来自于空, 归之于空 (not translated)”. If humans had not created robots, they would not understand what the original nature of humanity truly is.
Humanity is a kind of intelligent matter, also known as informational matter. Humans use language, writing, and numbers to express information and knowledge, create information and knowledge, and explore information and knowledge.
2.2. Human Informational Functions: Language, Writing, Numbers,
Mathematics, Science, and Coordinate Systems
Humans have created robots and designed software for them. This software-inspired thinking is that the soul or mind of a robot is bestowed by its creator. Humanity is created by the universe, so the human mind is undoubtedly endowed by the universe. The original nature thoughts of humanity in the “Heart Sutra” and “Huangdi Neijing,” as well as Wang Yangming’s philosophy of the mind, can thus be understood (Liu, 2025d).
What programs the software is designed with, the robot will execute the instructions within those programs. Of course, the robot itself must have the corresponding organizational structure artificial.
2.2.1. Formal Cause (形式因), Final Cause (目的因), Efficient Cause (动力因),
Material Cause (质料因)
The universe created human cells and the human body, presumably using some “formal cause” to first assemble human cells, and then using some “formal cause” to combine them into the human body structure. It also endowed this structure with a special “informational cause”—the “mind software” of humans.
The “formal cause” is a divine “cause” related to space within the universe. Physics—gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak forces—explains the dynamics, changes, and motion of matter, which are the “efficient causes”; thermodynamics explains the purpose of cosmic equilibrium, which is the “final cause”; energy and quantum mechanics explain the “material causes” of matter; the “formal cause” is an important piece of information that modern science lacks.
Although quantum mechanics and chemistry have explained the theoretical formation of atomic structures, and chemistry has created the theory of “chemical bonding” forces for molecules. However, it is still insufficient to explain the “formal cause” of matter. The “formal cause” is related to the sacred space and is also closely related to the “efficient cause,” “final cause,” and “material cause.” The “formal cause” forms the shape of existence, whether material or immaterial.
Humans have recognized the three-dimensional form of matter and created the concept of “three-dimensional space” with language, writing, and numbers, which is useful for scientific research. However, they have made a serious mistake in the history of human philosophical thinking by considering space as three-dimensional, or even multidimensional, fundamentally influenced by material philosophical thinking, considering the universe as purely material.
Humans have discovered energy and widely applied it, yet they do not know the form of energy. Based on Taoist and Buddhist philosophical theories of the cosmic origin, it is judged that the form of energy is a non-material zero-dimensional existence, (Liu, 2021a; 2021b; 2021c) which can be referred to as the zero-dimensional space non-material or Newton’s absolute space (Liu, 2025c).
Humans have discovered information and created robots, yet they do not know the form of information. Information is neither matter nor energy. Therefore, it is temporarily judged to be of zero-dimensional form, awaiting further research by future generations into the existence in space, the deeper the research into the existence in space, the more accurate the expression of its spatial form, and it is currently impossible to accurately judge the form of “information.” The term “three-dimensional space” has taught humans a profound lesson.
All existences have structure, which originates from the high-end information of “formal cause” in space, forming structure that then produces information, emits information, receives information, perceives information. Humans, based on the information they have grasped, use language, writing, and numbers to describe the form or spatial state of “existence,” such as three-dimensional space, zero-dimensional space, etc.
It is thus judged that the “formal cause” and the mutual motion and change between existence are related to the conditions of karma, and rational logical judgment suggests that this relationship determines the direction of motion and change of the “material cause” and “efficient cause” towards the “final cause.”
The cosmic origin is a balanced universe, and when the cosmic origin is unbalanced, it produces contradictions, creating existence in the contradictions. Existence, in the motion and change of contradictions, creates the material universe and moves towards a new balance, and once the new balance is broken, new imbalances and contradictions will emerge. The universe has always been living in an infinite cycle of creating contradictions and resolving them, without beginning or end.
However, it also has a beginning and an end.
Any existence, from the formation of its structure—the “formal cause” begins, to the destruction of the structure ends. The process experienced by this “existence” is named time by humans. Any existence has a wonderful perception of the cause of the process of existence—time (Liu, 2025d).
The universe is a living universe, moving towards balance in the process of creating and resolving contradictions; it is conscious, yet lacks subjective consciousness, acting without deliberate action.
Thus, the “Tao Te Ching” reminds humanity: Humans are creations of the universe with subjective consciousness, characterized by “deliberate action 有为而为”, and must learn from the universe the spirit of “action without action 无为而为”. They should utilize their innate abilities to perceive contradictions, create contradictions, and resolve them to move towards balance. This is the natural mission of human existence, or what can be called the “meaning of existence” (Liu & Liu, 2021d).
Aristotle created the philosophical logical analysis method of “formal cause,” “efficient cause,” “final cause,” and “material cause.” This is a scientific logic that can serve as a template for basic logical thinking about “cause and effect” relationships (Aristotle, 2019; Aristotle, 2016).
The “material cause” is the foundation of existence, the substance and outcome of existence, always changing and moving, which can be referred to as the “element” or “basic energy” (Liu & Liu, 2020). Dark matter, dark energy, particles, quarks, atoms, molecules, cells, plant cells, animal cells, human cells, etc., all fall into this category. Once existence comes into being, it is alive until its structure is destroyed, and the departure and return of this structure’s “formal cause” is what humans call “death”.
The “final cause” is the purpose or directionality of existence. Individuals and groups have their own purposes and plans for survival and existence, directing their thoughts and actions towards directional goals, which are determined by human subjective consciousness.
The natural “final cause” of the universe is a directional balance of contradictions and should belong to the category of thermodynamics, with perception and consciousness but without subjective consciousness.
The “efficient cause” is the balanced perception of aggregation and dispersion of existence, marking the fundamental force of the creation, movement, and change of all existences, the mutual perception between existences, such as gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak forces. This perception of existence should be influenced by both the final cause and the formal cause.
The “formal cause” is the divine “cause” of existence, determining the structure and form of existence. The “pre-formal cause” allows the structure and form of existence to take shape, and then it becomes the “post-formal cause,” forming new forms and structures. The living movement and change of “existence” are the movements and changes of the “formal cause,” representing the external expression of existence in space and also the core mind and soul of existence. It is the mind of the universe, the sanctity of space.
The “final cause,” “efficient cause,” and “formal cause” can be referred to as the “causes” or “intelligent energy.” They are the angels of the god of the universe; these angels are not beautiful children but are formless and featureless divine beings.
2.2.2. Structure and System
Using the knowledge and information available to humans, it can be judged that the universe is a complete system, without matter, the universe is the cosmic origin, a system and structure of emptiness and divinity. The universe gave birth to matter, emptiness and divinity remain the original nature, and combined with matter to form a whole, “acting without action 无为而为” to direct the motion and change of matter, still a whole system and structure.
At present, it has been found that matter occupies about 4.9% (E1 = E2 = E3) of space, which is changing; about 95.1% (E4) is the existence of non-material emptiness and divinity, also changing, the trend of change is not clear, thermodynamic information indicates that it is developing towards equilibrium.
Humans have currently only discovered the material universe and the original nature, and there are no signs of other forms of the universe and structures.
Using knowledge and information to judge, space and the existence in space are dualistic, a kind of living existence. This dualism is not a simple relationship of yin and yang, but a complex cycle of contradiction and unity (Liu, 2025c, 2025d).
So, how is space formed? How is the empty and divine existence in space formed? It is unknown. From the current human information, humans can only judge and recognize themselves first, and then recognize matter, and the original nature of matter. Humans can only recognize and explore the relationship between space, the existence of emptiness, the existence of divinity, matter, and the mutual relationship between them for the time being.
Space is empty, it is the stage for all material and non-material existence (Liu, 2021c).
The planets and star systems of the universe have structure and system, with their own existence systems and mechanisms. Similarly, dark matter, dark energy; particles and quarks; atoms and molecules; plant cells; animal cells; human cells are the same.
Human society and individuals also have structure and system. This is an “extremely special” structure and system in the universe, with complex and special systems and mechanisms.
The reason for using the term “extremely complex” is that human body cells have a special information function compared to ordinary matter or other existence, that is, the function of sensation. “Perception” and “feeling” are terms created by humans for their own collection of information.
Perception is the interaction force between existences in the universe, equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Feeling is a kind of perception that directly contacts, it is real but it is also a vague one, once expressed in language, writing, and numbers, it cannot be accurately expressed. Therefore, feeling can enlarge or reduce the phenomena of nature and human society, there will be information errors, the error is very large or even opposite, this is something that humans should pay special attention to (Liu, 2025c).
Physics is skeptical about action at a distance, which is influenced by material philosophy, the true meaning of the cosmic origin is perception and action at a distance (Liu & Liu, 2021a).
However, feeling is a great information function of humans, this function is the fundamental reason why artificially created robots can never surpass humans. If humans do not realize the advantages and disadvantages of this function, it will also bring trouble to the survival and existence of humans themselves, the double-edged sword of science is caused by human feelings.
2.2.3. Space and Time
Space, the matrix and stage of all existence.
Humans perform various performances in this great matrix and stage. Humans know from their feelings that they come from their parents’ bodies. Modern science and perception tell us that all humans are born from space and the existence in space, and are nurtured by them, the real parents are space and the existence in space.
Humans are material, the information and knowledge they receive comes from matter. Therefore, they think space is material, expressed as three-dimensional space. Modern physics and the philosophy of the cosmic origin have raised human knowledge and information to the recognition of non-material existence, without the dimension of matter, therefore, it is also considered that space is of zero dimension. However, it is not known what kind of form information is, let alone what other forms of existence there are in space. Therefore, it is unknown how to accurately express space.
Socrates, in order to respect you, suggested that humans give up the study of space and focus on the study of the material universe and human society, which is the story of humans bringing philosophical thinking from the sky back to the world, and Aristotle completed this task. Humans have made rapid progress in the study of the material universe and human society, until relativity and quantum mechanics, which have increased human information and knowledge about the existence in space, and have given humans the opportunity to recognize and think about you again.
Time, the representation of the process of all existence.
Humans have named the natural phenomena in the natural world as the process of existence with their own wisdom, creating the concept of time units, which have been given the significance of “living”, “existing”, and “du 度” by humans in the process of existence.
Humans only know that humans are “living”, which is a kind of naming for the feeling of living. “Perception” is also a kind of naming for “living”, “living” refers to the changes and movements of all existences in space, which is the destiny of nature. Therefore, humans can live twice.
Humans have created the concept of time units, but they do not know the origin of time at all? What does it mean?
The creation of this concept is knowledge in an extremely small range on Earth—in the universe, it is also a very small process of existence.
Even without humans, without human language, writing, and numbers,, planets and star systems, stones; dark matter, dark energy, particles, quarks, atoms, and molecules; plant cells, animal cells, and human cells, all existences know when they should be born, when to grow, when to decline, and when to perish, because this is the nature and divinity that all existences in the universe and space have.
If the process of existence is called “time”, then the origin of time is the divinity perceived by all existences.
Modern science’s definition of “second” has gradually brought human cognition of time closer to the origin.
Humans, in the name of science, engage in the warping design of space and time, which represents a form of extreme ignorance beneath the facade of extreme scientific wisdom. This ignorant contradiction compels us to study and explore space and time with seriousness and a devout attitude.
Our ancestors have left us a valuable legacy of the original thoughts of the universe, systematically recorded in Taoist and Buddhist philosophies, encompassing both theory and practice. We need to discern this with scientific information to make judgments, thus forming new philosophical contemplations for a new era of humanity.
After more than 2000 years of unremitting efforts, human thought once again stands before the vastness of space and the existence within it.
2.2.4. Information and Perception
The universe possesses information and perception, or rather, the existence within space has information and perception, a combination of energy seas and information seas, a union of basic energy and intelligent energy.
Judging with the existing knowledge and logical information of humans, the structure of existence generates “information,” which is produced by the “formal cause” of the universe, related to space, and can be referred to as the “cause of structure.” It can produce, emit, receive, judge, and perceive information.
Judging with the logic of perception, the origin of matter comes from energy and returns to energy; the origin of energy comes from information and returns to information. From the current available information, we can rationally determine this cosmic cause-and-effect logic and temporarily stop here.
Matter, energy, and information are existences within the universe. Once they exist, the information of matter and the information of energy are integrated conditions, existing in their respective “forms”; matter and energy are two forms of structure within the same category, and the information of each form ends with the disappearance of its own “form” and “structure,” with the “information content” returning to space.
Therefore, particles and quarks, atoms and molecules, plant cells, animal cells, and human cells, as well as humans and all things formed thereby, all belong to this logical category of cause-and-effect relationships.
Thermodynamics is the expression of balanced information in the material universe, signifying that energy and matter are in motion and change.
Gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak forces signify the fundamental dynamic information of the movement and change of energy and matter. These “forces” are not a matter of precedence; there is no “first force” in the universe, no “kick from God.” If there is a deity, it would be the “information cause” of the cosmic god and the god of space. Moreover, these dynamic informations and thermodynamic informations are still controlling the direction and process of motion and change, which humans have named as units of time.
The “form” and “structure” of matter and energy signify the existence of a fundamental information, which is the “original cause” of the god of space, and can be referred to as the mind or soul. Human “life” and “death” are representatives of this phenomenon, and the origin of this phenomenon is the true meaning of the existence of matter and energy.
The universe created matter, thus creating the position of matter’s existence. Combined with the time units created by humans, the concept of “velocity” in the material universe’s change and motion has emerged, which is an extremely important concept in “material physics.”
If there is no matter in the universe, it is impossible to determine the zero reference coordinate system of space. At the same time, if this existence cannot establish a zero pole coordinate system of time, the concept of “velocity” will not arise. Therefore, discussing existence with the concepts of “light speed” and “fasterthan-light speed” would violate the basic rules of philosophical logic.
Quantum mechanics transcends the category of “material physics” and enters the category of Aristotle’s “Metaphysics,” perfectly supplementing the information beyond physics in “Metaphysics.”
To be precise, quantum mechanics belongs to the category of “energy physics” and “information physics.” Therefore, material philosophy can no longer satisfy the thinking of physics. A new way of thinking that combines the philosophy of the cosmic origin and material philosophy is needed. We must rethink space and time with the forms of existence of energy and information. Thus, We once again call for the vindication of quantum mechanics. There is no scientific information that can question quantum mechanics, Einstein’s skeptical view is a material philosophical view, and the evidence for skepticism is insufficient.
Judging with the original thoughts of the universe and the mainstream information of physics: “energy physics” is the thermodynamics of the cosmic origin. We do not have enough information to determine why the universe generates thermal energy during the process of yin and yang, but the essence of all changes and motions in the material universe is the manifestation of thermodynamics. Thermal force is the “original force” that creates the material universe.
The current information is not sufficient to support our judgment on the existence of the “Absolute zero” state of “wu ji 无极” in space. The existing information of humans is not enough to support our understanding of the information of the cosmic mind. The human mind and the cosmic mind are of the same origin and are one entity. As long as humans exist, they will continue to learn and explore. It is believed that future generations of humans will complete this task.
2.2.5. Human Informational Structure and System
Humans are composed of individuals, groups, and the whole, forming a complete human system. Thankful to the universe, the development of humanity and human society has made it clear to humans that they are a species, a whole, with a common destiny.
Judging from the logic of perception, the dinosaurs, the previous rulers of Earth, may not have understood this point until their own destruction, despite their long existence.
But what can humans do after understanding this? Humans are intelligent beings and quickly grasped the principles of nuclear fusion and fission in the material universe. Before understanding what energy and information are, they mastered the principles of the mutual transformation of matter and energy, the original principles of the universe, creating nuclear weapons and robots, and thus creating the causes and factors for self-destruction.
The universe is inherently a living universe of yin and yang contradictions, creating and manufacturing contradictions. However, the universe has a natural tendency to balance contradictions, eventually moving towards equilibrium, and cycling between contradiction and balance.
Yet, the universe has created human cells and humans that can feel. This “feeling” can amplify contradictions in the universe or reduce them. This is because the universe has endowed humans with an innate subjective consciousness.
Humans live in contradictions, spending their lives discovering and resolving them. Generation after generation, they have “passed” in this way.
Humans also deliberately or inadvertently create contradictions, which is how “theoretical contradictions” in modern physics occur. The universe has endowed humans with wisdom, and humans must use this wisdom to resolve contradictions among themselves, between humans and nature, between humans and existence, including contradictions within their own bodies. They must continuously learn knowledge and information, expand their knowledge and information, and constantly seek methods to resolve contradictions.
Subjective consciousness is a kind of existence that acts with purpose. The universe has endowed humans with “material wisdom,” and it requires humans to use wisdom beyond “material wisdom,” or wisdom that transcends the action and reaction forces. In Buddhist philosophy, it is called “prajñā,” and in Taoist philosophy, it is called “balance,” to resolve contradictions.
Humans must recognize that the system composed of the structural organization of human cells and the group structure of human society is more complex than the complexity of the natural universe, an extremely complex informational structure system.
The rise and fall of this extremely complex informational structure, the length of its existence, will ultimately depend on the informational structure of the system itself; the universe has no answer.
2.2.6. Miracles of Humanity
What are “miracles 神迹”? Generally, we understand “miracles” as unsolved mysteries that science has not yet provided accurate answers for; in philosophy, they fall into the category of metaphysics; in religion, they are classified under theology.
Faced with the great universe and nature, the knowledge and information that humans possess are far from sufficient. There are many puzzles that science cannot explain, which humans regard as theology and metaphysics. This is an interesting topic for humans, but it is not discussed in this text.
Here, we will only briefly discuss some of the miracles that exist in the human body, as well as Precautions.
The so-called human body miracles refer to certain individuals who have extraordinary phenomena in vision, hearing, perception, consciousness, and behavior, surpassing those of ordinary people. This is an objective existence of humans.
Some individuals or children are born with these abilities and, under the education and influence of the material world, become normal “material people”; some people develop these abilities through later meditation training.
The author experienced these phenomena at a young age. As a scientific researcher and staunch materialist, I found these phenomena to contradict scientific principles. Most importantly, when these phenomena occurred, human subjective consciousness could not control them, and they even affected daily life and work. Therefore, certain methods were employed to eliminate these phenomena. This matter will not be discussed or exchanged here.
Research has found that the probability of these phenomena occurring in humans is higher during childhood; they are more likely to occur in remote rural areas than in cities; and more phenomena occurred in ancient times than in modern times. These are phenomena that material philosophy and material science cannot temporarily explain, and we look forward to the development of the philosophy of the cosmic origin. Many Taoist and Buddhist classics record such phenomena, which are easily deified.
These phenomena are not metaphysics or strange things. To some extent, traditional Chinese medicine and Qigong have demonstrated the universality of these phenomena.
The current scientific achievements of humanity are mainly the progress of material philosophy and material science. Quantum mechanics and relativity have discovered the original non-material connections to the philosophy of the cosmic origin. The development of the philosophy of the cosmic origin or energy science and information science is still needed, and this will take some time. Precautions are:
On one hand, if you find that you have such miracles, you should clearly realize that you are a human, not a god. It is just an accidental situation that gives you an ability that may surpass ordinary people. You are still a human with desires, sexual desires, and self, and you will still Birth, aging, sickness, and death 生老病死. The universe created humans, endowing them with the nature of self, desire, and sexual desire, becoming material humans, which is relatively simple, to reproduce and thrive; the universe also endowed humans with a spiritual nature, which is more complex, giving humans divinity and demonism, and the extreme manifestations of divinity and demonism are miracles.
If you have such miracles, do not use them to excessively pursue material desires such as self and desire, as it may affect your life and even health.
In a society where material philosophy thinking is the mainstream, if you reveal these miracles, you will be regarded as a monster by society or others. In an environment where material philosophy is popular, these phenomena can disrupt the ideological thinking of normal people, causing unnecessary ideological confusion, and to some extent, they can also be harmful to oneself. Therefore, do not publicize for the time being, as excessive publicity will create myths.
The human mind is a kind of thought software that will be influenced by popular information to become a thought inertia and program. Therefore, ideological theory is the key to forming a certain program in the human mind software.
These phenomena belong to the category of the philosophy of the cosmic origin and require the further development of information science and energy science research, which requires the integration of material philosophy and the philosophy of the cosmic origin.
On the other hand, as ordinary people, there is no need to be confused by these phenomena, nor is it necessary to reject and curse them. Believe and it exists, do not believe and it does not exist, wait for the further development of energy science and information science, believe in science, and wait for the moment when the philosophy of the cosmic origin is accepted and recognized by humans, which may be the moment when human miracles erupt.
At present, humans do not need too many miracles to appear because humans have created many miracles with material philosophy and material science. Robots, nuclear weapons, human cell DNA research, airplanes, artillery, ships, cars, machine guns, bombs, none of which were imaginable miracles for humans a thousand years ago, and these miracles, popular today, have brought serious threats to human survival and existence.
In a universe and society full of contradictions, humans are still creating and expanding contradictions. When confrontational thinking entangles human self, material desires, wealth, and ideology, and cannot resolve contradictions, the more miracles there are, the faster humanity will move towards self-destruction. The opposite of miracles is the devil, the double-edged sword of science.
The philosophy of the cosmic origin left by our ancestors educates and encourages humans to learn from the universe, to create contradictions, discover contradictions, and the key is to learn how to resolve contradictions. This is the true mission that the universe has given to human existence.
2.2.7. Language, Writing, Numbers, Mathematics, Science, Coordinate
Systems
The universe has endowed humans with a special informational function, enabling them to create the tools of language, writing, and numbers. These tools have further evolved into mathematics, science, and coordinate systems, enriching the informational capabilities of language, writing, and numbers even more.
Judging comprehensively with logical feelings and perception, language, writing, and numbers are an indispensable informational stage in human development. They provide a visible standardization of information for human recognition; without this standardization, the exchange of information between intelligences would be hindered.
However, the informational function of language, writing, and numbers is a sign of materialized information, which inevitably brings with it some of the advantages and disadvantages of material existence. Correctly understanding the pros and cons of this function can prevent the dual aspects of this informational tool from bringing contradictions to materialized humans. Coordinate systems can be used to judge and identify this duality, determining which aspects are more beneficial and which are not beneficial to human survival and existence.
Humans have created words with contradictions such as love and hate, heaven and hell, right and wrong, God and the devil, using perception and feeling to seek balance within these extreme terms.
These terms are not natural expressions but are 扩大 (expanded) expressions of natural phenomena, carrying human subjective consciousness and feelings.
Humans are material beings, and material philosophical thinking is an inevitable path of human existence. However, humans are also spiritual, with an empty mental software directing them. The universe is not purely material but a combination of material and non-material; therefore, a comprehensive consideration of material philosophy and the philosophy of the cosmic origin is the balanced thinking of humans. Balanced thinking requires humans to use the wisdom of prajñā (transcendent wisdom in Buddhism) and the wisdom of balance to resolve contradictions.
Religion is a great wisdom created by humans, with the light of faith becoming the brilliance of human self-discipline. It is unimaginable what the state of human survival and existence would be without faith.
However, religion is still a way of thinking within material philosophy. Religion cannot resolve the contradictions in human thought and has, to some extent, created opposition in ideological thinking, making human opposition not only manifest in disputes over material desires but also in ideological disputes and entanglements.
Religion is the creator of peaceful thought; the essence of religious thought is to call for mutual love, goodness, justice, and balance among humans. Yet, the proliferation of religious sects has created new roots for ideological confrontation: my thoughts are correct, and yours are heretical.
Einstein was a proponent of peace and also the theoretical creator of nuclear weapons, as well as a creator of contradictions in modern physics. Russell was a pacifist and also an expounder of the contradictions in material philosophy.
So, where is the origin of human peace? Everyone is calling for peace, but when faced with the contradictions of the material world and human society, they are at a loss, creating a human situation that can lead to war at any time. The wars of today have created the causes and factors for humans to completely destroy themselves.
The philosophy of the cosmic origin left by our ancestors is what allows humans to discover and create contradictions and, more importantly, to call for and teach humans how to resolve contradictions.
There is no heaven in space; heaven is where humans live. Any place where humans cannot survive is a purgatory for human existence. There is no hell beneath the Earth; heaven and hell are terms created by humans and exist within the human mind.
Comprehensive thinking of perception and feeling has given rise to a wonderful human thought and behavior called art. When art is combined with human material philosophy, it inevitably leads to human mythology. The miracles of humans are then deified into myths. In the classics of the philosophy of the cosmic origin left by our ancestors, Taoist and Buddhist philosophies list the miracles of human existence as secret behaviors or esoteric teachings, and do not advocate the spread of mythological stories or the thought of miracles. Some ancient Greek philosophers also seriously criticized humans for regarding personified gods as beliefs. However, personified gods have become universally present in human consciousness, existing within human thought and spirit.
Ancient mythological classics revered those ancestors who were beneficial to human survival and existence as gods; those who were detrimental to human survival and existence and harmed humans were called demons and monsters.
Logically, it can be confirmed that from ancient times until now, human thought has been focused on how to live and exist pleasantly, making this the coordinate system of human life goals. The universe wants humans to exist, and our ancestors even more so.
In the future, we still hope that our descendants will live and exist well. Whether it is material philosophy or the philosophy of the cosmic origin, both should be considered the coordinate system for human survival and existence. With this as the goal, we should eliminate the causes and factors of human self-destruction, as well as the serious threats that the universe may pose to human survival and existence, listing these as the main contradictions that humans need to resolve in order to survive and exist.
Humans create “God” with language and writing, Does God exist?
In linguistic logic, God more reflects human beings’ designation and exploration of the unknown and the miraculous. The universe created matter and humans; this miracle of “something from nothing” is the eternal object of human exploration with knowledge and information.
Humans have created the concepts of “God” and “Devil” with language, writing, and numbers. Apart from mythology, we have not seen real gods and devils in reality; these two concepts are created by the human mind and exist only within the human mind, manifesting in human or animal behavior.
It can be determined that the phenomena of gods and demons depicted in mythological novels exist in human society and the real world, within human society itself. The harm that carnivorous animals cause to humans is due to the universe endowing them with carnivorous information, not because of hatred or being demons that specifically harm humans. If humans domesticate them, they can also regard humans as their masters.
The universe created matter and humans. In the thermodynamic balance of the universe and in the motion and change of the material universe, there must also be phenomena and origins that destroy matter and humans. Matter is helpless, but humans have subjective consciousness; what should humans do?
The advancement of science has allowed humans to create nuclear weapons and other weapons that can destroy humanity multiple times over. In this situation, what should humans with subjective consciousness do?
From this logic, only humans can become the God and the Devil described by humans with language, writing, and numbers. What to do depends on humans themselves.
If there really is a personified God as imagined by humans, there is also a possibility that it could be extraterrestrials, other intelligent beings in the universe besides humans.
It can be analyzed and judged that no matter what kind of intelligent being it is, it is a high-end information being, and like humans, it is first and foremost material and cannot break through the material desires function that the universe endows intelligent beings with.
This material desire function, when considered within material philosophy, will produce a confrontation and opposition of contradictions, as well as an inability to resolve contradictions, leading to intelligent beings being unable to break through their own existence dilemma and eventually destroying themselves at a certain stage. If they can break through the dilemma of material philosophical thinking, learn the methods of thinking about the cosmic origin, understand the origin of existence, and use the principles of the cosmic origin to reduce contradictions, resolve contradictions, tolerate contradictions, and solve contradictions, they can enter a new period of existence.
In this case, they will resolve some of the contradictions that exist among their own kind, tolerate each other, love each other, and have a heartfelt, spiritual love and unity, and they will not destroy themselves.
Then, using the means of material science to deal with threats to their own existence from the universe and others, resolving the contradictions arising from this, allowing their own existence to last longer.
It can be said that today’s humans are in a period of ideological transformation, and the new information stage formed by the software of the human mind will lead humans towards new progress in survival and existence.
From the analysis and judgment of the records in Taoist and Buddhist philosophy classics, there is also a way, which is through the cultivation and meditation of the mind and body, so that even if the human body structure changes or is called death, the consciousness can exist independently. This issue is not discussed here, waiting for the philosophy of the cosmic origin to be recognized and accepted by science before it can be widely and deeply studied.
In the material universe with light-years and parsecs as units of length, and in the cosmic existence with “kalpas” as units of time, the probability of the existence of other intelligent beings is relatively large. As long as they have passed through the period of material philosophical thinking and entered the period of thinking about the cosmic origin, their minds and thoughts will undergo tremendous changes, and they will not easily intervene in the affairs of human society, at most they will remind humans in some way (Liu & Liu, 2021a). In fact, they have already provided these thoughts to humans through religion, which is: the thinking of the change and balance of contradictions; the wisdom of prajñā; to remind humans to be benevolent and righteous; to have love for each other; to treat humans themselves and all things in the universe with a kind heart; Inform humanity that light created existence, all things, and humanity.
2.3. New Considerations on the Cosmic Origin
The universe has given birth to humanity, and humans explore the knowledge and information of the universe through language, writing, and numbers. However, the universe and its original nature do not exist based on human subjective consciousness; they are objectively and absolutely existent.
For the sake of survival and existence, humans use language, writing, and numbers to explore and study the material universe and the cosmic origin. Our ancestors have laid a certain foundation for the contemplation of the cosmic origin. Aristotle led humanity to engage in material philosophical thinking, thus reaching the peak of science in the process of contemplating and practicing material science, opening the door to the cosmic origin, and verifying the original cosmic thoughts of our ancestors. The new scientific information of the new era has opened up a new journey for us to reconsider the cosmic origin, leading to new considerations of the cosmic origin.
Analyzing and judging with new information through logic, we can understand that the material universe is a combination and collection of information, energy, and matter. Matter and energy undergo balanced transformation and change under the conditions of information and the causal conditions of thermodynamics.
The universe created matter and humans, and humans study the universe and its original nature through philosophical thinking and scientific exploration.
The material universe “来自空性, 归于虚无,” “无名天地之始; 有名万物之母,” “万物有灵”. The void creates energy, energy changes into matter, and matter, under the influence of information, transforms back into the energy of the void. The transformation of matter into energy and energy into matter is the true essence of the existence of the material universe; all existences in the universe are alive.
Zero is the starting point of the universe, and absolute zero is an integrated whole existence that is boundless in size and infinitely small 其大无外, 其小无内, a state of “wu ji 无极” (the great ultimate). Although our current information is not sufficient to support a rational analysis of this state, modern physics has clearly pointed out that absolute zero is the absolute cosmic origin.
The mind of the universe is mechanics. Under the conditions and causes of mechanics, the information of mechanics leads to an overall split of the “wu ji” of absolute zero, causing a fracture in the integrated energy and information. First, under the action of the “original force,” energy, as a fundamental form of existence, becomes a segmented existence. This segmented energy and information endow the content of the material universe’s existence.
The universe has been locally split, and integrated existence has become dispersed existence, with soul information existing in various forms of existence. First, among the dispersed and intermittent energy, under the influence of mechanics, the principles of quantum mechanics have clarified the basic principles of the aggregation of intermittent energy into matter. Physics and chemistry have clarified how this intermittent energy becomes the existence of dispersed, independent atoms, molecules, and cells, each form of existence reflecting its own independent information and soul, its own mind, self, and perception. This existence continues until the creation of humans.
This process is the process of the universe from the “great I” to the “self,” and then returning to the “great I”.
What exactly is the universe like? The standard answer is: it is as it is.
Humans, for the sake of survival and existence, have created language, writing, and numbers to explore the knowledge and information of the universe. This exploration is a continuous comprehensive expression of perception and feeling. There will be certain errors in this expression. Humans are striving to explore with their own informational tools and gradually eliminate errors, moving towards the “absolute existence” of the universe. The “artificial existence” created by humans has no truth, only progress towards the truth.
Humans have created mathematics, which is a high-end knowledge and information tool for exploring the universe. It is a complex and accurate informational tool. However, this tool is for exploring the three-dimensional universe, an invention for exploring the material universe, and a supplement to the tools of language, writing, and numbers. To explore energy science and information science, humans need to create new mathematical tools, especially for the study and application of zero. The zero-dimensional universe is a wonderful piece of information, and more applications may be statistical mathematics such as mathematical statistics and probability theory.
Coordinate systems are fundamental mathematical models created by humans and are basic tools for human thinking. The three-dimensional coordinate system is a fundamental tool we must use in the material universe, teaching humans to determine the position and zero point of existence, mathematical models, and also teaching humans to call space three-dimensional. Without coordinate systems, scientific research on matter would not be possible.
To study energy and information, to study the existence of the non-material, it is necessary to design and establish new time zero-point coordinate systems and existence zero-point coordinate systems.
Coordinate systems are also directional tools for humans to judge and think about “rightness” and “wrongness.” The “rightness” and “wrongness” judged by humans are information concepts formed within their own thinking coordinate systems. What is considered right in one coordinate system may be considered wrong in another, with opposite results.
Therefore, the laws, morals, cultures, and ideologies established by humans can only be suitable for certain groups of people. Humans must understand and tolerate.
Science is an intelligent tool created by humans, repeatedly verifying the fundamental properties of existence with theories and practices, judging the phenomena and origins of this existence.
Current science can only be identified as material science guided by material philosophy. It is also an informational tool created by humans and still has errors. The correctness of science lies in the correctness of philosophical thought. Once philosophical thought lacks information, it will inevitably lead to scientific errors.
Quantum mechanics and relativity have developed energy science and information science, initiating and linking the philosophy of the cosmic origin. Material philosophical thought is no longer suitable for guiding energy science and information science. It is necessary to use the philosophical thought of the cosmic origin to guide and study energy science and information science.
This is the root of the “theoretical contradictions” in current modern physics and the serious errors caused by material scientific thoughts such as space-time curvature and time reversal.
Especially seriously, the thoughts of material philosophy and material science have caused serious confrontations in human thought. This confrontation is essentially the dual-edged sword effect of science. Science can be a tool for humans to become gods or a killer for demons. Scientific philosophy can either lead human development or completely destroy humanity. Both gods and demons are the origins of the human mind.
The philosophy of the cosmic origin advocates that humans understand the contradictions in the universe, among humans, tolerate and eliminate these contradictions, and let humans have a perfect outcome of survival and existence.
Summary
The existence of matter is natural, and humans are a special form of matter. All matter possesses the capacity for perception, while a particular type of matter exhibits both perception and sensation, such as the existence of cells and human beings.
Non-material existence is the original essence of the material universe and matter, a dualistic existence of yin and yang, the existence of energy and information, a contradictory unity formed by the conditions of energy and information, and the fundamental attribute of existence.
The existence of humankind is a unique phenomenon in the universe, representing not only the manifestation of special matter but also reflecting the overall state of the cosmos. What sets humans apart is their possession of sensation and subjective consciousness, making them an intelligent substance created by the universe—akin to biological computers.
3. Conclusion
The author is neither a philosopher nor a scientist, but a scientific researcher whose field of study can be categorized under Aristotle’s “second philosophy”—mineral processing. His primary work involves studying stones and extracting various elements and substances useful to humanity. Due to the author’s limited knowledge, he has not found other similar research articles, so most references cited are his own studies. He looks forward to the emergence of more researchers in this field.
In homage to Aristotle, whose philosophy initiated the grand journey of human material philosophy and material science. It has allowed humanity to make tremendous progress in the material world, reaching the pinnacle of material science.
Mankind has not disappointed the expectations of Socrates and Aristotle, resolving the contradictions in human thought by setting them aside, allowing human contemplation to ascend cyclically to new heights, and opening the magnificent door to the cosmic origin. This enables humanity to once again welcome with reverence the return to contemplation of “space and the existence within it,” entering a new era of human thought.
With great joy, we celebrate the return of human contemplation. Two thousand years ago, humanity lacked understanding of “space and its existence.” Out of reverence for the god of space, we were compelled to abandon thoughts of the mother of space. Today’s tremendous progress has restored our capacity for thought, and thus, humanity has saved itself.
The cosmological primordial thought left by our ancestors tells us that there are no contradictions in physics; humanity will inevitably dialectically apply the concepts of cosmological origin and material philosophy to appropriately resolve contradictions between people, between humans and the cosmos, and between humans and existence.
Human contemplation once again returns to the embrace of the Mother of Space, worshiping space and time with reverence.
Data Availability Statement
In accordance with publication standards and terms, the data in this article is openly accessible to support knowledge sharing. The author sincerely appreciates the contributions of the cited works and thanks Ms. Kexin Yu for her suggestions on revising the article.