<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">APM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Advances in Pure Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2160-0368</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/apm.2014.47041</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">APM-47617</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>PHYSICS &amp; MATHEMATICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>On the Norm of Elementary Operator</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Denis</surname><given-names>Njue Kingangi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>John</surname><given-names>Ogoji Agure</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fredrick</surname><given-names>Oluoch Nyamwala</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Physics, Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>dankingangi2003@yahoo.com(DNK)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>07</issue><fpage>309</fpage><lpage>316</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day>	<month>April</month>	<year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>20</day>	<month>May</month>	<year>2014</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>3</day>	<month>June</month>	<year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
	The norm of an
elementary operator has been studied by many mathematicians. Varied results
have been established especially on the lower bound of this norm. Here, we
attempt the same problem for finite dimensional operators.
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Bounded Linear Operator</kwd><kwd> Elementary Operator</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8132f87b-bba6-4456-af7b-2bfac71cb368.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a complex Hilbert space and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6b2f85e2-bc4f-49cc-8280-8903aa31dbf0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be the set of bounded operators on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7f4e0440-3b02-4ad0-a262-d01d41db0867.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. A basic elementary operator, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ef8faf82-ffb8-4247-9c2a-5e46aa4d5a86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, is defined as:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1573"><label>,</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\cb14fba1-13ca-45fe-8598-af513c8aea8b.png"/></disp-formula><p>for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\69cca307-964a-4c9a-9999-929243e55a15.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5150f9a3-07b2-4242-a807-26b095e9b1fc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> fixed.</p><p>An elementary operator, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\320b8c1a-8bf9-4bb4-b276-922cb1a7cf48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, is a finite sum of the basic elementary operators, de-</p><p>fined as, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\08b8d401-c8e2-41fa-ab3f-5195e64f5a85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\de97a1b0-40fb-458c-bc8e-911f52784ccd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\bc556a31-48fa-4341-b387-98b670c3c99b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are fixed, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b01e65ac-6a5d-4518-8ca7-e0ad99638756.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>When<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\0ef15ccd-3287-4f8f-958a-c2ac30e2d9fc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\48b40cf0-18ef-4474-9d4e-e78b4b18d509.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5d2a3e46-2276-4f20-a4a2-c455345bbc22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\4525fbd7-67be-4f20-a2dc-4f9824ea5425.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> fixed, for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\073a197c-8c32-4204-9417-0029d4ceb05c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Given the elementary operator <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\eb4e5369-e88f-483f-836c-175fcd1db917.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\18a34e67-9ac4-40ea-b38d-0928f6a09890.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, the question on whether the equation</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\4a8387a0-ff4b-4564-9daf-b83d6703a265.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, holds remains an area of interest to many mathematicians. This paper attempts to an-</p><p>swer this question for finite dimensional operators.</p><p>For a complex Hilbert space<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\85d48389-4fa8-4f62-ba65-2887fbb8e38b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, with dual<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\426e60a3-6810-41d8-81af-95d3b2f74e42.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we define a finite rank operator <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b3ecfc8c-34a2-4287-8123-c1c2a424149d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\81757a2e-5515-41e6-8fe2-ef9a6fa920bf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\9ed7416a-71b5-4fee-bff4-c8854a50e545.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\4323fe9d-d243-4163-b96a-3b91f191098e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\20ff1115-2487-4782-a2e3-abbf70642059.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a unit vector, with:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1574"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\e85ea3c4-0ee5-40c8-bbbd-d93e56391cbe.png"/></disp-formula><p>In this paper, we use finite rank operators to determine the norm of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\c4e5702e-f608-4680-b62d-daba53734afb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. We first review some known results on the norm of the Jordan elementary operator<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\2eb05339-d6ac-4d33-8701-497e1c654d34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\cf766348-beca-48e7-b335-453927452572.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\189b3c83-a1db-477c-bafa-afcec08e8e18.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\1a0601f9-27dd-47e4-81aa-182cda6db5ec.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> fixed. We will then proceed to show that for an operator <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6d6dbdd6-6ab7-41a8-9357-c9d867fa101d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\87e5b510-0120-42b5-96cb-4385a92f3967.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ec43dcf8-e5ff-4dca-a46b-6b5706fa234e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all unit vectors<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\05b3e25f-785e-486e-b983-613eda3bf81d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1575"><label>.</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\cca541bb-a094-4a79-901f-6bfa052b7749.png"/></disp-formula><p>Some mathematicians have attempted to determine the norm of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\efd08b95-f9ea-4024-b6af-704078ba43ac.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Timoney, used (matrix) numerical ranges and the tracial geometric mean to obtain an approximation of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6f2509aa-54e9-4609-b79e-5d5664ee6486.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref1">1</xref>] , while Nyamwala and Agure used the spectral resolution theorem to calculate the norm of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\97ab25a2-176b-4926-82f2-34ea73d90f48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> induced by normal operators in a finite dimensional Hilbert space [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref2">2</xref>] .</p><p>The study of the norm of the Jordan elementary operator has also attracted many researchers in operator theory. Mathieu [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref3">3</xref>] , in 1990, proved that in the case of a prime C*-algebra, the lower bound of the norm of</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a6b283cc-b2c8-4b89-9c28-0543c6ea7165.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>can be estimated by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\352442d3-7150-4376-a407-485ff8ba2c3d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> In 1994, Cabrera and Rodriguez [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref4">4</xref>] , showed that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\71847e44-01d5-4ff0-85d3-7beab23a5984.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for prime JB*-algebras.</p><p>On their part, Stacho and Zalar [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref5">5</xref>] , in 1996 worked on the standard operator algebra which is a sub-algebra of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\e3e4be2f-ab42-4bb3-ab50-d07bd74e3a02.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, that contains all finite rank operators. They first showed that the operator <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\d81a7021-13ed-4141-97cf-b80b40b9fdc5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> actually represents a Jordan triple structure of a C*-algebra. They also showed that if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\f7006f1b-9707-45a6-9745-74b16be5deb7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a standard operator algebra acting on a Hilbert space<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\f112a51e-f4ab-4921-a232-c804902a6d27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a7dee4a0-e043-46cb-8d84-92d6045d1bf8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\96da4aa2-045b-451b-a93b-6505a9140b21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> They later (1998), proved that</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\73eefc56-7a30-4c82-a96a-4ced8aec8943.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for the algebra of symmetric operators acting on a Hilbert space. They attached a family of Hil-</p><p>bert spaces to standard operator algebra, using the inner products on them to obtain their results.</p><p>In 2001, Barraa and Boumazguor [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref6">6</xref>] , used the concept of the maximal numerical range and finite rank operators to show that if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6e989c10-433d-4e78-b0d7-71f8a6623a0a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\dbfbe775-b082-4c98-a5e8-a7a22f0f74d0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1576"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\1ac4f56e-cfb1-45e8-89c5-3a1e526993de.png"/></disp-formula><p>where,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1577"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8db138e3-b7e7-4302-87f8-3c2e51a9a464.png"/></disp-formula><p>is the maximal numerical range of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\2d2906fe-455a-4eef-9ddb-1d57f4020375.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> relative to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\0816fd34-a426-423f-a8e3-7d49e22891ab.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> , and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\f445a07f-5428-4ced-b991-a685642734be.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the Hilbert adjoint of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ca64bae5-5be2-4fd0-9be8-65987019006e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Okelo and Agure [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref7">7</xref>] used the finite rank operators to determine the norm of the basic elementary operator. Their work forms the basis of the results in this paper.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. The Norm of Elementary Operator</title><p>In this section, we present some of the known results on elementary operators and proceed to determine norm of the elementary operator<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8d303324-0068-46a9-9e48-29f072a22435.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>In the following theorem Okelo and Agure [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref7">7</xref>] , determined the norm of the basic elementary operator.</p><p>Theorem 2.1 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref5">5</xref>] : Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\81d1b7f3-03e2-4bfc-ab6f-4664ec22282e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a complex Hilbert space and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\d4538129-e76a-474d-ada0-42e783cb5362.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the algebra of bounded linear operators on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\3d508669-fc51-4cfb-9120-4c57db9c94b6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a7918314-3ced-4137-89db-5dda180d74fd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be defined by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6dba1c2a-99bd-4f50-bbb0-bb7857769409.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\29555aa6-7db8-42ba-9a39-62d30c2ebd21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\62bba4d7-da1f-4213-ac40-fc020044fefc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> as fixed elements in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\de9eea95-55e8-4292-8e22-f4bf7856dc62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. If for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\4e09327a-616e-4320-a246-6b053c31359f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\bde81870-af84-463e-a5cb-ef72081258e7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a8b6d633-4206-4535-913f-5bf4d3e5911e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all unit vectors<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\06a10729-0a27-43b6-a1da-907015061caf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then;</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1578"><label>.</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a2e6a992-e04f-48a3-9130-22e86fe837c5.png"/></disp-formula><p>Proof: Since<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\34372901-c158-4c51-87c9-41f558eeb7cd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\13c108af-bf37-4abf-aee7-090608efcf2b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1579"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\f9ff91bf-1843-4868-abee-bad802fc21ea.png"/></disp-formula><p>Therefore:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1580"><label>.</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5d8a59ba-7bae-4306-97f5-c22c4841d71d.png"/></disp-formula><p>Letting<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\3e6b6797-6673-48af-af67-f803c0b8596f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we obtain:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1581"><label>. (1)</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\e09bbba8-122c-42e9-95b8-a5c1739b8852.png"/></disp-formula><p>On the other hand, we have:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1582"><label>,</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\d260c4a3-1e99-4669-a86b-7400e8b8d652.png"/></disp-formula><p>with:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1583"><label>.</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\3680b5e7-969b-4825-8def-4c87451b954c.png"/></disp-formula><p>So, setting<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\545ae0b1-ac8e-4001-9cf3-5a750e0a93ee.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\49f16a97-bcbd-4d29-a67f-bc817b34b44e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have:</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\9d01ee5f-5eda-4d2f-b7b4-3efcf0c858db.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5e747f64-5319-4913-9d5c-f992ba3c8d38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> fixed in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\c587fee6-19c6-42cb-b436-b5006f25b348.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1584"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b0f71f56-40c0-4aae-9934-63c8318e5c27.png"/></disp-formula><p>obtaining;</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1585"><label>. (2)</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5e6ce470-8b7d-4ec6-bcfa-820d163629de.png"/></disp-formula><p>Hence, from (1) and (2), we obtain</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a142c8ca-dd2b-44fb-88c6-c75af56af7b1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\3842d4ea-32bf-485e-8728-7bf1c61a8613.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>For any vectors<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\e32df36e-9e7b-4c43-8e7c-1e83415e2eaf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, the rank one operator, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\672a3be1-cb35-41a2-9ff9-795b885f76ec.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, is defined by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\2dfea543-ef51-45b5-98ed-56bc0c2a0280.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\f54680b7-b354-454e-9060-c730447dcfbf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>In the following three results Baraa and Boumazgour give three estimations to the lower bound of the norm of</p><p>the Jordan elementary operator. See [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47617-ref6">6</xref>] . Recall that the Jordan elementary operator is the operator</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\9e34425b-7a05-439b-b8b6-c2dfd4126ef9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\dec4d7d2-b9d1-4002-bc4d-49deab44699e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a192c408-e6da-4dbf-ac94-3ff9b537725d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> fixed.</p><p>Theorem 2.2. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\be92d414-f982-41e0-9139-4ef7266e3870.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be the Jordan elementary operator with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\f9d42efb-2209-49e8-98f8-0a868ba179c5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> fixed, and with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\0d767dbf-fba8-4355-b187-ce1075176589.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1586"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\02074b1e-38ff-4432-8827-089ca88371ed.png"/></disp-formula><p>where, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a60a9f88-e9ef-4c44-9590-c689b5e90c2f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is the maximal numerical range of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\3dfc92d0-0b65-4601-8a26-a01c3f422db2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> relative to<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\fc4ea5c2-6f60-415c-8156-5abf31a4bd5e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, as defined earlier.</p><p>Proof: Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ee5f8d29-223d-45da-8915-3ae63cacab75.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then there exists a sequence <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\9b356122-89c2-44f3-9b26-898606d299ca.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of unit vectors in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\bf546295-e7ab-4dab-a87f-0f4cab873355.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6e24c7e9-722b-4eec-a0ac-7d35dba0a439.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b28a2af2-4679-41f3-8dd1-92f1c17f5a60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Consider unit vectors<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\96395d69-8eaf-4356-987e-63e4ee3862f6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and recall the rank one operator, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5de2f68e-2384-48aa-9820-6012f6a40cca.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, defined as<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8aaf5bf6-fbaa-4d84-a50f-d67ef6f7f1b6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for all unit vectors<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\af2eb50f-8b88-464e-9614-31ebb5c77125.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. For fixed operators<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7bd8b8e2-9765-4333-809c-79b888bc4e87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have;</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1587"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\08966646-f0c4-4fa9-b868-42faec848204.png"/></disp-formula><p>That is<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8ec2eb5d-c32f-4046-a737-45604f2d7dae.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Thus we have:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1588"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\97d37671-506f-4172-9564-44158c74d5e9.png"/></disp-formula><p>Hence</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1589"><label>. (3)</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\c29b1b21-bcb7-4183-8176-c8f31241fc44.png"/></disp-formula><p>Letting<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5596ea9a-38d7-40ef-b972-04a46b117f51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we obtain:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1590"><label>,</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\bbdfc8c0-c437-4328-859d-9e42b4f2252d.png"/></disp-formula><p>and this is true for any<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\cc017921-27bc-4142-b890-6a2493156100.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and for any unit vector<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\122d0b61-00d0-4bb1-ad9b-c33b8e604462.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Now, consider the set<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\f97f4c86-0e68-442a-b34a-808bf3430ae8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>We have:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1591"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\fac683f8-fe6e-426b-a4a3-469f84c04c9d.png"/></disp-formula><p>But<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\fb1a3a22-c798-485e-90cf-c61de079c0c3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Therefore:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1592"><label>,</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\edec6f62-2e51-4755-8d99-5f52e12123a0.png"/></disp-formula><p>and this completes the proof. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\210fc071-aeb3-4182-bbb8-59ecaaace47d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Corollary 2.3: Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5656e911-be3e-42bf-bc34-4b5210f350ba.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a complex Hilbert space and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7bbef1a0-69a1-46ce-898c-9e9a134c1149.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be bounded linear operators on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8c5d5468-0742-4342-9648-04103acda48f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-5300712x\de04730f-dc41-4189-a1a8-819bc6c1ea57.png" width="252.5" height="48.75" />. Then we have <img src="htmlimages\2-5300712x\9144ffa5-f684-4059-9e8f-30746a8fe442.png" width="162.5" height="48.75" /></p><p>Proof: Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6545fd10-239b-4131-b8ff-461cda868853.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then , <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\1c316fae-6265-45ec-be51-b397da48b5a5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>or<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\10bb0566-e44e-4e85-a252-0e1f9ef8129c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and therefore, either there is a sequence <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\61ede660-a0dc-4beb-8ed2-593a247e7b5a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of unit vectors in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\167e588f-e482-4257-b25a-cc60e1431f1c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8757414e-be76-485c-bbfb-525b88323317.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\47e8bbea-b329-4dd0-83be-aaa565dee663.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> or, there is a sequence <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ebaca066-0262-4a39-821f-303f267e3df1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of unit vectors in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7e94fbbf-b47d-4591-a057-d0e1a81de54f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\54cad5f9-9e9a-4c26-8314-325e90e49131.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7d2f44e4-77fe-4a29-9988-960dff9e2b85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Recall that in the previous theorem (Inequality (3)), we obtained:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1593"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\0cb834ee-4ac5-4289-8e2f-1af9b12c9610.png"/></disp-formula><p>This is equivalent to:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1594"><label>, (4)</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\62710c89-a11e-4f5a-b93d-91a3e9e99c62.png"/></disp-formula><p>considering the sequence<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\d83a65c5-132d-40ed-aa55-cb2fe59f9722.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,</p><p>Taking limits in either (3) or (4), we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1595"><label>,</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\22098ab2-04f9-44fa-8cb8-7aa0ff87e78b.png"/></disp-formula><p>and this is true for any unit vector<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\1deb5583-9a6f-4591-8001-7cb9e4856248.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Now, consider the set<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\e95a60c1-da5e-4d52-a204-926e09c5bb87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>We have:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1596"><label>.</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\57101322-ae48-4506-8223-02911c937434.png"/></disp-formula><p>But<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\1c8b69d9-2980-45ac-a51c-068830e351ea.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Therefore:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1597"><label>,</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\d05ba28e-20a3-40b8-88cd-6665d0a91954.png"/></disp-formula><p>and this completes the proof. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7feb35ac-7443-4a44-9a04-e9cd1f156ab7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Proposition 2.4: Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a82646a1-9a39-48b5-bdb1-177ab56273c6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a complex Hilbert space and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\cff476cb-e534-44bc-b3a8-368e926d15c9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be bounded linear operators on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\51adb6d0-bbf2-44fe-9df2-f44445a13727.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. If</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1598"><label>then:</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\295da8a6-5b9b-44f6-96bd-69694f66786b.png"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1599"><label>.</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5b8a1e8f-6a76-4cf6-b148-f1c709393e23.png"/></disp-formula><p>Proof: Suppose<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\2a263793-3f81-4648-aae0-ac2ebfd6b592.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7869316a-9941-4d68-9853-a329d0fd525a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\edb875a3-fc9a-4a0b-8189-3d214d2b1dbf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and therefore we can find two sequences <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\40c9f4ca-c01c-484b-b053-80823d776edf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6ca4869c-048b-4d54-bfb4-ab73425f3cb3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of unit vectors in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7906c052-7915-4d07-ab86-c9f644a5513f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that:</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b417afd7-eb8f-4445-ba89-6afb048160ae.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\e54d36a5-eca9-4816-91dd-10b548870697.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\06a26cec-53eb-4054-9f5a-6e8568414aba.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ce1516f6-8a7f-46b4-b15d-28061ffc3498.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Since <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\c5bd6807-153a-492b-8a6e-74fd25d6c4b4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\306443e6-e2ed-4c1e-b695-49c0b5a33f3c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6538bf49-5dab-4f12-84b4-f19e03a5ef10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1600"><label>.</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a61d925e-413c-4b42-8a74-ecf4fcb83551.png"/></disp-formula><p>For each<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\da509c95-6b35-4310-9d6a-c0bcf9f1ae0d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1601"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\eb8c0bd4-8e44-466e-9a45-31a998d7e37b.png"/></disp-formula><p>Now, we have:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1602"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\92594945-9619-47a8-98a3-475bee6c045e.png"/></disp-formula><p>Therefore:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1603"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\3da9a654-22d1-4344-ac49-ccfa571fa9f4.png"/></disp-formula><p>Letting <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\921f0bfc-78db-4a5e-ac25-06c8ad069c48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> we obtain:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1604"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b8aae992-de55-467e-b753-e9a4303146be.png"/></disp-formula><p>That is <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\d206bb52-f170-4d2f-8146-47a97b0ad79f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and this implies that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\2ce3c69d-1026-4cd1-aa41-f9174a60b70f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Clearly, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5f0b9023-ad83-42da-865b-cba90b5616d1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and therefore we obtain<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\3530249c-08d6-460d-ab4a-30d7c38ecced.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b14c12ef-6ac6-4b26-b3d1-54d1d7f7879d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>We recall that an elementary operator, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b72c9516-c5d8-42da-b5d4-b53c7b9d6c0d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, is defined as<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\fef48be9-3527-4cfc-bf93-c6a746934f09.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\34a89909-fed9-40a2-a762-0b0ed1f78084.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\9d5cd843-c713-4063-ac87-fb9a3ca9cf17.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are fixed, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\167a0058-e01a-44b2-ae5b-5225e4011b1b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. When<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\55c3f282-f7fa-4b60-8a5e-9568dd20deed.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8c76bc44-9365-4a97-bdfd-1eecf788243f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\519535ea-f034-48fb-8dd9-653486bd43e2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\9fde93e4-45ae-4aa3-a496-21bdda8872a7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> fixed, for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\1e3634c5-6bf5-40bf-9bb8-050f3fa8bbc8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>The following result gives the norm of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\942723e1-a943-4b52-8901-c60b7fd9a1d7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Theorem 2.5: Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\3485bffe-a764-42fd-8d2d-09e2ede69c10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a complex Hilbert space and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b30cd752-9074-4039-bf3d-4ca5a9d25132.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ea81ae25-5000-4d0e-8aa0-2427cab7af53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>: Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\1a7fdd60-e0ae-4171-a239-a593ff132dcf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be the elementary operator on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\80d4d395-53b8-4a49-aaf7-c57f84725847.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> defined above. If for an operator <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\2d7dc18e-fa20-481a-bf85-923bef370d30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6815c2e0-9afb-4a93-8bcf-7d11996b03a2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\266513b4-bf53-4283-bf15-435f0893fc14.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all unit vectors<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\2ad9ec30-bcfa-422d-b8fd-61c1856e94bb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1605"><label>.</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\78dd20bb-bae1-4608-ab4c-7a069acf17c1.png"/></disp-formula><p>Proof: Recall that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\0b237bcd-d464-4eea-b258-58114f88044d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is defined as<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6b9412f8-11d8-4928-80d1-bfa72f8ec92c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8163e298-c24f-4d65-86cf-e60f2a369cb2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\649979da-ca1a-4c50-8365-eee97c24d765.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> fixed, for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\93dc8d83-3b45-4f21-ac7e-fb172741ba23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>We have:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1606"><label>.</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\5e418d60-2312-4d10-adab-b52122ee3f79.png"/></disp-formula><p>Therefore, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\455e49f7-2e23-44f8-960a-eb069fb541ba.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\e2c60194-9210-41d8-a242-21fc58cc87d9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7e233862-6c37-479d-a098-8891bcb43e25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>So, for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\51081a24-49b3-46b6-b5c0-30b0238ad5cd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ef2a7ed7-fa59-4599-abc2-00191193c8ce.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\23f990d2-2a4d-425b-b3df-485ee6c75d67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\86bcc052-b55e-4253-aefd-58c3e1eb5248.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Therefore,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\eb697a95-9815-47f8-80c7-d92b81ca91c3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Letting<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\d9850602-9e34-4b14-b603-79b8c4c92ffd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we obtain:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1607"><label>. (5)</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\e4da5ece-1c33-46f6-b786-303fab63a240.png"/></disp-formula><p>Next, we show that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b78c620e-1027-4710-83e6-c0b2248a8a6c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Since<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\1e1bacb1-59c4-4d9a-a72c-7425a30aebed.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then we have <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\17d78e12-b7fe-4727-abbe-1a5010f613e7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\60d7f1b7-bcd3-420e-8eac-0b0bfb1f4710.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. But<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\fff9aa89-e462-4df1-bf23-9d45d4d2448a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Now, let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\db80fa4f-ba3a-448e-a52d-48950fc0a156.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be functionals for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a380170d-55ef-4c88-8e6e-af9a1f900559.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Choose unit vectors <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ac094466-cb86-411c-9465-9ce128ebd51d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and define finite rank operators <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\0c828e94-27cd-4eba-9052-0c6dee348502.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a351f8d6-7a4d-4b00-a140-ff3f62cbd26c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\f2c0646d-6ed2-4e93-9ac5-51da81041f50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\cb3b0439-2464-4fe3-92a1-ead85e0e4552.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\cf74a496-7f51-4fc5-817c-ba453be3a329.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\2e8ad65c-fd18-40e2-8068-adce5cca5dc7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\d2957b30-1fdc-48b3-80d1-3d78e752193d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\dad6824b-b620-49aa-b75b-21c233dc558c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\c3b03de2-a8fe-4528-a011-04158f88a87a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\b6c72b9d-101a-4113-81ec-a90f5fd2dc36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\dd6556b5-f872-40ee-ba1b-bb72f56360f7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\08162718-1aaa-4b33-8422-1894977e867d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Observe that the norm of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\bb336c14-ce38-4817-8d65-8886178ad912.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8e850c93-c9a1-44d7-813d-fde3239f1cbb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1608"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\eb308f26-4faa-4450-9313-034017463165.png"/></disp-formula><p>That is <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\2ec6d3a2-1aff-4bae-bba3-ec37d0c4545e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for any unit vector <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8b24f61f-f773-4378-9225-000d734f46b7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\1049ab1e-677f-4ea1-bb39-d30075df17c1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\04ea2891-c6e9-4019-ad65-317faa57f40d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Likewise, the norm of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a2f4de7e-ab30-4cf2-aa7f-59a2fbef0ade.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\8ccb7624-1cbe-4e34-bd7d-ae8f4ea90b34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for any unit vector <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\42116b7d-0469-4618-ad9f-7bca96369a0b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\6d671b8c-69cd-4eef-a5c9-bcfb362e1aa0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\afbe37d5-ecad-4d1b-9394-14e738f8ff6b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Therefore, for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\02719f79-8e83-454e-bb07-834d25ac91d5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\229cf493-9866-4a49-b6c1-d76196b9dd8b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1609"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\a22caaf1-f21e-4ec9-b3c9-776ee24f9edf.png"/></disp-formula><p>Since<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\323ccc73-aeb4-43df-b9f5-bc23a25a8b4e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1610"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\4d5c7186-d647-482e-b9c1-9db751f5651f.png"/></disp-formula><p>Now, since <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\15d92e39-596b-412e-b2ca-8f39c8287aaf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\c61e9534-936d-4959-90f8-d2d603cb872c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are all positive real numbers, we have</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\67aafd36-090e-4ed2-9bc3-02b15c5c6e15.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\83e7ab94-d865-46ca-a54c-da69b91e0ea1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\ab283696-59b2-489e-bb3c-f31927170e9b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\95945fb0-139e-42ac-a8c7-f6fa8f00c87b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Thus <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\7c9de419-d415-432e-90ed-1a84c672d107.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and hence we have<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\0b522203-d5e9-4840-892a-6fdcbd5f980c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>That is,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1611"><label>. (6)</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\4413f09a-1f65-47ba-a6ad-33023d4bf9f9.png"/></disp-formula><p>Now, (5) and (6) implies that:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.47617-formula1612"><label>,</label><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\44747a13-28e3-4d7a-88cf-10aed137b00c.png"/></disp-formula><p>and this completes the proof. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://file.scirp.org/Html/htmlimages\2-5300712x\fd60a56a-265c-4aa8-a005-a64ad3e1095c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.47617-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>TIMONEY</surname><given-names> R.M. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. 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