<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ALAMT</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Advances in Linear Algebra &amp; Matrix Theory</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2165-333X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/alamt.2014.44017</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ALAMT-51423</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  The Bounds for Eigenvalues of Normalized Laplacian Matrices and Signless Laplacian Matrices
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>erife</surname><given-names>Büyükköse</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sehri</surname><given-names>Gülçiçek Eski</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Institue of Science, Ahi Evran University, K?r?ehir, Turkey </addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>serifebuyukkose@gmail.com(EB)</email>;<email>gulcicekeski@gmail.com(SGE)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>04</issue><fpage>201</fpage><lpage>204</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>8</day>	<month>September</month>	<year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>6</day>	<month>October</month>	<year>2014</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day>	<month>November</month>	<year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  In this paper, we found the bounds of the extreme eigenvalues of normalized Laplacian matrices and signless Laplacian matrices by using their traces. In addition, we found the bounds for k-th eigenvalues of normalized Laplacian matrix and signless Laplacian matrix.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Normalized Laplacian Matrix</kwd><kwd> Signless Laplacian Matrix</kwd><kwd> Bounds of Eigenvalue</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a simple graph with the vertex set <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and edge set of E. For<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, the degree of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, the set of neighbours of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are denoted by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x11.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, respectively. If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x12.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x13.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are adjacent, we denote <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x14.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of short use<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x15.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>The adjacency matrix, Laplacian matrix and diagonal matrix of vertex degree of a <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x16.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> graph are denoted by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x17.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x18.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x19.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, respectively. Clearly</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula626"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x20.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The normalized Laplacian matrix of G is defined as <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> i.e.,</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>where</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula627"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x23.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The signless Laplacian matrix of G is defined as <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> i.e., <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>where</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula628"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x26.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Since <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> normalized Laplacian matrix and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> signless Laplacian matrix are real symetric matrices, their eigenvalues are real. We denote the eigenvalues of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula629"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x31.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula630"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x32.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>respectively.</p><p>Now we give some bounds for normalized Laplacian matrix and signless Laplacian matrix.</p><p>1. Oliveira and de Lima’s bound [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.51423-ref1">1</xref>] : For a simple connected graph G with n vertices and m edges, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula631"><label>(1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x34.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>2. Another Oliveira and de Lima’s bound [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.51423-ref1">1</xref>] :</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula632"><label>(2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x36.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>3. Li, Liu et al. bound’s [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.51423-ref2">2</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.51423-ref3">3</xref>] :</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula633"><label>(3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x38.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>4. Rojo and Soto’s bound [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.51423-ref4">4</xref>] : If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the largest eigenvalue of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula634"><label>(4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x41.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where the minimum is taken over all pairs<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x42.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x42.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>In this paper, we found extreme eigenvalues of normalized Laplacian matrix and signless Laplacian matrix of a G graph with using theirs traces.</p><p>To obtain bounds for eigenvalues of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x44.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x44.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x45.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> we need the followings lemmas and theorems.</p><p>Lemma 1. Let W and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be nonzero column vectors, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is an identity matrix. Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x52.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula635"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x53.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula636"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x54.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula637"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x55.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula638"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x56.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Theorem 1 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.51423-ref5">5</xref>] . Let A be a <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> complex matrix. Conjugate transpose of A denoted by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> whose eigenvalues are <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula639"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x61.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula640"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x62.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Main Results for Normalized Laplacian Matrix</title><p>Theorem 2. Let G be a simple graph and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a normalized Laplacian matrix of G. If the eigenvalues of</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>are, then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula641"><label>(5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x68.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula642"><label>(6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x69.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula643"><label>(7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x70.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Proof. Clearly</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula644"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x71.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula645"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x72.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Since <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x73.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> real symmetric matrix, we found the result from Theorem 1.</p><p>Example 1. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x74.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x74.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x75.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula646"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x76.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Main Results for Signless Laplacian Matrix</title><p>Theorem 3. Let G be a simple graph and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a signless Laplacian matrix of G. If the eigenvalues of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x79.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x79.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula647"><label>(8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x81.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula648"><label>(9)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x82.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula649"><label>(10)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x83.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Proof. Clearly</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula650"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x84.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula651"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x85.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Since <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> was real symmetric matrix, we found the result from Theorem 1.</p><p>Example 2. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x88.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.51423-formula652"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2230047x89.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.51423-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Oliveira, C.S., De Lima, L.S., De Abreu, N.M.M. and Hansen, P. (2010) Bound on the Index of the Signless Laplacian of a Graph. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 158, 355-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2009.06.023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.51423-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Li, J. and Pan, Y. (2004) Upper Bounds for the Laplacian Graph Eigenvalues. Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series, 20, 803-806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10114-004-0332-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.51423-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Liu, H., Lu, M. and Tian, F. (2004) On the Laplacian Spectral Radius of a Graph. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 376, 135-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2003.06.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.51423-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Rojo, O. and Soto, R.L. (2013) A New Upper Bound on the Largest Normalized Laplacian Eigenvals. Operators and Matrices, 7, 323-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.7153/oam-07-19</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.51423-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Wolkowich, H. and Styan, G.P.H. (1980) Bounds for Eigenvalues Using Traces of Matrice. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 29, 471-506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(80)90258-X</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>