In ancient period, Chinese kings used this Ganoderma which gives a positive effect on their health. They lived many years due to the increment of their immunity power. Today, World Health Organization (WHO) has proved the Ganoderma as an excellent food and medicine. The biologist also grows the red mushroom by giving suitable temperature in green houses. Today the history about Ganoderma has become truth in this world [1] [2]. Ganoderma is known as Lingzhi in Chinese, are common using Chinese medicines with excellent beneficial health effects. Triterpenes and polysaccharides are usually considered as their main active components. However, the content of triterpenes differs significantly between the two species of Ganoderma [3].

Ganoderma is known as red mushrooms, which have medicinal power to prevent the human from different internal and external diseases [4]. The research of Ganoderma is known as Ganotherapy. There are different kinds of mushroom found on this earth. Mostly the people are taking poisonous mushroom which kills the internal parts of the body and slowly he or she dies. Ganoderma has become the powerful medicine on Earth. It is only found in high mountains and near the hills and in the shade of sun. There are different types of Ganoderma which is also called Gano such as Liver Gano, Peacock Gano, Heart Gano, Kimshen Gano, Brain Gano, and Ruyi Gano.

Chinese tradition proclaims that Ganoderma is also called “miraculous Zhi”, or “auspicious herb” and is considered to “symbolize happy augury, and to bespeak good fortune, good health and longevity, even immortality” [5]. As early as 800 years ago in the Yuan Dynasty (A.D., 1280-1368) Ganoderma has been represented in paintings, carvings, furniture, carpet design, jewellery, perfume bottles and many more creative artworks [6]. In two famous Chinese herb medical books, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (25-220 A.D., Eastern Han Dynasty) and Ben Cao Gang Mu (1590 A.D., Ming Dynasty), there were six known species of Ganoderma (Ling Zhi) in China at that time, whereas now more than 250 species have been described [7] [8].

Over the past century, a number of synthetic antimicrobial agents have been discovered and developed, but drug resistance and toxicity are still the major hindrances to gaining successful therapeutic outcomes in many instances. Herbal medicines may represent a safe and useful supplement to existing chemotherapeutic therapies for the management of infectious diseases. Ganoderma has traditionally been used to treat chronic infectious diseases, such as chronic hepatitis and bronchitis in Asia, when it is administered alone or more often in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Preclinical (in vitro and in vivo animal) studies indicate that Ganoderma exhibits a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antiviral activities, whereas data in human beings are scanty. Polysaccharides or triterpenoids from Ganoderma showed activities against Herpes simplex virus, Hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Epstein-Barr virus in vitro or in animal models. Ganoderma species also contain antibacterial constituents inhibiting gram-positive and/or gram-negative bacteria in vitro [9].

The treatment fundamentally utilized based on the Ganotherapy method that introduce by Dr. Lim Siow Jin and also a founder of DXN Pharmaceutical Sdn. Bhd. The company produces 6 types of Ganoderma. The production of Ganoderma using an exact reproduction of the mother plant itself. This is to control on the high quality species is possible. DXN is using this method of Organic Cultivation Method with 100% organic farming, no chemical fertilizer, insecticide, hormone, etc. The mixture to produce used highly nutritional cultivation method, using paddy, brown rice powder etc.

All the production certified by all the necessary approvals from all certification such as KKM, TGA, ISO14001, HACCP, ISO9001, HALAL, GMP and etc. This is to verify the quality and therapeutics properties are well taken care upon production. Currently, more than 180 countries are benefitting from the Ganoderma that exported from Malaysia. Ganoderma is called king of herbs. This can be searched any website due to the high natural contains of essential nutrients.

In the world today, the majority of the population is in the state of “pre-illness” due to environmental pollution, stresses and unhealthy lifestyle such as consuming diets which are high in fats, cholesterol, sugar, salt and chemical additives. Ganoderma has drawn folk’s attention in improving health status in which it could ameliorate ailments and lessen diseases risk [10]. Under these circumstances, it is wise to prevent any deterioration in health rather than seek a cure after illness prevails as the saying goes: “Prevention is better than cure”.

Ganotherapy is one of the holistic approaches to alternative complementary medicine. The essential principle is that our body is the best doctor. Our body immune system when at its optimal condition is able to fight various diseases at one time, knowing the priority and without having side effects. All we see or feel is the reactions as it gets rid of the toxins and cure the illnesses. In Ganotherapy, It uses Ganoderma extracts from the fruit body and its mycelium to gain health.

Ganoderma contains more than 400 bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleosides, proteins, alkaloids, vitamins, minerals and dietary Fiber which are essential nutritional elements to build the body strong and healthy [11]. These Important listed five active elements which are available in Ganoderma for therapeutic benefits are as follows. These five active elements in single herb make Ganoderma a special herb.

The 4 basic principles as being prescribed clearly in the Ganotherapy book [1]. The principles listed as per below.

1) Illnesses are caused by 2 sources; Toxins in our body and disharmony in body functions.

2) Ganoderma does not cure illness, but it helps to balance up our body system and improve immunity against diseases.

3) Any reaction that takes place is caused by our body system and not by the intake of Ganoderma.

4) The dosage of Ganoderma taken is irrelevant to diseases.

All the essential properties are very good in terms benefitting human body to be strengthened and ability to fight diseases. Lots of research done on it and more than 20 thousand research papers, journals has been published worldwide. Figure 1 below explained about all the various components of essential vitamin and minerals contain in Ganoderma.

As an ordinary human being we totally forgot on the system effectively and immunity to fight against any diseases whether it was bacteria or viruses. The body acts as a best doctor by itself (Auto Immune function). Our body immune system when at its optimal condition is able to fight various diseases at one time, knowing the priority and without having side effects. All we see or feel is the reactions as it gets rid of the toxins and cure the illnesses.

The Human system develops from single cell < tissue < organ < system and lastly become a complete human body. It comprises 11 systems of Integumentary,

skeletal, lymphatic, respiratory, muscular, nervous, digestive, urinary, endocrine, cardiovascular and reproductive system.

We must understand if we want to treat a patient, we need to treat the system not the organ itself. The entire organ connected directly to the system and forms a complete human. Hence, if we try to treat the organ itself the other system that connected to that organ will be interrupted and the problem spread to other parts of the system. In Holistic Human System we train and does knowledge transfer to the patients in their system. The patient shall understand how is the system functionalities and how it’s ability to repair itself with the help of the Ganotherapy principles.

Holistic human systems are playing an immense role with the combination of a mixture of alternative medicines such as Ganotherapy. These three main components are a booster to fight any diseases and it is very important to be increased in one of the patients who suffer.

Whole world need to accept that two phrases keep on telling by almost all the doctors neither Modern Allopathic doctors or AM Doctors that the first one is “Body is the best doctors” and the second one is “ Food Medicine”.

There are some quotes by several scientists and famous nutritionist such as:

“Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.”

--Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine 2500 years ago.

“The doctor of the future will no longer treat the human frame with drugs, but rather will cure and prevent disease with nutrition.”

--Thomas Edison, inventor of the light-bulb, world record holder of 1093 patents, founder of GE (General Electric).

Based on the ancient quotes Holistic Medicine already exists in this world 2500 years ago. It seems we all forgot on the outcome and the cures of this Holistic approach. There are lots of people celebrating their 100^rd Birthday every day. They are very strong to live in this world with a strong immune system. 5000 years ago, human was using holistic approach to treat them as a food in their daily life cycle. The way we eat and the way we drink water, everything has been organized properly. If we do some analysis using animals, none of the animals are eating and drinking water at the same time. It’s only eat when it’s feel hungry and only drinks when it feels thirsty, even though fish in the sea also eat without drinking water. You can operate and check whether there is water or not. This is just an example of some research about animal that following a proper way of eating and drinking, not human. By changing this habit, most of the disease can be cured by our body. This is the one of the approaches of knowledge transfer used in this approach called Human Holistic System.

The goal of research in the treatment of viral and bacterial infections is the discovery of agents that specifically inhibit viral and bacterial multiplication without affecting normal cells. The undesired side effects of antibiotics and antiviral and the appearance of resistant and mutant strains make the development of new agents an urgent requirement.

This has led researchers to investigate the antibacterial and antiviral activity of medicinal plants and fungi [6] [13]. Isolation of various water- and methanol-soluble, high-molecular-weight PBPs from Ganoderma showed inhibitory effects on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) New Jersey strain in a tissue culture system. Using the plaque reduction method, a significant inhibitory effect was seen at doses that showed no cytotoxicity [14] [15].

In addition, there was a marked synergistic effect when PBP from Ganoderma was used in tissue culture in conjunction with antiherpetic agents, acyclovir or vidarabine, and with IFN-α [15] [16]. Similar results were shown in HSV-1 and HSV-2 with a GLPG isolated from the mycelia of Ganoderma [17]. The cells were treated before, during, and after infection, and viral titers in the supernatant of cell culture 48 hours post infection was determined. The antiviral effects of the GLPG were more remarkable before viral treatment than after treatment. Although the mechanism was not defined, the authors concluded that GLPG inhibits viral replication by interfering with early events of viral adsorption [18].

Some triterpenes from Ganoderma have also been reported to have an inhibitory effect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease activity, with IC50 values ranging from 20 to more than 1000 μM; however, not all of the examined triterpenes showed anti-HIV activity [19]. In another study, a ganoderic acid isolated from Ganoderma showed inhibitory effects on the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HepG2215 cells (HepG2-HBV-producing cell line) over 8 days. Production of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) were, respectively, 20% and 44% of controls without ganoderic acid treatment [20].

Some small studies in human patients have also reported beneficial effects of lingzhi intake. A dried hot water extract of Ganoderma has taken orally (equivalent to 36 or 72 g of dried mushrooms per day) was used as the sole treatment for postherpetic (varicella zoster virus) neuralgia in 4 elderly patients. This treatment was reported to dramatically decrease pain and promote the healing of lesions, without any toxicity even at very high doses [21]. In another study, a mixture of Ganoderma with other herbs improved recovery time in patients with herpes genitalis (n = 15) and herpes labiallis (n = 13) [22].

For evaluating the antibacterial effects of the mushroom, several in vitro and in vivo animal studies using Ganoderma were performed. Mice injected with Ganoderma extract (2 mg/mouse) 1 day prior to injection with Escherichia coli showed markedly improved survival rates (>80% compared to 33% in controls); [23]. In an in vitro study that used the disk assay [24], a chloroform extract of Ganoderma was investigated for its antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Results showed that the extract had growth-inhibitory effects on two of the gram-positive bacteria with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacilus subtilis. In another in vitro study, the direct antimicrobial effect of a Ganoderma water extract was examined against 15 species of bacteria alone and in combination with 4 kinds of antibiotics [25]. Ganoderma was found to be more effective than antibiotics against E. coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhi, but less effective against other species tested. The antimicrobial combination of Ganoderma with four commonly used antibiotics [25] resulted in an additive or synergistic effect in most, but not all, instances, with apparent antagonism against cefazolin and ampicillin effects on Proteus vulgaris.

To date, the antimicrobial components of the tested crude extracts have not been identified, although antimicrobial polysaccharides have been identified in other fungi and plant terpenes have been reported to have antimicrobial activity [6] [13]. In addition, the bioavailability of putative antimicrobial components of Ganoderma has not been established. Nonetheless, Ganoderma offers a potentially effective therapy. There is also the implication that combination therapy may be more safe and cost effective, as lower amounts of cytotoxic antiviral and antibacterial drugs could be used with a concomitant decrease in the risk of side effects.

The main focus of the treatment as a “FOOD” for the patients and not as the medication allopathic treatment for the COVID 19 patients. Ganoderma can be the first line or second line treatment to knock down the virus and will act as food to strengthen the immune system. There is also some other nature Holistic medication such as Vitamin C therapy, Andrographis paniculata (in Malay Language called “Hempedu Bumi”, In Tamil Language called “Nila Vembu”) and Nigella sativa or Black Cumin (in Malay called Halbata Saudah, In Tamil Language called “Karum Siragam”).

The Combination of these Natural sources to be strengthens the immune system of the patient and non patient for the normal person or Frontline medical personnel.

1) Ganoderma (King of Herbs)

2) Black Cumin (Nigella sativa/Habatas Saudah/Black seed)

3) Andrographis paniculata (Hempedu Bumi)

4) Roselle

This is the combination therapies we can prescribe to the Covid 19 patients and to normal people or medical Frontline people, which can strengthen the immunity and the ability to perform duties and take care patients without any worries.

Nigella sativa (black seed or black cumin), which belongs to the Ranunculacea family, is an annual herb with many pharmacological properties. Among its many active constituents, thymoquinone (TQ) is the most abundant constituent of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa (NS) seeds, and it is the constituent to which most properties of this herb are attributed [26].

As for lower respiratory tract illnesses (LRTI), [26] investigated the antiasthmatic effects of NS boiled extract (50 and 100 mg/kg), theophylline (5 mg/kg), and salbutamol (200 μg) [26]. In that study, 15 asthmatic patients were recruited, and each patient received one of these 4 treatments in random order at intervals of 48 hours for 2 weeks. The results of that study demonstrated that in spite of the fact that both doses of NS boiled extract showed bronchodilatory effects, their efficacies for pulmonary function test (PFT) elevation were less than those of theophylline and salbutamol. The results also revealed the prophylactic effects of NS boiled extract on adult asthmatic patients.

In another study, over a 3-month period, the daily intake of 15 mL/kg of 0.1% NS boiled extract led to more impressive improvements in the PFT parameters and alleviations of the symptoms of asthma than the intake of the placebo solution theophylline and salbutamol [26]. Ahmad et al. conducted a study on 5- to 15-year-old LRTI patients with wheezing and investigated the beneficial impacts of the standard treatment alone and the standard treatment combined with the use of NS oil [27]. The result of this study concluded that the standard treatment when administered with the NS oil (0.1 mg/kg for 14 days) had more beneficial effects in reducing the pulmonary index and improving the peak expiratory flow rate [27].

Infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) often leads to chronic hepatitis, which, in turn, results in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinomas. A study conducted in Egypt on HCV patients demonstrated that ethanolic extracts of NS and Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale), alone and together, had beneficial effects on HCV patients; i.e., their liver function was improved and the viral load was decreased [28]. In that study, a mixture of these extracts was observed to be more effective than each one alone. Patients included in that study were treated with capsules containing 500 mg of NS and/or Z. officinale twice daily for one month. In a similar study, HCV patients received capsules of NS oil (450 mg) three times a day over a 3-month period. That treatment led to the same results reported in Reference [28], i.e., decreased viral load and improved liver function [29].

Onifade et al. confirmed that treatment of a sero-positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected man with NS concoction (10 mL twice/day for six months) resulted in the reduction of the viral load to an undetectable level in 3 months, an elevation of the CD4 count, an alleviation of the symptoms, and a sustained sero-reversion [30]. Similarly, another study conducted by the same author on a sero-positive HIV infected woman revealed the efficacy of NS and honey therapy (10 mL thrice/day for 1 year) for sustained sero-reversion [31]. These effects can be ascribed to the probable virucidal activity of NS [31].

The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterium can cause many diseases, such as peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Infection with H. pylori has a high prevalence worldwide. Salem et al. stated that in a four-week course, the efficacy of NS powder (2 g/day) administered together with omeprazole to eradicate an H. pylori infection in non-ulcer dyspeptic patients was relatively the same as that of triple therapy, although 1 g/day or 3 g/day of NS powder given together with omeprazole was not as effective, indicating that the optimal dose of NS was 2 g/day [30]. (Triple therapy includes clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole).

Some effects of NS, such as its hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and bronchodilatory effects have been sufficiently studied and are sufficiently understood to allow for the next phase of clinical trials or drug developments. In this study, we also reviewed other advantages of NS, e.g., its antimicrobial properties, anti-nociceptive and anti-epileptic impacts, etc. We found that the side effects of this herbal medicine did not appear serious, so it can be applied in clinical trials because most of its major effects have been shown to be beneficial.

In light of the continued popularity of herbal medicine [32], an effective and well-tolerated herbal medication for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections would be a welcome addition to the therapeutic repertoire. The leaves of Andrographis paniculata, popular in Scandinavia as a cold and influenza remedy, are used traditionally in Ayurvedic, Thai and Chinese medicine to treat fever associated with infectious diseases. Pharmacological studies suggest anti-inflammatory [33] [34], antipyretic [35] [36], antiviral [37] and immunostimulatory [38] properties. The aim of this review was to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of Andrographis paniculata in the treatment and prevention of upper respiratory tract infections.

Andrographis paniculata is also very effective herbal medicine to knock down the Dengue Virus. Dengue is caused by any one of four related viruses transmitted by mosquitoes. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent infection with dengue virus and the most effective protective measures are take preventive measures by keeping and maintaining clean environments. Early recognition and prompt supportive treatment can substantially lower the risk of medical complications and death. In this study, the maximum nontoxic dose (MNTD) of the Andrographis paniculata plant was determined by testing the ethanolic extracts against Vero cells in vitro. Antiviral assay based on cytopathic effects denoted by the degree of inhibition upon treating DENV 1-4-infected Vero cells with MNTD of Andrographis paniculata has the most antiviral inhibitory effects. These results were further verified by an in vitro inhibition assay using MTT and RT-PCR, in which 55% - 97% of cell viability were recorded in DENV-1-4-infected cells in different duration. Ethanolic extracts treated with dengue VLs also showed a significant changes which were reflected in RT PCR assay [39].

In conclusion, these data suggest that Andrographis paniculata may be a promising treatment for the alleviation of subjective symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infection and antiviral properties that can eliminate the virus from the body. In addition, short-term treatment, at recommended doses, is associated with few reports of adverse events. In light of the lack of effective therapeutic options for acute upper respiratory tract infection, Andrographis paniculata is an herbal treatment option that is worthy of consideration for further research.

Stated the entire test cases 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia, namely severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) has caused global concern and emergency. There is a lack of effective targeted antiviral drugs, and symptomatic supportive treatment is still the current main treatment for SARI.

Vitamin C is significant to human body and plays a role in reducing inflammatory response and preventing the common cold. In addition, a few studies have shown that vitamin C deficiency is related to the increased risk and severity of influenza infections. Time being Vitamin C that used for medical is synthetically design and less effective for treating the patients. Holistic Medicine suggested live vitamin C from Roselle is purely organic and tested natural. It contains not only vitamin C but lots of essential minerals and trace element with several vitamins and minerals as per Table 1.

The calyces are also rich in vitamins, especially ascorbic acid [40]. Ascorbic acid is an essential dietary component. Various workers have reported variable content, suggesting the type of soil influences its ash and mineral content causing

Sources: [41] [48] [49] [50].

variations within the same species [41] [42] [43] [44]. The antimicrobial activity, antibacterial and cytotoxicity a study in dose-dependent manner has have also been studied [45] [46]. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity on isolated from food, veterinary, and clinical samples have indicated that Roselle extract contains potential antimicrobials in foods [47].