In total, 40 patients were surveyed. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.5. The average age of the patients surveyed was 56, 15 years old with age extremes ranging from 37 to 82 years. The most represented age group was (55 years old at 70 years old (45%). The majority of the 40 patients surveyed (70%) had been diagnosed. Less than 10 years. Nearly three-quarters (3/4) of the patients (72.5%) had a family history of diabetes. Finally, apart from diabetes, 29 of the 40 surveyed (72.5%) had another illness, with high blood pressure in the first place (93.10%).

The survey found that 67.5% of diabetic patients did not have the glucometer. Eighty-four point sixty-one (84.61%) were acquired less than 5 years ago. Of the 1/3 of the patients who had the glucometer, more than half (54%) were able to do the self-glycemic control.

This study showed that 32.5% of respondents checked their blood glucose once a month, followed by those who did it twice a month (27.5%).

Of the 40 patients interviewed, 21% or 52.5% did not know the normal value of blood glucose.

Once blood glucose was high, the most common disposition was taking hypoglycemic drugs (28) (Table 1).

But when the glycemia was low 52.5% of respondents were unaware of the right attitude to observe in case of low glycemia whereas 27.5% were re-regaring. Finally, the most common used measures to maintain the balance of glycemia were: A sugarless diet (33), respect for treatment (30), physical exercise (17) (Table 2).

This study revealed that 33 of the 40 patients surveyed, 82.5% were on oral antidiabetics, 4 were on combination of oral antidiabetics and insulin, and 3 were

on insulin alone. The majority of respondents who were on insulin (86%) were unable to receive the injection. In terms of managing side-effects, 31 or 77.5% of patients said they had never had side-effects; eight patients (20%) consulted a health worker after the treatment was stopped and one (2.5%) patient used self-medication. Skills related to the self-management of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic discomforts.

Of the 40 respondents, almost half (47.5%) often felt hypoglycemia-related discomfort. The most common warning signs of hypoglycemia were vertigo (57, 89%), tremors (52.63%) and hunger (52.63%) as shown in Table 3.

Regarding these signs of hypoglycaemia, patients frequently resorted to resugaring (52.63%) and blood sugar control (26.32%). Hyperglycemic discomforts were often seen by 85% of patients. The most common warning signs of hyperglycemia during the survey were: fatigue (76.47%), polyuria (64.71%), and polydipsia (44.12%) (Table 4).

The taking of hypoglycemic drugs (73.53%), blood sugar control (23.53%) and the consultation of a health care practitioner (23.53%) were common practices to treat these hyperglycemic discomforts.

This study revealed that 60% of patients were male with a sex ratio of 1.5. This male predominance may be due to the fact that men may be less sensitive to insulin than women or tend to store fat around their organs, rather than under the skin as in women. These results are similar to those of the Regional Health Agency (ARS) Île-de-France in the Study of Drug Compliance of Type II Diabetes Patients in September 2016, which found a male predominance of 58% [6] .

In this study, the average age was 56, 15 years with age extremes ranging from 37 to 82 years. The most represented age group was between [age 55 and 70]. These results could be explained by the fact that the risk of diabetes increases with age. These results are in line with those of Fehaima, which, in its study on quality of life and diabetes in Algeria, in 2017, found the average age at 54.19 ± 17.94 years, the most represented age group was that between the ages of 45 and 60 (30%) and the extremes of age ranging from 16 to 86 years [7] and Wanvoegbe et al., who, in their study on the assessment of therapeutic compliance among diabetics in Benin, had a mean age of 54.67 ± 12.69 years [8] .

The majority of respondents (70%) were diagnosed less than 10 years ago. This is explained by the fact that the diagnosis of diabetes is often at a late stage since it is a silent disease. This result is similar to that of Dekkar in Morocco, in 2012, which, in its study on Diabetic Patient Therapeutic Education, had obtained 69% of those diagnosed less than 10 years ago [9] .

Family diabetes was found in 72.5% of our respondents, which is explained by the fact that heredity is a risk factor for diabetes. This result is consistent with that of Mansour in Morocco who, in his thesis on the study of factors, associated with complications in diabetics in 2012 had found 65.63% [10] . This study revealed the notion of comorbidity in 72.5% of respondents and the most common pathology was high blood pressure (93.10%). This predominance of hypertension could be explained by the fact that it is a risk factor for the occurrence of diabetes and vice versa. Fehaima in their study had obtained 55.66% as the comorbidity rate with HTA as the most common pathology (42.45%) [7] .

In this series, 32.5% of the 40 patients had the glucometer. This result is in disagreement with that of Fournier et al. in France in a report concerning: information and education received by diabetics, the educational practices of physicians, as well as the expectations of people with diabetes and doctors in December 2011, which had obtained 99.63% [11] . This discrepancy is explained by the very low socioeconomic level and health coverage by health insurance which is limited to civil servants in Togo (developing country).

Fifty-four percent 54% of those who had the glucometer were able to self-monitor the blood glucose. Fournier et al. had obtained 85% [11] . This is due to the high illiteracy rate in developing countries and especially the lack of therapeutic education.

This study showed that 32.5% of respondents checked blood glucose once a month, 27% did so twice a month. This could be explained by the fact that the majority of the respondents in this study (67.5%) did not have the glucometer, the lack of financial means for regular monitoring of blood glucose, forgetfulness, travel, practical difficulties and lack of knowledge about the importance of regular monitoring of glycemic values. Karter et al. in the United States of America in a study on self-monitoring of blood glucose in 2000, and Lecomte et al. in France in their study on self-monitoring of blood glucose in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes living in France, found respectively 60% of type 1 diabetics who reported a lower ASG frequency than that recommended by the ADA (greater than or equal to 3 times a day) [12] ; and 42% of type 1 diabetic patients and 65% of insulin-treated type 2 diabetics who self-monitored less than 3 times daily [13] .

Among the 40 patients surveyed, 80% often had a glycemic value greater than 1.26 g/l against 20% who maintained it at 1.26 g/l or below, which means that diabetes is poorly-balanced in the patients surveyed. This hyperglycemia is responsible for both metabolic and degenerative complications. In fact, in addition to glycemic control, it is recommended to measure the HbA1c level every 3 to 4 months; given the scarcity of this practice in our hospitals and the cost, this is hardly done. This reality of glycemic imbalance was reported by Dekkar who obtained 72% of patients whose diabetes was poorly-balanced by the control of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c > 7%) [9] , as well as Wanvoegbe and al. obtained glycosylated hemoglobin greater than or equal to 7% in 77% of their respondents [8] .

In this series, 82.5% of the respondents were under oral antidiabetic, 10% were under the combination of insulin and oral antidiabetic and 7.5% under insulin. These results are similar to those of Fehaima, which obtained 36% of patients under oral antidiabetic, 33% under insulin and 29% under the combination of both [7] . These results could be explained by the fact that type 2 diabetes is the most widespread and that the most common treatment is the use of oral antidiabetic of the 17.5% of respondents who were under insulin, only 14% were able to inject insulin. This result contrasts with that of Hamon in a Practice Survey on the technique of injecting insulin in France in 2014, which had obtained 52.4% of patients who were able to be injected [14] . This discrepancy is due to the lack of programs of Therapeutic Education of the Patient and illiteracy in our environment. In a study conducted in Morocco on the factors influencing the use of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetics, at the level of primary health care institutions by Milouda in 2017, the main difficulties related to self-injection reported by the interviewees were mainly physical dependence (inability to fill the syringe and/or injecting insulin), injection pain, hypoglycemic discomfort caused by insulin [15] . Forty percent (40%) of the respondents said they often forgot their medication and the most common causes of this oversight were profession and travel. These results could be explained by the predominance of merchants in our study sample who have to travel from time to time to purchase or sell items. This rate of forgetfulness is in line with that of Dekkar who obtained 44% of those who forgot 1 to 4 times a month [9] .

Forty-seven point five percent (47.5%) of the respondents often felt the discomfort of hypoglycemia. This percentage of respondents who claimed to have perceived hypoglycemic discomfort would be due either to the lack of awareness of hypoglycemic symptoms or to the fact that the diabetes is not balanced in most patients and it is infrequent that they contract it. As a result of these discomforts, patients made frequent use of the re-sugaring and the blood sugar control. (According to the data of the study, the actions to take in case of these symptoms are: to stop any activity, to check if possible the capillary glycaemia to confirm hypoglycemia, to add sugar to one’s diet (3 lumps of sugar or a glass of fruit juice. or two low-teaspoons of jam or honey), investigate the causes to prevent this from happening again and/or to adjust its treatment [16] . The present study also found that 85% of patients often recognized hypoglycaemic discomforts. These results are understandable because the diabetes is not balanced in most patients whereas the glycemia is often high. In case of these discomforts, taking of hypoglycemic medicines consultation and control of blood glucose were common practices. Consequently, authors recommend blood glucose control. If blood sugar is ≥2.50 g/l, and acetone is tested in the urine there is an emergency. In this case, notify the physician or inject insulin as recommended by the physician [16] .