Johnson combined green supply chain management concepts with a balanced scorecard approach to propose environmental performance indicators in the enterprise performance evaluation system [6]. It is pointed out that green supply chain management can further improve corporate performance and achieve business objectives through improvement of environmental performance. Theyel discussed the impact of environmental management practices on environmental innovation and environmental performance, and the analysis shows that environmental management practices can promote environmental innovation and environmental performance of factories [7]. Zhu and Sarkis believed that the most significant result of green supply chain management is to improve environmental performance [8]. Eltayeb et al. analyzed sample data from 569 manufacturing companies in Malaysia and found that eco-design can significantly improve corporate environmental performance [9]. Using data from 85 manufacturing plants in Canada, Hajmohammad et al. discussed the impact of lean management and supply management on green practices and their performance [10]. The results showed that green practices such as ISOI400I certification, pollution prevention and material recycling had significant positive effects on environmental performance. Dai et al. believed that managers adopt environmental management behaviors and enterprises implement green supply chain management can provide a “win-win” situation for enterprises, which can not only improve environmental performance but also improve corporate financial performance [11]. Tseng et al. found that green supply chain management can reduce negative environmental impacts and environmental risks while eliminating waste and improving eco-efficiency, thereby improving environmental performance [12].

Obviously, based on the reduction of pollution to the environment and the waste of resources, the concept of green supply chain management is proposed. Therefore, we can see from the previous research that green supply chain management has a positive impact on improving the environmental performance of enterprises.

Carter et al. used historical data to analyze the impact of environmentally conscious procurement on corporate financial performance [13]. The study found that environmentally conscious procurement has a significant correlation with corporate net profit and product cost. Sarkis used network analysis method to evaluate the strategy of green supply chain management, and pointed out that the concept of green supply chain management can improve the competitive advantage of enterprises, improve the organizational performance of enterprises, reduce production costs and protect the natural environment [14]. Corbett and Klassen found that green supply chain management has a positive impact on business performance [15]. Taking 334 manufacturing enterprises in Dalian, Suzhou and Tianjin as samples, Zhu et al. discussed the relationship between environmentally-oriented supply chain cooperation (green procurement, customer cooperation) and circular economy practice (internal environmental management, ecological design, investment recovery) and their performance [16]. The study found that the higher the level of green procurement execution and customer cooperation, the higher the level of internal environmental management, ecological design and investment recovery, and the better the corresponding environmental performance and economic performance. Green et al. used structural equation modeling to analyze data from 159 manufacturing companies [17]. The research results showed that the application of green supply chain management technology in manufacturing enterprises had a positive impact on environmental performance and economic performance, and would lead to an increase in operational performance, which in turn would lead to an increase in organizational performance.

However, other scholars have found that green supply chain management has a negative impact on the economic performance of enterprises. Horbach et al. believed that green supply chain management will inevitably make a very big change to the existing process, increasing the burden and cost of the enterprise, and will damage the economic interests of the enterprise [18]. Wiengarten et al. analyzed the data of European countries in the GMRG (Global Manufacturing Research Group) from 2006 to 2008 and found that implementing green supply chain management has a negative impact on the economic performance of the supply chain [19]. Miroshnychenko et al. found that the adoption of ISO 14001 has a negative impact on the economic performance of companies [20].

From the above studies, it can be found that the relationship between green supply chain management and enterprise economic performance has been preliminarily studied and explored. However, whether the green supply chain management concept has a positive or negative impact on the economic performance of enterprises, the academic circle has not yet reached a unified conclusion.

Corporate social performance is developed from the theory of corporate social responsibility, which refers to the efforts of enterprises to prevent, limit or correct the negative externalities or broader social problems of their operations, and these problems do not necessarily originate from the enterprises themselves. Corporate social performance is the evaluation result of corporate social responsibility behavior. In the past few decades, the number of papers on corporate social performance related research has increased year by year. It can be seen that corporate social performance has become an important topic in academic research.

Social issues such as product safety and environmental pollution have caused widespread concern among researchers in recent years, and social performance is also considered to be a key factor in green supply chains. Freeman and Gilbert’s research indicates that in addition to pursuing financial performance for shareholders, companies should also assume social responsibility and seek benefits for other stakeholders [21]. Preuss research showed that measures to protect the environment within the enterprise can be transferred to suppliers through procurement functions, which can have a knock-on effect, leading to rapid and profound changes in overall social performance [22]. Eiadat and others believe that implementing a green innovation strategy will help enterprises to win a good social reputation, and this reputation can enable enterprises to establish a first-mover advantage in environmental protection, thereby enhancing the social performance of enterprises [23]. Chiu and Sharfman believe that the social performance of enterprises comes from the various behaviors that promote social responsibility, and the environmentally responsible behaviors of enterprises can increase the social performance of enterprises [24]. Hanim Mohamad Zailani et al. analyzed data from 400 manufacturing companies in Malaysia and found that green procurement and green packaging have a positive impact on social performance [25].

From the above research, it can be seen that the implementation of green supply chain management contributes to the improvement of corporate performance. When enterprises make some environmental protection measures, they are actually fulfilling their social responsibilities and reducing the occurrence of some social problems.