A combinatorial method based on the determination of the averaged weight of permutations controlling the chirality/achirality fittingness of 2
<i>
n
</i>
substitution sites of the monocyclic cycloalkane allows to obtain generalized functional equations for direct enumeration of enantiomers pairs and achiral skeletons of any derivatives of monocyclic cycloalkanes having heteromorphic alkyl substituents with the distinct length
<i>
k
</i>
with the empirical formula
, wherein at least two alkyl groups
of the distinct size
each.
is the number of alkyl radicals
of the system
verifying the relation
. The integer sequences of enantiomer pairs and achiral skeletons are given for substituted derivatives of monocyclic cycloalkane for
<i>
n
</i>
=
3, 4 and
<i>
k
</i>
=
3, 4, 5. The composite stereoisomerism of this particular compound
is
also highlighted.
Enumeration Stereoisomer Chirality Achirality Monocyclic Cycloalkane Order of Alkyl Trees Polyalkylation1. Introduction
From the 1800s to 1870, the enumeration of isomers in chemistry consisted of a manual enumeration based on the so-called “draw and count” method which consists of drawing and counting all the possible molecular structures of a given organic compound in two dimensions or a plan. This exhausting exercise used to expose certain risks of repetition and/or omission of structures, especially for large molecules [1] .
Chemists sorted out these difficulties of enumeration of chemical structures by developing methods and models of enumeration using not only mathematical theories (group theory, graph theory, etc.) but also more and more information technology tools (computers, softwares, etc.). This allowed to first generate several methods of enumeration of the isomers of constitution or function [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] and in a second step of the enumeration of isomers of substitution then the elaboration of the direct formulas of quantitative determination stereoisomers [7] - [16] . Concretely, the computation of the number of stereoisomers of the homopolysubstituted and heteropolysubstituted monocyclic cycloalkane has been the subject of several studies [17] - [22] . Nemba et al. have dealt in this dynamic with the problem of enumeration of substituted monocycloalkanes with homomorphic alkyl substituents [23] and Emadak et al. have enumerated the enumeration of substituted monocyclic cycloalkanes having sterically heteromorphic alkyl substituents of identical k order [24] .
In this work, we are interested in determining the number of enantiomeric pairs and achiral skeletons of cycloalkanes with heteromorphic alkyl substituents of distinct order k. To simplify the language, we will speak of heteropolyalkylation of monocyclic cycloalkane with alkyl radicals of distinct k size. Beyond the direct formulas of computation established, this work highlights, on the one hand, a composite stereoisomerism due to the intrinsic chirality of the alkyl trees and to the extrinsic chirality induced by their positioning or placement on the monocycloalkane, on the other hand, the total number of different stereoisomers increases correlatively with the number of chiral centers present in the molecular graph and finally the concepts of pseudochirality, pseudosymmetry and enantiomeric mirror in the molecules of this family of saturated hydrocarbon compounds is also elucidated.
2. Definitions and Mathematical Formulation2.1. Stereograph Composition of G k γ
Let us consider the system C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ , the empirical
formula of the heteropolyalkylated monocyclic cycloalkane having heteromorphous alkyl substituents including at least two alkyl groups noted R k α = C k α H 2 k α + 1 , having the distinct order, size or length k α , with ( 1 ≤ α ≤ ζ ). m α is the number
of alkyl radicals R k α of the system C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ where ∑ α = 1 ζ m α + m 0 = 2 n .
The molecular composite stereograph G k α of the system
C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ
is obtained by connecting the roots of the graphs of the distinct planted steric trees R k α to the sites or positions of substitution of the stereograph G of the parent molecule of the monocyclic cycloalkane C n H 2 n described in our previous work [24] . The mathematical and graphical interpretations of this composition of the graph G and the graphs R k α to obtain G k α are given respectively by the relation (1) and Figure 1.
G k α = G ∘ R k α ( 1 ≤ α ≤ ζ ) = C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ (1)
G k α is the stereograph of a monocyclic cycloalkane heteropolyalkylated having alkyl radicals R k α of distinct size k. The approach used to enumerate stereoisomers of the system C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ is to first determine
the number of heteromorphic combinations of distinct alkyl radicals of orders k α , with ( 1 ≤ α ≤ ζ ), and then to carry out the product of the latter by the results of the enumeration of the stereoisomers of the homopolysubstituted and/or heteropolysubstituted monocyclic cycloalkane obtained in our previous work [21] [22] [25] .
2.2. Calculation of the Number of Combinations of Heteromorphous Alkyl Radicals of Distinct Size k
According to graph theory, any alkyl radical C k H 2 k + 1 is equivalent to a planted steric tree which may have one or more isomers or stereoisomers including the chiral and achiral forms. sk and pk respectively give the total number and the number of steric trees planted of order k. We recall that the generating functions which give these numbers were established by Robinson et al. [26] in polynomials’
series: s ( x ) = ∑ k s k x k and p ( x ) = ∑ k p k x k for 0 ≤ k ≤ 14 . Values of sk, pkand sk-pk for 0 ≤ k ≤ 18 are computed and compiled in Table 1.
Graphs of planted steric trees ( C k H 2 k + 1 ) can be combined in three sets whose
Value of s<sub>k</sub>, p<sub>k</sub>, and s<sub>k</sub>-p<sub>k</sub> for k ≤ 18
k
sk
pk
sk-pk
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
2
1
1
0
3
2
2
0
4
5
3
2
5
11
5
6
6
28
8
20
7
74
14
60
8
199
23
176
9
551
41
510
10
1533
69
1464
11
4436
122
4314
12
12,832
208
12,624
13
37,496
370
37,126
14
110,500
636
109,864
15
327,420
1134
326,286
16
979,819
1963
977,856
17
2,944,873
3505
2,941,368
18
8,896,515
6099
8,890,416
elements are equivalent to stereoisomers of sterically distinct alkyl radicals, namely:
- Ea+c is the set of chiral and achiral trees of cardinality sk. Elements of Ea+c are pairs of enantiomers and achiral skeletons.
- Ea is the set of achiral trees of cardinality pk. Elements of Ea are achiral skeletons.
- Ec is the set pairs enantiomers of cardinality sk-pk.
From these definitions, we can write the following relations:
| E c + a | = s k , | E a | = p k ⇒ { E c + a = E c ∪ E a E c ∩ E a = ϕ (2)
Considering (2), we have:
| E c + a | = | E c | + | E a | ⇒ | E c | = | E c + a | − | E a | (3)
And consequently | E c | = s k − p k (4)
Table 2 gives us the graphic representation of some distinct sterical trees of size k identified by letters, 1 ≤ k ≤ 5 .
Note that a pair of enantiomers is represented by the same letter whose two stereoisomers are differentiated by the apostrophe.
Graphical representation of some planted trees identified by letters of the alphabet
Size k
Alkyl radicals or planted trees
1
A
2
A
3
A B
4
A B C D D’
5
A B C D E F F’ G G’ H H’
Before calculating the numbers of heteromorphic combinations of distinct alkyl radicals of different order k, we first define the different sets of alkyl radicals of distinct orders k α , with ( 1 ≤ α ≤ ζ ). I R k α is a set constituted of chiral and achiral alkyl radicals having k α carbons. Considering Table 2 illustrating the alkyl radicals of order 1 to 5 below, and assigning k α as an index under each letter corresponding to an alkyl radical having k α carbons, one can set up the following sets:
I R k 1 = I R 1 = { A 1 }
I R k 2 = I R 2 = { A 2 }
I R k 3 = I R 3 = { A 3 , B 3 }
I R k 4 = I R 4 = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4 , D ′ 4 }
I R k 5 = I R 5 = { A 5 , B 5 , C 5 , D 5 , E 5 , E ′ 5 , F , F ′ 5 , G , G ′ 5 }
We can generalize all these sets as follows:
I R k α = { A α , B α , C α , D α , D ′ α , ⋯ , Z α , Z ′ α } .
- I R k α a designates a set formed of alkyl radicals only achiral and having the same order k α .
Example: I R 1 a = { A 1 } , I R 2 a = { A 2 } , I R 3 a = { A 3 , B 3 } , I R 4 a = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 } , I R 5 a = { A 5 , B 5 , C 5 , D 5 , E 5 } , ⋯
- I R k α c means a group consisting of only chiral alkyl radicals and having the same order k α .
Example: I R 4 c = { D 5 , D ′ 5 } , I R 5 c = { F 5 , F ′ 5 , G 5 , G ′ 5 , H 5 , H ′ 5 } , ⋯
- C a r d I R k α = s k α , C a r d I R k α a = p k α and C a r d I R k α c = s k α − p k α .
- A group of substituents or alkyl radicals refers in this chapter to a combination of at least two different substituent types selected from at least two sets of alkyl radicals of order k α different and that composes a substitution.
Example: Heteromorphous substituent groups A1A3 and A1B3 were formed by combining a radical of I R 1 a and one of I R 3 a .
- i is the number of substituent types or alkyl radicals that make up a group of substituents or else i-uples. i α is the number of substituent or alkyl radical of order k α chosen in I R k α , I R k α a or I R k α c such that i α ≤ s k α , p k α or s k α − p k α and ∑ α i α = i .
Example: In the group of heteromorphic substituents A1A3B3, i3 = 2, i1 = 1 and i = 3; in heteromorphous substituent groups A1A3 and A1B3 we have i3 = 1, i1 = 1 and i = 2.
Following these definitions, we can roll out the algorithm of our method of counting the stereoisomers of the molecular system
C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ
as follows by first establishing the formula for calculating the number of substituting group or number of i-uples of letters identifying the alkyl radicals.
The number of i-uples of distinct letters without repetition or groups of substituents taken in I R k α , I R k α a or I R k α c ( 1 ≤ α ≤ ζ ) in such a way that we have i types of heteromorphic substituents of different orders k α and composing a substitution is given respectively by N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α = ∏ α ( s k α i α ) , N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α a = ∏ α ( p k α i α ) and N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α c = ∏ α ( s k α − p k α i α ) .
The number of i-tuples mixed letter representing heteromorphic combinations of chiral and achiral radicals of distinct orders is given by
N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α a + c = N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α − N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α a − N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α c .
Example:
1) Let us determine the number of substituent groups having 2 types of substituents or even 2-ones of letters of which one is taken in I R 3 and in I R 4 .
We have I R 3 = { A 3 , B 3 } , I R 4 = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4 , D ′ 4 } , s 4 = 5 , p 4 = 3 , s 4 − p 4 = 2 , i 4 = 1 , s 3 = 2 , p 3 = 2 , s 3 − p 3 = 0 , i 3 = 1 then
N 3 , 4 = ( 2 1 ) ⋅ ( 5 1 ) = 10
which corresponds to the groups of substituents A3A4, A3B4, A3C4, A3D4, A 3 D ′ 4 ,
B3A4, B3B4, B3C4, B3D4, B 3 D ′ 4 , N 3 , 4 c = 0 , N 3 , 4 a = ( 2 1 ) ⋅ ( 3 1 ) = 6 which corresponds
to the groups of substituents A3A4, A3B4, A3C4, B3A4, B3B4, B3C4. N 3 , 4 a + c = 10 − 6 = 4 which corresponds to the group of substituents A3D4, A 3 D ′ 4 , B3D4, B 3 D ′ 4 .
2) Let us determine the number of substituent groups having 4 substituent types or even 4-tuples of letters of which one is chosen from I R 1 , one in I R 2 and 2 in I R 3 .
We have I R 1 = { A 1 } , I R 2 = { A 2 } and I R 3 = { A 3 , B 3 } ; s 1 = 1 , p 1 = 1 , s 1 − p 1 = 0 , i 1 = 1 , s 2 = 1 , p 2 = 1 , s 2 − p 2 = 0 , i 2 = 1 , s 3 = 2 , p 3 = 2 , s 3 − p 3 = 0 , i 3 = 2 ; N 1 , 2 , 3 = N 1 , 2 , 3 a = ( 1 1 ) ⋅ ( 1 1 ) ⋅ ( 2 2 ) = 1 which is the group de substituents A1A2A3B3, N 1 , 2 , 3 c = 0 , N 1 , 2 , 3 a + c = 0 .
3) Let us determine the number of substituent groups having 6 substituent types or even 6-tuples of letters, one of which is chosen from I R 1 , one in I R 2 , two in I R 3 and two in I R 4 .
We have I R 1 = { A 1 } , I R 2 = { A 2 } , I R 3 = { A 3 , B 3 } and
I R 4 = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4 , D ′ 4 } ;
s 1 = 1 , p 1 = 1 , s 1 − p 1 = 0 , i 1 = 1 , s 2 = 1 , p 2 = 1 , s 2 − p 2 = 0 , i 2 = 1 , s 3 = 2 , p 3 = 2 , s 3 − p 3 = 0 , i 3 = 1 , s 4 = 5 , p 4 = 3 , s 4 − p 4 = 2 , i 4 = 2
We obtain N 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 = ( 1 1 ) ⋅ ( 1 1 ) ⋅ ( 2 2 ) ⋅ ( 5 2 ) = 10 which is the following groups of
substituents: A1A2A3B3A4B4, A1A2A3B3A4C4, A1A2A3B3A4D4, A 1 A 2 A 3 B 3 A 4 D ′ 4 , A1A2A3B3B4C4, A1A2A3B3B4D4, A 1 A 2 A 3 B 3 B 4 D ′ 4 , A1A2A3B3C4D4, A 1 A 2 A 3 B 3 C 4 D ′ 4 ,
A 1 A 2 A 3 B 3 D 4 D ′ 4 ; N 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 a = ( 1 1 ) ⋅ ( 1 1 ) ⋅ ( 2 2 ) ⋅ ( 3 2 ) = 3 is the groups of substituents:
A1A2A3B3A4B4, A1A2A3B3A4C4, A1A2A3B3B4C4; N 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 c = 0 ; N 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 a + c = 10 − 3 = 7 which corresponds to the following groups of substituents: A1A2A3B3A4D4, A 1 A 2 A 3 B 3 A 4 D ′ 4 , A1A2A3B3B4D4, A 1 A 2 A 3 B 3 B 4 D ′ 4 , A1A2A3B3C4D4, A 1 A 2 A 3 B 3 C 4 D ′ 4 , A 1 A 2 A 3 B 3 D 4 D ′ 4 .
2.3. Calculation of the Number of Chiral and Achiral Skeletons of the System C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ
The “stereoisomeric” composition of the system
C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ
results from 1) the nature of alkyl radicals of distinct k-size (chiral or achiral tree) and 2) the manner of attaching or implanting them to the monocycle (chiral or achiral location on the monocycle).
Unlike the polyalkylation of the monocyclic cycloalkane treated by Nemba et al. [23] where we had combinations of alkyl groups of the same order and same steric configuration that is to say homomorphous trees, we perform in this work combinations of heteromorphous alkyl trees having distinct configurations and same order k, chiral (c), achiral (a), or mixed (a + c) which will be planted on the monocyclic cycloalkane. In summary and at the risk of repeating ourselves, we observe that once again we have a composite stereoisomerism due to the intrinsic chirality of the alkylated trees and the extrinsic chirality induced by their position or placement on the monocyclic cycloalkane.
The composite stereoisomerism resulting from the present exercise of heteropolyalkylation of the monocyclic cycloalkane is summarized in Table 3 below.
The different entities of Table 3 integrating the stereospecificity of the heteropolyalkylated monocyclic cycloalkane skeletons are defined as follows:
A c c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) : is the number of chiral stereoisomers composed from chiral alkyls (Chiral Radicals—Chiral Placements);
A a c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) : is the number of achiral stereoisomers compounded from chiral alkyls (Chiral Radicals—Achiral Placements);
Composite stereoisomerism in heteropolyalkylated monocyclic cycloalkanes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.94100-ref23">23</xref>]
Chirality or achirality of the heteropolyalkylated monocycloalkane
Combinations of steric configurations of alkyl radicals
Characteristics of placements m1, …, mg, …, msk alkyl trees
All the radicals combined i to i are chiral
All the radicals combined i to i are achiral
All the radicals combined i to i are achiral and chiral
Chiral placements
Chiral radicals—Chiral placement ( A c c )
Achiral radicals—Chiral placement ( A c a )
Achiral and chiral radicals—Chiral placement ( A c a + c )
Achiral placements
Chiral radicals—Achiral placement ( A a c )
Achiral radicals—Achiral placement ( A a a )
Achiral and chiral radicals—Achiral placement ( A a a + c )
A c a ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) : is the number of chiral stereoisomers composed of achiral alkyl trees (Achiral Radicals—Chiral Placements);
A a a ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) : is the number of achiral stereoisomers compounded from achiral alkyl trees (Achiral Radicals—Achiral Placements);
A c a − c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) : is the number of chiral stereoisomers composed of achiral and chiral alkyl trees (Achiral and chiral radicals—chiral Placements);
A a a − c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) : is the number of achiral stereoisomers composed of achiral and chiral alkyl trees (Achiral and chiral radicals—Achiral Placements).
The number of chiral and achiral stereoisomers of a monocyclic cycloalkane heteropolysubstituted by alkyl groups of distinct orders k is directly obtained from the product of the number of groups of substituents N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α c , N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α a , N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α a + c by the number of chiral placements A c ( n , m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ) and achiral placements A a ( n , m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ) of alkyl trees on the monocyclic cycloalkane of size n.
For this purpose, we recall the results of our recurrence formulas established in previous papers [21] [22] [25] which gives respectively the numbers of chiral and achiral skeletons A c ( n , m ) and A a ( n , m ) of the system C n H 2 n − m X m and also A c ( n , m 1 , m 2 , ⋯ , m i , ⋯ , m q ) and A a ( n , m 1 , m 2 , ⋯ , m i , ⋯ , m q ) of the system C n X m 1 ⋯ Y m i ⋯ Z m q . We can therefore generate relations (5)-(10) which give an inventory of the different varieties of stereoisomers resulting from the heteromorphous polyalkylation of the monocyclic cycloalkane with alkyl trees of distinct order k.
A c c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) = N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α c × A c ( n , m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ) (5)
A a c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) = N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α c × A a ( n , m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ) (6)
A c a ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) = N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α a × A c ( n , m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ) (7)
A a a ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) = N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α a × A a ( n , m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ) (8)
A c a + c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) = N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α a + c × A c ( n , m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ) (9)
A a a + c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) = N k 1 , k 2 , ⋯ , k α a + c × A a ( n , m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ) (10)
Therefore, the total number of chiral skeletons of the system
C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ
is given by:
A c k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) = A c c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) + A a c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) + A c a ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) + A c a + c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) + A a a + c ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) (11)
And the total number of achiral stereoisomers is:
A a k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) = A a a ( n ; m 0 , m 1 , ⋯ , m α , ⋯ , m ζ ; k 1 , ⋯ , k α , ⋯ , k ζ ) (12)
3. Some Examples of Application, Results and Graphical Representations3.1. Number of Stereoisomers of the Heteropolyalkylated Cyclopropane Having Two Heteromorphous Radicals Methyl (i<sub>1</sub> = 1) and Ethyl (i<sub>2</sub> = 1)
We have I R 1 = { A 1 } , I R 2 = { A 2 } ; s 1 = 1 , p 1 = 1 , s 1 − p 1 = 0 , i 1 = 1 , s 2 = 1 ,
p 2 = 1 , s 2 − p 2 = 0 , i 2 = 1 ; N 1 , 2 = N 1 , 2 a = ( 1 1 ) ⋅ ( 1 1 ) = 1 which corresponds to the group of substituents A1A2, N 1 , 2 c = 0 , N 1 , 2 a + c = 0 .
The group of substituents A1A2 induces heteropolyalkylation of type C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 where X = A 1 , Y = A 2 or X = A 2 and Y = A 1 and m 0 + m 1 + m 2 = 6 . The numbers of stereoisomers A a a , A c a , A a c , A c c , A a a + c and A c a + c are respectively obtained from the following formulas:
A a a = N 1 , 2 a × A a , A c a = N 1 , 2 a × A c , A a c = N 1 , 2 c × A a , A c c = N 1 , 2 c × A c , A a a + c = N 1 , 2 a + c × A a and A c a + c = N 1 , 2 a + c × A c .
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 having m 0 ≠ 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 are the same with those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 which have been calculated in our previous paper for n = 3 [21] [22] [25] . They are recalled in the present paper.
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 having m 0 = 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n H 2 n − m X m given in our previous paper for n = 3 [21] [22] [25] .
Using all these data, the inventory of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclopropane having two distinct alkyl trees methyl ( i 1 = 1 ) and ethyl ( i 2 = 1 ) is summarized in Table 4.
Number of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclopropane having two distinct alkyl trees methyl ( i 1 = 1 ) and ethyl ( i 2 = 1 )
m0
m1
m2
A a
A c
A a a
A c a
A a c
A c c
A a a + c
A c a + c
1
1
4
1
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
2
4
2
4
0
0
0
2
2
2
4
7
4
7
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
2
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
2
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
Some graphical representations:
n = 3, m0 = 4, m1 = 1, m2 = 1:
n = 3, m0 = 3, m1 = 2, m2 = 1:
3.2. Number of Stereoisomers of Heteropolyalkylated Cyclobutane Having Two Heteromorphous Radicals Methyl (i<sub>1</sub> = 1) and Ethyl (i<sub>2</sub> = 1)
We have I R 1 = { A 1 } , I R 2 = { A 2 } ; s 1 = 1 , p 1 = 1 , s 1 − p 1 = 0 , i 1 = 1 , s 2 = 1 ,
p 2 = 1 , s 2 − p 2 = 0 , i 2 = 1 ; N 1 , 2 = N 1 , 2 a = ( 1 1 ) ⋅ ( 1 1 ) = 1 which corresponds to the group of substituents A1A2, N 1 , 2 c = 0 , N 1 , 2 a + c = 0 .
The group of substituents A1A2 induces heteropolyalkylation of type C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 with X = A 1 , Y = A 2 or X = A 2 , Y = A 1 and m 0 + m 1 + m 2 = 8 . The numbers of stereoisomers A a a A c a , A a c , A c c , A a a + c and A c a + c are respectively obtained from the following formulas:
A a a = N 1 , 2 a × A a , A c a = N 1 , 2 a × A c , A a c = N 1 , 2 c × A a , A c c = N 1 , 2 c × A c , A a a + c = N 1 , 2 a + c × A a and A c a + c = N 1 , 2 a + c × A c .
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 having m 0 ≠ 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 are the same with those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 which have been calculated in our previous paper for n = 4 [21] [22] [25] . They are recalled and used in the present paper.
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 having m 0 = 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n H 2 n − m X m given in our previous paper for n = 4 [21] [22] [25] .
Using all these data, the inventory of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclobutane having two distinct alkyl trees methyl ( i 1 = 1 ) and ethyl ( i 2 = 1 ) is summarized in Table 5.
Representation of some graphs:
n = 4, m0 = 5, m1 = 2, m2 = 1:
3.3. Number of Stereoisomers of Heteropolyalkylated Cyclopropane Having Two Heteromorphous Radicals Propyl (i<sub>3</sub> = 1) and Butyl (i<sub>4</sub> = 1)
We have I R 3 = { A 3 , B 3 } , I R 4 = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4 , D ′ 4 } , s 4 = 5 , p 4 = 3 , s 4 − p 4 = 2 , i 4 = 1 , s 3 = 2 , p 3 = 2 , s 3 − p 3 = 0 , i 3 = 1 then N 3 , 4 = ( 2 1 ) ⋅ ( 5 1 ) = 10 which corresponds to groups of substituents A3A4, A3B4, A3C4, A3D4, A 3 D ′ 4 , B3A4, B3B4, B3C4, B3D4, B 3 D ′ 4 , N 3 , 4 c = 0 , N 3 , 4 a = ( 2 1 ) ⋅ ( 3 1 ) = 6 which corresponds to the groups of substituents A3A4, A3B4, A3C4, B3A4, B3B4, B3C4 ; N 3 , 4 a + c = 10 − 6 = 4 which corresponds to the group of substituents A3D4, A 3 D ′ 4 , B3D4, B 3 D ′ 4 .
All groups of substituents give heteropolyalkylations of type C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 such as m 0 + m 1 + m 2 = 6 ; with the group de substituents A3B4 for example, we can make the assignment X = A 3 , Y = B 4 or X = B 4 , Y = A 3 . Numbers of stereoisomers A a a , A c a , A a c , A c c , A a a + c and A c a + c are respectively obtained from the following formulas:
Number of stereoisomers of heteropolyalkylated cyclobutane having two distinct alkyl trees methyl ( i 1 = 1 ) and ethyl ( i 2 = 1 )
m0
m1
m2
A a
A a a
A c a
A a c
A c c
A a a + c
A c a + c
6
1
1
3
2
3
2
0
0
0
0
5
2
1
5
8
5
8
0
0
0
4
2
2
14
23
14
23
0
0
0
0
4
3
1
7
14
7
14
0
0
0
0
3
3
2
10
30
10
30
0
0
0
0
2
3
3
10
30
10
30
0
0
0
0
0
7
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
2
4
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
3
3
2
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
7
3
7
3
0
0
0
0
A a a = N 4 a × A a , A c a = N 4 a × A c , A a c = N 4 c × A a , A c c = N 4 c × A c , A a a + c = N 4 a + c × A a and A c a + c = N 4 a + c × A c with N 3 , 4 a = 6 , N 3 , 4 c = 0 and N 3 , 4 a + c = 4 .
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 having m 0 ≠ 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 are the same with those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 which have been calculated in our previous paper for n = 3 [21] [22] [25] . They are recalled in the present paper.
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 having m 0 = 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n H 2 n − m X m given in our previous paper for n = 3 [21] [22] [25] .
Using all these data, the inventory of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclopropane having two heteromorphous radicals propyl ( i 3 = 1 ) and butyl ( i 4 = 1 ) is summarized in Table 6.
Some graphical representations:
n = 3, m0 = 4, m1 = 1, m2 = 1:
Number of stereoisomers of heteropolyalkylated cyclopropane having two heteromorphous radicals propyl ( i 3 = 1 ) and butyl ( i 4 = 1 )
m0
m1
m2
A a
A c
A a a
A c a
A a c
A c c
A a a + c
A c a + c
1
1
4
1
2
6
36
0
0
4
8
1
2
3
2
4
12
24
0
0
8
16
2
2
2
4
7
24
42
0
0
16
28
0
1
5
1
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
4
2
1
12
6
0
0
8
4
0
3
3
2
1
12
6
0
0
8
4
3.4. Number of Stereoisomers of Heteropolyalkylated Cyclobutane Having Two Heteromorphous Radicals Propyl (i<sub>3</sub> = 1) and Butyl (i<sub>4</sub> = 1)
We have I R 3 = { A 3 , B 3 } , I R 4 = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4 , D ′ 4 } , s 4 = 5 , p 4 = 3 , s 4 − p 4 = 2 , i 4 = 1 , s 3 = 2 , p 3 = 2 , s 3 − p 3 = 0 , i 3 = 1 then N 3 , 4 = ( 2 1 ) ⋅ ( 5 1 ) = 10 which corresponds to groups of substituents A3A4, A3B4, A3C4, A3D4, A 3 D ′ 4 , B3A4, B3B4, B3C4, B3D4, B 3 D ′ 4 , N 3 , 4 c = 0 , N 3 , 4 a = ( 2 1 ) ⋅ ( 3 1 ) = 6 which corresponds to the group of substituents A3A4, A3B4, A3C4, B3A4, B3B4, B3C4. N 3 , 4 a + c = 10 − 6 = 4 which corresponds to groups of substituents A3D4, A 3 D ′ 4 , B3D4, B 3 D ′ 4 .
The groups of substituents induce heteropolyalkylation of type C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 such as m 0 + m 1 + m 2 = 8 , with the group de substituents A3B4 for example, we can make the assignment X = A 3 , Y = B 4 or X = B 4 , Y = A 3 .
The numbers of stereoisomers A a a , A c a , A a c , A c c , A a a + c and A c a + c are respectively obtained from the following formulas:
A a a = N 3 , 4 a × A a , A c a = N 3 , 4 a × A c , A a c = N 3 , 4 c × A a , A c c = N 3 , 4 c × A c , A a a + c = N 3 , 4 a + c × A a and A c a + c = N 3 , 4 a + c × A c , with N 3 , 4 a = 6 , N 3 , 4 c = 0 and N 3 , 4 a + c = 4 .
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 having m 0 ≠ 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 are the same with those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 which have been calculated in our previous paper for n = 4 [21] [22] [25] . They are recalled and used in the present paper.
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 having m 0 = 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n H 2 n − m X m given in our previous paper for n = 4 [21] [22] [25] .
Using all these data, the inventory of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclobutane having two heteromorphous radicals propyl ( i 3 = 1 ) and butyl ( i 4 = 1 ) is summarized in Table 7.
Number of stereoisomers of heteropolyalkylated cyclobutane having two heteromorphous radicals propyl ( i 3 = 1 ) and butyl ( i 4 = 1
m0
m1
m2
A a
A c
A a a
A c a
A a c
A c c
A a a + c
A c a + c
6
1
1
3
2
18
12
0
0
12
8
5
2
1
5
8
30
48
0
0
20
32
4
2
2
14
23
84
138
0
0
56
92
4
3
1
7
14
42
84
0
0
28
56
3
3
2
10
30
60
180
0
0
40
120
0
7
1
1
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
6
2
4
1
24
6
0
0
16
4
0
5
3
3
2
18
12
0
0
12
8
0
4
4
7
3
42
18
0
0
28
12
Some graphical representations:
n = 4, m0 = 6, m1 = 1, m2 = 1:
3.5. Number of Stereoisomers of Heteropolyalkylated Cyclopropane Having Heteromorphous Radicals Propyl (i<sub>3</sub> = 2) and Butyl (i<sub>4</sub> = 1)
We have I R 3 = { A 3 , B 3 } , I R 4 = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4 , D ′ 4 } , s 4 = 5 , p 4 = 3 , s 4 − p 4 = 2 , i 4 = 1 , s 3 = 2 , p 3 = 2 , s 3 − p 3 = 0 , i 3 = 2 then N 3 , 4 = ( 2 2 ) ⋅ ( 5 1 ) = 5 which corresponds to groups of substituents A3B3A4, A3B3B4, A3B3C4, A3B3D4, A 3 B 3 D ′ 4 ; N 3 , 4 c = 0 , N 3 , 4 a = ( 2 2 ) ⋅ ( 3 1 ) = 3 which corresponds to groups of substituents A3B3A4, A3B3B4, A3B3C4; N 3 , 4 a + c = 5 − 3 = 2 which corresponds to groups of substituents A3B3D4, A 3 B 3 D ′ 4 .
All those groups of substituents generate heteropolyalkylations of type C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 such as m 0 + m 1 + m 2 + m 3 = 6 ; with the group of substituents A3B3C4 for example, we can make the assignment X = A 3 , Y = B 3 , Z = C 4 ; X = A 3 , Y = C 4 , Z = B 3 ; X = B 3 , Y = A 3 , Z = C 4 ; X = B 3 , Y = C 4 , Z = A 3 ; X = C 4 , Y = A 3 , Z = B 3 ; X = C 4 , Y = B 3 , Z = A 3 . The numbers of stereoisomers A a a , A c a , A a c , A c c , A a a + c and A c a + c are respectively obtained from the following formulas:
A a a = N 3 , 4 a × A a , A c a = N 3 , 4 a × A c , A a c = N 3 , 4 c × A a , A c c = N 3 , 4 c × A c , A a a + c = N 3 , 4 a + c × A a and A c a + c = N 3 , 4 a + c × A c , with N 3 , 4 a = 3 , N 3 , 4 c = 0 and N 3 , 4 a + c = 2 .
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 having m 0 ≠ 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 , m 3 ≠ 0 are the same with those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 which have been calculated in our previous paper for n = 3 [21] [22] [25] . They are recalled in the present paper.
The numbers of stereoisomers of position A a and A c of C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 having m 0 = 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 , m 3 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 given in our previous paper for n = 3 [21] [22] [25] .
Using all these data, the inventory of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclopropane having two heteromorphous alkyl trees butyl ( i 4 = 1 ) and propyl ( i 3 = 2 ) is tabulated in Table 8.
Representation of some graphs:
n = 3, m0 = 0, m1 = 4, m2 = 1, m3 = 1:
3.6. Number of Stereoisomers of Heteropolyalkylated Cyclobutane Having Heteromorphous Radicals Propyl (i<sub>3</sub> = 2) and Butyl (i<sub>4</sub> = 1)
We have I R 3 = { A 3 , B 3 } , I R 4 = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4 , D ′ 4 } , s 4 = 5 , p 4 = 3 , s 4 − p 4 = 2 , i 4 = 1 , s 3 = 2 , p 3 = 2 , s 3 − p 3 = 0 , i 3 = 2 then
Number of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclopropane having two heteromorphous alkyl trees butyl ( i 4 = 1 ) and propyl ( i 3 = 2 )
m0
m1
m2
m3
A a
A c
A a a
A c a
A a c
A c c
A a a + c
A c a + c
1
1
1
3
0
10
0
30
0
0
0
20
1
1
2
2
2
14
6
42
0
0
4
28
0
1
1
4
1
2
3
6
0
0
2
4
0
1
2
3
2
4
6
12
0
0
4
8
0
2
2
2
4
7
12
21
0
0
8
14
N 3 , 4 = ( 2 2 ) ⋅ ( 5 1 ) = 5 which corresponds to groups of substituents A3B3A4, A3B3B4, A3B3C4, A3B3D4, A 3 B 3 D ′ 4 ; N 3 , 4 c = 0 , N 3 , 4 a = ( 2 2 ) ⋅ ( 3 1 ) = 3 which corresponds to the groups of substituents A3B3A4, A3B3B4, A3B3C4; N 3 , 4 a + c = 5 − 3 = 2 which corresponds to groups of substituents A3B3D4, A 3 B 3 D ′ 4 .
All those groups of substituents generate heteropolyalkylations of type C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 such as m 0 + m 1 + m 2 + m 3 = 8 ; with the group de substituents A3B3C4 for example, we can make the assignment X = A 3 , Y = B 3 , Z = C 4 ; X = A 3 , Y = C 4 , Z = B 3 ; X = B 3 , Y = A 3 , Z = C 4 ; Z = B 3 , Y = C 4 , Z = A 3 ; X = C 4 , Y = A 3 , Z = B 3 ; X = C 4 , Y = B 3 , Z = A 3 .
The numbers of stereoisomers A a a , A c a , A a c , A c c , A a a + c and A c a + c are respectively obtained from the following formulas:
A a a = N 3 , 4 a × A a , A c a = N 3 , 4 a × A c , A a c = N 3 , 4 c × A a , A c c = N 3 , 4 c × A c , A a a + c = N 3 , 4 a + c × A a and A c a + c = N 3 , 4 a + c × A c where N 3 , 4 a = 3 , N 3 , 4 c = 0 and N 3 , 4 a + c = 2 .
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 having m 0 ≠ 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 , m 3 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 which have been calculated in our previous paper for n = 4 [21] [22] [25] . They are recalled in the present paper.
The numbers of stereoisomers of position A a and A c of C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 having m 0 = 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 , m 3 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 calculated in our previous paper for n = 4 [21] [22] [25] .
Using all these data, the inventory of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclobutane having heteromorphous radicals propyl (i3 = 2) and butyl (i4 = 1) is summarized in Table 9.
3.7. Number of Stereoisomers of Heteropolyalkylated Cyclopropane Having Heteromorphous Radicals Butyl (i<sub>4</sub> = 2) and Pentyl (i<sub>5</sub> = 2)
We have I R 4 = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4 , D ′ 4 } , I R 5 = { A 5 , B 5 , C 5 , D 5 , E 5 , E ′ 5 , F , F ′ 5 , G , G ′ 5 } , s 4 = 5 , p 4 = 3 , s 4 − p 4 = 2 , i 4 = 2 , s 5 = 11 , p 5 = 5 , s 5 − p 5 = 6 , i 5 = 2 ;
Number of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclobutane having heteromorphous radicals propyl ( i 3 = 2 ) and butyl ( i 4 = 1 )
m0
m1
m2
m4
A a
A c
A a a
A c a
A a c
A c c
A a a + c
A c a + c
1
1
1
5
6
18
18
54
0
0
12
36
1
1
2
4
9
48
27
144
0
0
18
56
1
1
3
3
12
64
36
192
0
0
24
128
1
2
2
3
14
98
42
294
0
0
28
196
2
2
2
2
30
150
90
450
0
0
60
300
0
6
1
1
3
2
9
6
0
0
6
4
0
5
1
2
5
8
15
24
0
0
10
16
0
4
2
2
14
23
42
69
0
0
28
46
0
4
3
1
7
14
21
42
0
0
14
28
0
3
3
2
10
30
30
90
0
0
20
60
N 4 , 5 = ( 5 2 ) ⋅ ( 11 2 ) = 550 ; N 4 , 5 c = ( 2 2 ) ⋅ ( 6 2 ) = 15 which corresponds to groups of substituents D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 F ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 G 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 G ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 H 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 H ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F ′ 5 G 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F ′ 5 G ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F ′ 5 H ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F ′ 5 H ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G 5 G ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G 5 H 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G 5 H ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G ′ 5 H 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G ′ 5 H ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G 5 H ′ 5 ; N 4 , 5 a = ( 3 2 ) ⋅ ( 5 2 ) = 30 ; N 4 , 5 a + c = 550 − 30 − 15 = 505 .
All the groups of substituents generate heteropolyalkylations of type C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 such as m 0 + m 1 + m 2 + m 3 + m 4 = 6 ; with the group de substituents A4B4C5D5 for example, we can make the assignment X = A 4 , Y = B 4 , Z = C 5 , U = D 5 ; X = A 4 , Y = C 5 , Z = D 5 , U = B 4 ; X = B 4 , Y = A 4 , Z = D 5 , U = C 5 and so on. The numbers of stereoisomers A a a , A c a , A a c , A c c , A a a + c and A c a + c are respectively obtained from the following formulas:
A a a = N 4 , 5 a × A a , A c a = N 4 , 5 a × A c , A a c = N 4 , 5 c × A a , A c c = N 4 , 5 c × A c , A a a + c = N 4 , 5 a + c × A a and A c a + c = N 4 , 5 a + c × A c , with N 4 , 5 a = 30 , N 4 , 5 c = 15 , N 4 , 5 a + c = 505 .
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 having m 0 ≠ 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 , m 3 ≠ 0 ; m 4 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 V m 5 determined in our previous paper for n = 3 [21] [22] [25] .
The numbers of stereoisomers of position A a and A c of C 3 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 having m 0 = 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 , m 3 ≠ 0 , m 4 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 also derived in our previous paper for n = 3 [21] [22] [25] .
Using all these data, the inventory of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclopropane having heteromorphous alkyl trees butyl ( i 4 = 2 ) and pentyl ( i 5 = 2 ) is summarized in Table 10.
Number of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclopropane having heteromorphous alkyl trees butyl ( i 4 = 2 ) and pentyl ( i 5 = 2 )
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
A a
A c
A a a
A c a
A a c
A c c
A a a + c
A c a + c
1
1
1
1
2
0
30
0
900
0
450
0
15,150
0
1
1
1
3
0
10
0
300
0
150
0
5050
0
1
1
2
2
2
14
60
420
30
210
1010
7070
3.8. Number of Stereoisomers of Heteropolyalkylated Cyclobutane Having Heteromorphous Radicals Butyl (i<sub>4</sub> = 2) and Pentyl (i<sub>5</sub> = 2)
We have I R 4 = { A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4 , D ′ 4 } , I R 5 = { A 5 , B 5 , C 5 , D 5 , E 5 , E ′ 5 , F , F ′ 5 , G , G ′ 5 } , s 4 = 5 , p 4 = 3 , s 4 − p 4 = 2 , i 4 = 2 , s 5 = 11 , p 5 = 5 , s 5 − p 5 = 6 , i 5 = 2 ;
N 4 , 5 = ( 5 2 ) ⋅ ( 11 2 ) = 550 ; N 4 , 5 c = ( 2 2 ) ⋅ ( 6 2 ) = 15 which corresponds to groups of substituents D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 F ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 G 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 G ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 H 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F 5 H ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F ′ 5 G 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F ′ 5 G ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F ′ 5 H 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 F ′ 5 H ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G 5 G ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G 5 H 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G 5 H ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G ′ 5 H 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 G ′ 5 H ′ 5 , D 4 D ′ 4 H 5 H ′ 5 ; N 4 , 5 a = ( 3 2 ) ⋅ ( 5 2 ) = 30 ; N 4 , 5 a + c = 550 − 30 − 15 = 505 .
All the groups of substituents generate heteropolyalkylations of type C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 such as m 0 + m 1 + m 2 + m 3 + m 4 = 8 ; with the group de substituents A4B4C5D5 for example, we can make the assignment X = A 4 , Y = B 4 , Z = C 5 , U = D 5 ; X = A 4 , Y = C 5 , Z = D 5 , U = B 4 ; X = B 4 , Y = A 4 , Z = D 5 , U = C 5 and so on. The numbers of stereoisomers A a a , A c a , A a c , A c c , A a a + c and A c a + c are respectively obtained from the following formulas:
A a a = N 4 , 5 a × A a , A c a = N 4 , 5 a × A c , A a c = N 4 , 5 c × A a , A c c = N 4 , 5 c × A c , A a a + c = N 4 , 5 a + c × A a and A c a + c = N 4 , 5 a + c × A c , with N 4 , 5 a = 30 , N 4 , 5 c = 15 , N 4 , 5 a + c = 505 .
The numbers of stereoisomers corresponding to placements or positions A a and A c of C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 having m 0 ≠ 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 , m 3 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 V m 5 which have been calculated in our previous paper for n = 4 [21] [22] [25] . They are recalled in the present paper.
The numbers of stereoisomers of position A a and A c of C 4 H m 0 X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 having m 0 = 0 , m 1 ≠ 0 , m 2 ≠ 0 , m 3 ≠ 0 are equivalent to those of the system C n X m 1 Y m 2 Z m 3 U m 4 calculated in our previous paper for n = 4 [21] [22] [25] .
Using all these data, the inventory of stereoisomers of the heteropolyalkylated cyclobutane having heteromorphous radicals butyl ( i 4 = 2 ) and pentyl ( i 5 = 2 ) is summarized in Table 11.
4. Conclusion
The combinatorial method developed in the present paper makes it possible to
Number of stereoisomers of heteropolyalkylated cyclobutane having heteromorphous radicals butyl ( i 4 = 2 ) and pentyl ( i 5 = 2 )
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
A a
A c
A a a
A c a
A a c
A c c
A a a + c
A c a + c
1
1
1
1
4
6
102
180
3060
90
1530
3030
51,510
1
1
1
2
3
12
204
360
6120
180
3060
6060
103,020
1
1
2
2
2
18
306
540
9180
270
4590
9090
154,530
0
1
1
1
5
6
18
180
540
90
270
3030
9090
0
1
1
2
4
9
48
270
1440
135
720
4545
24,240
0
1
1
3
3
12
64
360
1920
180
960
6060
32,320
0
1
2
2
3
14
98
420
2940
210
1470
7070
49,490
0
2
2
2
2
30
150
900
4500
450
2250
15,150
75,750
directly enumerate enantiomeric pairs and achiral skeletons of the heteropolyalkylated monocyclic cycloalkane R k α = C k α H 2 k α + 1 of which at least two noted alkyl groups each has a distinct order k α ( 1 ≤ α ≤ ζ ) . m α is the number of alkyl
radicals R k α in the system C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ satisfying the relationship ∑ α = 1 ζ m α + m 0 = 2 n . This procedure has already been successfully applied
by Nemba and Balaban for the case of homomorphic heteropolyalkylation [23] and its advantage is to bypass the Polya method [3] which first requires deriving the cycle index in accordance with symmetry and permutation group of the molecular system and then transform the cycle index into a generating function of the order 2n before continuing with the composition of the graphs to obtain the
results of the system C n H m 0 ( R k 1 ) m 1 ⋯ ( R k α ) m α ⋯ ( R k ζ ) m ζ . In this work, we have
used the basic concepts of permutation group theory and algebraic combinatorics as tools to highlight the chirality and adequacy of achirality induced by composition of molecular systems through heteromorphic polyalkylation. The number of stereoisomers of this family of compounds evolves exponentially as a function of the number of asymmetric carbons of the molecular system carried not only by the radicals but also by the monocyclic cycloalkane. It is worth remembering that the compounds of this family of hydrocarbons serve as starting materials for extensive kinetic and mechanistic studies, while others are used successfully for important applications such as the manufacture of hydrocarbon resins and other chemicals. Hence the interest of the present scientific contribution.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education of the Republic of Cameroon through the modernization research allowances. Authors also thank the University of Yaounde’ I and High Teacher Training College (Cameroon) for the use of their infrastructural facilities.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Cite this paper
Emadak, A., Ndassa, I.M., Makon, B.T., Patouossa, I. and Nemba, R.M. (2019) Enumeration of Stereoisomers of Chiral and Achiral Derivatives of Monocyclic Cycloalkanes Having Heteromorphous Alkyl Substituents with Distinct Length k. Computational Chemistry, 7, 72-93. https://doi.org/10.4236/cc.2019.73006
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, wherein at least two alkyl groups 
of the distinct size 
each. 
is the number of alkyl radicals 
of the system 
verifying the relation 
. The integer sequences of enantiomer pairs and achiral skeletons are given for substituted derivatives of monocyclic cycloalkane for
<i>
n
</i>
=
3, 4 and
<i>
k
</i>
=
3, 4, 5. The composite stereoisomerism of this particular compound
is
also highlighted.