The leaves of plant collected from trees growing at the river side park at Samarra city, Iraq of the mature leaves during the spring season. Fresh materials of each plant were washed under running water in order to get rid of the dirt, insects and plankton. The samples were air dried in the laboratory for seven days under room condition and later in the electric oven for 2 days at 40˚C [13] . The dried material was then pulverized using a blender (electric mixer) to obtain powder forms of each sample. The powder was collected, and kept in clean and sterile sealed glass jars.

The present study engaged a modification of Wang and Cao [14] . Fifty gram (50 g) powder obtained from the oven-dried samples of each plant obtained from the oven dried samples was put into 1000 ml glass beaker and treated by drenching with 500 ml of the selected solvent. After the treatment the beakers were covered with aluminum foil and transferred into a water bath (60˚C) and shaken (100/min) for 5 - 6 hours to get uniform homogenous solutions. Following these treatments, the samples were left overnight in the lab at 27˚C ± 2˚C, and later filtered through two layers of cheese-cloth gauze and Whatman No.2 filter paper. The filtrates were subjected to evaporation using a rotary evaporator at 60˚C to remove the solvent. The dark spongy materials were dried in an oven at 37˚C for two days. The dried material was collected and stored in small sterilized screw-capped glass bottles and kept in the refrigerator at 4˚C for later use.

Crude plant extract was subjected to a phytochemical test using the methods by [15] to test for alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids as a preliminary step for diagnosing bioactive compound(s) responsible for anti-fungal activity.

Ethanolic crude extracts of the plant were fractionated with six different solvents ranging from non-polar to polar by using methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, water, chloroform and acetone as earlier performed by [16] , although with some modification in solvent types. The Ethanolic crude extracts (10 gm per samples) were divided between water and hexane (400 ml, 1:1) in a superstation funnel. The water layer was further washed with ethyl acetate and acetone (200 ml:200 ml). Ethyl acetate and acetone layers were concentrated under a vacuum below 40˚C to give fractions to ethyl acetate and acetone. Residue from the water soluble layer produced the water fraction. Hexane fraction was further partitioned between 90% aqueous methanol (200 ml) and chloroform (200 ml). Chloroform and aqueous methanol layers were separately evaporated under a vacuum for the dryness to give the of the soluble residue fractions. Residue from the hexane soluble layer caused the hexane fraction.

The samples were collected in clean and sterile glass bottles (250 ml). After that, the solutions were filtered through two layers of cheese-cloth gauze and Whatman (No. 2) filter paper before the filtrates were subjected to evaporation using a rotary evaporator at 32˚C to remove the solvents. The dark spongy materials were dried in an oven at 37˚C for two days. The dry yield of the materials was collected in glass bottles and kept at 4˚C for 24/hours for further studies.

The Rf value or retention factor of each spot was determined by dividing the distance travelled by the product by the total distance travelled by the solvent (the solvent front). These values depend on the type of solvent used to determine the numbers of the compounds for each solvent on the TLC plate. The fractions with similar Rf values were pooled together and labeled accordingly [17] .

Fractions that have been collected and developed in TLC were used in the antifungal bioassay of antifungal. A serial (5, 10, 20, 40, 130, 260, 390 and 520 mg/L) Dilution method was applied to determine the MIC of the extracts. Negative control was performed with the DMSO (95.5%). The Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) was taken as the lowest concentration that prevented fungal growth to determine the antifungal activity of the fractions. 0.1 ml of each of the isolated fungi having a spore suspension (conc.1 × 106 spores/ml⁻¹) was added by pipette to the centre of the amended PDA extracts. Inoculated plates were incubated at 25˚C for 7 days. The Petri-dishes inoculated with water served as control. Colony diameter was determined by measuring the average radial growth using a common metric plastic ruler [18] . The inhibition zone was measured using the formula:

Inhibition Zone = [(Test-control)/control × 100] (1)

Toxicity activity of the bioactive compound(s) from the best fraction following same method was subjected LC₅₀. 50 mg of Artemia salina (Leach) eggs were added to a 100 mL conical flask containing 75 mL sea water. The conical flask was kept in a clean and sterile chamber under room condition for 48 hrs for the eggs to hatch into shrimp larvae. Ten clean and sterile 50 ml conical flasks were used for the BTS evaluation. 20 hatched larvae were added with scapula into each flask containing 45 mL of sea water. 1 ml of each of the 8 dilutions (640, 320, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10 and 5 mg/L) was then added with a pipette to each flask and the samples were observed for 48 hr for 50% mortality of the larvae. The percentage of lethality of the brine shrimp larvae was calculated for each concentration [19] formula as follows:

The experiment was done in 3 replicate using CRD and regression analysis for mortality (%) was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 (Probity method analysis) following method [20] .

Tests were carried out in the Centre of Biochemical Research at the School of Pharmacy, University Sains Malaysia (USM). LC analysis was conducted on a LC Perkin-Elmer-Clarus-500 with MS Perkin-Elmer-Clarus-500 [Column: Elite-1, 30.25 mm × 1 μmdf under certain conditions which include: a constant flow of 1.3 ml/min; initial inlet temperature of 80˚C ramped to 280 - 200˚C/min after a 30 seconds delay; an injection volume of 5 ml (LVI) on a Carbofrit plug in the liner with an open purge valve (30:1 split ratio) for 24/seconds and closed for 3.5 minutes and opened again (30:1) until the end of the run; oven temperature program at 75˚C for 3 mins, and 25˚C/min ramp to 180˚C followed by a 5˚C/min ramp to 300˚C and held for 3 mins (total run time: 34.2 mins).

The mass detector consists of a Turbo mass gold-Perkin Elmer Software with a turbo mass. The MS instrument transfer line temperature was 240˚C with 230˚C ion trap and 120˚C manifold temperatures. The MS Programme utilized was a library used NIST Version-Year 2005. The Inlet line temperature was 200˚C along with a source temperature of 200˚C. The features of the MS instrument include electron energy of 70 eV, mass scan of 45 - 450 m/z, and total MS running time of 36 min. The individual constituents showed by GC were identified by comparing their MS with standard compounds of NIST library. The fragmentation data of known compounds were compared with the data available on the library machine and/or online. The molecular weight, molecular formula and composition percentage of the sample material was recorded.

To determine identity of potential general compounds in crude extract from Populus euphratica L., (Table 1) phytochemical tests were conducted on the ethanol extract and the results presented in Table 1. Qualitative analysis carried out for the ethanol extract of Populus euphratica L. showed the presence of four major groups of phytochemical constituents; glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic and tannins. Further purification and identification of bioactive compound were done using various chromatography and spectrometry methods.

The preliminary test of constituent fractions using the Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) method was carried out on the extract obtained from ethanolic crude form of Populus euphratica L., in order to determine the best solvent system for separating its various fractions and the best ratio of solvent mixture needed. The retention factors (R_f) of the compounds of the crude extract of Populus euphratica L. are shown in Table 1. Result of the TLC profile of the two solvent systems [(S1; ethanol; chloroform, benzene ECB (18; 2; 2 v/v for non polar)] and [(S2; Methanol/water/ethyl acetate EMW (10; 1.35.1 v/v for polar)]

*Presence +, High Presence ++, Absence −.

under UV illumination, showed that a large compound was present in S1 solvent system, thereby indicating large qualitative and quantitative differences compared to S2. TLC chromatogram of the crude extracts examined under UV light (254 nm) specifies the profile of compounds extracted by the following solvents; methanol, ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, water, chloroform and acetone, resulting to11 compounds in S1 system development of TLC.

The R_f value, or retention factor, of each spot was determined by dividing the distance traveled by the product by the total distance traveled by the solvent (the solvent front). These values depend on the solvent used to determine the number of compounds for each solvent. The fractions with similar R_f values were pooled together and labeled accordingly. The chemical compounds of the plant extracts determined using TLC showed that the ethanol extract recorded higher number of compounds (8) compared to the other solvents used for extraction (S1/EMW). Water and methanol extracts showed only one compound in the solvent system (S1). Ethyl acetate, acetone and chloroform indicated 4 - 5 compounds while hexane showed two compounds only. The retention factors had a wide range for ethanol which was the major compound isolated by solvent (S2). Methanol/water/ethyl acetate EMW recorded 5 compounds. All other solvents recorded less than ethanol with a range of compounds between 2 and 3 as shown in Table 2.

The ethanol extracts recorded significantly higher inhibitory effect compared with other solvents. Ethanol had the highest antifungal activity and gave low MIC for Penicillium digitum, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium sp. (6.25, 12.5 and 12.5 mg/L respectively), thus making it the best compound with high antifungal activity. In contrast, water, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate had the lowest antifungal activity and recorded inhibition values ranging from 50 to 100 mg/L. Furthermore, methanol and acetone showed noteworthy antifungal effects with MIC values reaching 25 mg/L. The variations in the number of fractions in this study could be due to the type of extract, solvent system and technique adopted. Also, difference in the number of compounds between solvent system S1 and S2 may beattributed to the chemical composition of the crude extracts. Ethanol extract reported by [21] yielded nine fractions, which were higher than those in the present study, while [22] isolated 16 fractions of Aloe vera L. using ethanolic solvent in the extraction process. Depending on the best solvent ethanol solvent was selected for next fractions

Sixteen fractions were isolated from ethanol extract using Column Chromatography (Silica gel). The fractions were isolated and tested for antifungal activity to determine bioactive (s) compound response to inhibition. One fraction (FC7) obtained from the ethanol extract of Populus euphratica showed maximum antifungal activity against the test organisms with a value of 0.390 mg/L (Table 3). Fractions: FC1, FC4, FC5, FC9. FC11, FC12 and FC15 recorded weak antifungal activity while the other fractions (FC2, FC3, FC6, FC8, FC10, FC13, FC14 and FC16) showed no activity.

The fraction with maximum antifungal activity from ethanol extract (FC7) showed no variations in inhibition zones against pathogens tested (P ≤ 0.05). Maximum antifungal activity against fungal species, Penicillium digitum, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium sp. recorded 100% fungal inhibition (Table 4 and Figure 1). Cowan [23] , found significant antimicrobial effects of ethanol extracts on leaves of 11 plant species. Among the plant tested, ethanol extract showed the strongest activity against all test microorganisms with the best MIC (4 mg/L). In study of [24] [25] found that ethanol solvent was more efficient than other solvents in extracting phytochemicals from plant materials. In contrast [26] [27] reported that bacteria were not susceptible to ethanol plant extract. Based on results

*+++ = maximum antibacterial activity, + = Weak activity, − = No activity.

of the study which showed that the ethanol fraction gave a large number compounds (7), a lower MIC (3.125 mg/L) was adopted to isolate the active compound. The fraction was subjected to further purification and isolation using column chromatography.

Bioassay test were conducted against Penicillium digitum, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium sp for sub fractions FC7-1 and FC7-2. FC7-1 showed very high fungal inhibition activity (100%) against all pathogens while FC7-2 showed weak any effect on the fungal inhibition zone (Table 4).

In addition, Bioassay toxicity using shrimp lethally test (LC₅₀) was carried out (Figure 1), with the result showing 4.1 mg/L. Toxicity category for the plant used in LC₅₀ test was identified based on [28] , than LC₅₀ value 2 - 20 mg/L is low toxic to humans and animals and can be used safely.

The active compound isolated of the Populus euphratica L. using Liquid Colman Mass Chromatography showed a molecular ion M+ peak at m/z = 311 corresponding to the molecular 535.3276 formula C₃₀H4₈O₈ for active biocompound. It was identified as Alpha D-Glycoside (Table 5).

Flavonols glycosides compound isolated from Cerbera manghas from the leaves and fruit, seeds and roots showed a significant level as anti-cancer [29] [27] . Phenylethanoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides are examples of common occurrence in the many plant species. Within the family of Lamiaceae, compounds occur in a number of other genera, including Caryopteris, Eremostachys, Faradaya, Lamium, Leonurus, Marrubium, Prostanthera, Oxera, Scutellaria and Stachys [30] . Antifungal action reported in this study supports previous works [27] , which explained that these glycoside compounds (phenylethanoid, forsythoside, verbascoside and styrlpyrone glycosides) isolated from leaves of Phlomis lanceolata L. and Senecio mannii L. (Asteraceae) possessed considerable antifungal and antibacterial characteristics.

Many compounds such as 17βH-neriifolin, 14β (H) steroid and benzoic acid glycosides were isolated from cerebra species using liquid chromatography (LC-MS) and gas chromatography (GC-MS) techniques as anti-cancer. This data is similar to studies reviewed in the literature [31] [32] [33] .

Fragmentation data of compound was compared to the data already available in the library and/or online on the use of LC/UV/MS and LC/MNR for structural identification of natural product (International Laboratory USA, 2012, sigma aldrich Malaysia, 2012 and BiSSC at Multiple Substructure Search). Structural, elemental and mass composition (g/mol) of C30H48O8 (FC7-1) expanded in Figure 2.

ALPHA-D-GLUCOSIDE has been isolated from Populus euphratica L has potential to be used as an alternative to fungicide. The glucoside biocompound could be studied further mainly on its isolation and characterization for antimicrobial activity in other microbes such as bacteria, virus, and mycoplasma in other disciplines.