The current paper aims to explore a set of internet financial reporting (IFR) among the technology-organization-environment (TOE) model, by the financial institutions in the Libya context. The conceptual framework, and the corporate governance factor and other relationships proposed in the review process to explore the confirmation of the impact of the proposed framework. The discussion with reference to particular financial institutions has some common characteristics that unite their assessment in terms of the government sector. There are many relationships between the three factors technological, organizational, and environmental factors considered. It is important to combine these factors to define their significance in a complete future study. The existing paper suggests a practical framework for the study of the most significant factors, influencing the potential relationship between TOE model and IFR adoption in a clear signal that it has not been studied before in the Libyan context, directly giving the clear signs of such future study, especially in the context of Libya.
Technology Organization Environment (TOE) Model Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) Financial Institutions Libya1. Introduction
The Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework, has been studied in several previous experimental studies, which examined the various information systems, in various disciplines such as electronic business in the financial services industry business, and technology electronic and online for small businesses and medium [1] . Recently, in the adoption of IFR operations [2] , purchase eBook [3] , and green information technology [4] , and with ERP adoption system [5] , the information technology witnessed significant changes especially by the end of the twentieth century [6] . However, the use of the internet for financial reporting is considered a new phenomenon but rapidly growing [7] . However, an unexpected financial scandal in a country can affect others. After the global financial scandals and the financial crisis in 2008, companies began to pay more attention to improving their ability [8] . Therefore, the demand has increased for the acquisition of the technology in a timelier and transparent financial reporting, and use technology successfully for various forms of business communication and financial reporting [9] .
The technology makes the border between all countries disappear [10] . Internet technology has revolutionized the growing number of companies to disclose their financial activities by using website [11] . Based on the company usually exposes the activity via online such as financial reporting, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility (CSR), strategic information, and timeliness, interactivity with the user, navigability and web structure [12] . The Internet is also absorbing, especially with regards to presentation, disclosure and financial reporting [13] .
The main objective of the current paper is to explore a conceptual framework regarding the TOE model to adopt IFR in Libya financial institutions reporting, to provide useful information to the financial reporting users, and understanding the TOE model in its conceptual framework indicates that the preparation of financial reports should provide useful information to investors, creditors, and others. In addition, the proposed framework for TOE and IFR is to enhance the meeting the demands of stakeholders to increase the speed and volume of transparent financial information in a timely manner.
2. Literature Review2.1. Internet Financial Reporting (IFR)
In the past 30 years, literature has been highlighted in relation to the financial report on the voluntary disclosure of paper-based annual printed reports [14] [15] . Beginning in 1996, the literature was expanded to include studies on the disclosure of financial information via the Internet. It points out that the use of the Internet for the dissemination of corporate information is increasing and that the use of online financial reporting varies from country to country [16] . The Internet has a decisive impact on corporate reporting, Disseminate information on their websites to various stakeholders [17] [18] . As a result of the growing importance of the Internet and its apparent relevance to corporate reporting, it is not surprising that the issue of Internet dissemination has attracted many researchers to discover the potential benefit of the Internet to business reports [19] [20] .
The literature on the level of Libya from the adoption of a rare, generalized and technology, and provide historical and political broad-based information [21] found historical writings in various mass organizations and online resources, and the provision of adoption of relevant technical information in Libya [22] . Internet access officially came to Libya at the end of 1998, but it was not more widely available until early 2000 [23] . In 2005 it launched a national policy on information and communications technology and operated mainly by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Vocational Training. In addition, the support of the public telecommunications company mail, Libya Telecom and Technology [24] . The policy in general aims at enabling access to the ICT through the provision of computers and the internet. This is planned for the short term and there are some signs that the policy is being followed up and implemented [23] . The growing acceptance of on a large scale, it is important for organizations to encourage and support innovation and adoption of Internet technologies IS [25] . It IS such as e-commerce technologies. Management Information Systems (MIS), such as accounting information systems, human resources, information systems, and systems projects. Therefore, information systems help in the preparation of important reports in decision-making [26] .
On the other hand, Minimarts Marketing group 2011 published the results of Internet usage statistics for Africa which show that 5.7% of the users in Africa and 5.4% of the users in Libya were subscribers. In the case of Libya, an Internet subscription is often used by several members of the household, by clients of cybercafés, and by visitors to libraries [23] . In addition, Internet service prices are very high and the service is not all that good. However, it is in the number of Internet users is growing in Libya over the past few years, and will continue to do so [27] . According to Internet World Stats, the number of Internet users in Libya in 2016, i.e. 2.8 million representing 42.8% of the population.
2.2. Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) Model
Framework technology, organization, environment TOE proposed by [28] for analysis adoption of new innovations in various organizations. The TOE framework is consist of three different main dimensions in influencing the reliance, are the context of technological decisions, organizational context, and environmental context, where technological innovation is the internal and external technology that has organization [29] [30] [31] . In terms of organizational entrance, the measures concerned the organization, such as the structure and framework of the resources, and the size of the organization and the scope of administrative work describes [32] . In terms of the environment represent competition organizations and the industry and how to deal with the government [33] .
The technological context focuses on how technologies can affect adoption [28] and relate to operationalization, potential benefits and current regulatory adoption [34] . Typically, the adopter assesses the characteristics of the technology in terms of potential gains and barriers [35] [36] . The expected benefits for the Organization to receive at adoption are increased efficiency, quality, and reliability. In addition, comparative advantage suggests that the benefits of online disclosure should exceed the cost of adoption. On the other hand, obstacles point to problems that organizations expect to encounter during the adoption process, such as their complexity and compatibility with the efficiency of organizational and heritage technology systems [37] [38] . In addition, adoption costs, including implementation, maintenance, training, and transition costs, can be seen as barriers to the adoption of technology [39] . According to, [40] recommend that it should complete the look with the adoption of IFR technologies and some factors have not been studied, also to confirm modify TOE model. The current study intends to examine which of these factors is more suitable to influence the adoption of IFR technologies. According to, [41] they proposed that future research may resolve those inconsistencies by incorporating in the theory what the differences between organizations that mostly generate innovations and those that mostly adopt innovations [42] .
3. Methodology
The methodology of this paper is based on proposed causal research design, to explore the expected framework which was directed in the previous literature, and provide strong understanding in next future practical study, to identify whether any effect of the TOE model factors on the IFR adoption in Libyan financial institutions. The current study proposed to explore the TOE model with the main three factors technological, organizational, and environmental aspect.
The proposed model is a part of a conceptual easier method to inspect some questions and build a hypothesis to support the idea of current paper and consider it using TOE theory, and other possible theories:
1) To what extent the effect of TOE model on the IFR adoption in Libyan financial institutions?
2) Is there any other factors can add value to the original TOE model?
To answer these questions, a theoretical model has been developed based on the TOE model. Figure 1 depicts this model.
4. Discussion
Information technology (IT) has created significant benefits for accounting departments. IT networks and computer systems have shortened the lead time needed by accountants to prepare and present financial information to management and stakeholders. Not only has IT shortened the lead time required to present financial information, but it also has improved the overall efficiency and accuracy of the information [43] . The biggest impact IT has made on accounting is the ability of companies to develop and use computerized systems to track and record financial transactions. Paper ledgers, manual spreadsheets and hand-written financial statements have all been translated into computer systems that can quickly present individual transactions into financial reports [44] .
Most of the popular accounting systems can also be tailored to specific industries or companies. This allows companies to create individual reports quickly and easily for management decision making. Additionally, changes can be made relatively easy to reflect any economic changes in business operations [45] . Computerized accounting systems have also improved the functionality of accounting departments by increasing the timeliness of accounting information. By improving the timeliness of financial information, accountants can prepare reports and operations analyses that give management an accurate picture of current operations. The number of financial reports has also been improved by computerized systems; cash flow statements, departmental profit and loss, and market share reports are now more accessible with computerized systems [46] .
Most computerized accounting systems have internal check and balance measures to ensure that all transactions and accounts are properly balanced before financial statements are prepared. Computerized systems will also not allow journal entries to be out of balance when posting, ensuring that individual transactions are properly recorded [47] .
Accuracy is also improved by limiting the number of accountants that have access to financial information. Less access by accountants ensures that financial information is adjusted only by qualified supervisors [43] .
Computerized accounting systems allow accountants to process large amounts of financial information and process it quickly through the accounting system. Quicker processing times for individual transactions has also lessened the amount of time needed to close out each accounting period. Month- or year-end closing periods can be especially taxing on accounting departments, resulting in longer hours and higher labor expense. Shortening this time period aids companies in cost control, which increases overall company efficiency [48] . Reports issued to outside investors and stakeholders have been improved by computerized accounting systems. Improved reporting allows investors to determine if a company is a good investment for growth opportunities and has the potential to be a high-value company. Companies can utilize these investors for equity financing, which they use for expanding business operations [44] .
5. Conclusions
Despite the possibility to exploit the TOE model in Libyan organizations to IFR adoption, there are some other factors can add value to that model such as corporate governance in the organization factor in the TOE model can be used in order to investigate that effect on the IFR in Libyan financial institutions performance. But the success of the efficiency and effectiveness requires good administration and high corporate governance and infrastructure that contribute to supporting the success of new applications. These change strategies according to what fits the success of the projects and survival in the event of what supporting the continuity of these organizations in providing better services and performance. It was noticed that most organizations fail in the field of technological change, mainly because of the inability to control the important factors and opportunities. This paper explores the above conceptual framework, and aimed by answering some important questions that presented the TOE model with the proposed factor may add value to that model most important factors associated with technology and its relationship to the IFR in Libyan financial institutions was a case as one of the countries seeking to achieve the high-performance levels in various areas of the organizations.
The current paper dealt with quick glances of brief understanding of internet financial reporting (IFR) with the proposed understanding TOE model which has different nature in the environmental context in different financial institutions in Libya context. The importance of knowing corporate governance factor to add proposed value to the TOE model on the IFR, that is one of the important issues for the success of the IFR process, it is seeming to be new direction need more investigate, this requires an awareness of this phenomenon and further study of the expansion of knowledge in the practice of corporate governance factor.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Cite this paper
Lihniash, S., Egdair, I. and Ahmed, S. (2019) The Proposed Conceptual Framework to Understand the Effect of the Technology Organization Environment (TOE) Model on Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) in Libyan Financial Institutions. Open Journal of Business and Management, 7, 339-347. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2019.72023
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