That survey took place in the department of gynecology and obstetrics of Point G Teaching hospital that is one of the referral centers in Bamako for the management of complications of modern contraceptive methods.

Since 2004, laparoscopic surgery is performed in this service for the management of some gynecology diseases.

We conducted a descriptive and prospective survey from January 1st, 2014 to October 31, 2016. Population study concerned patients with intra uterine device complications.

Inclusion Criteria: all the cases of perforated (migrated or no) intra uterine device managed by endoscopy.

Exclusion criteria: were patients with complications that have not been managed by endoscopy approach.

Data about age of patients, reasons of consultation, types of health workers who inserted IUD, complications of IUD and moment of IUD insertion were collected from registries of hospitalization, surgical reports, and admissions records.

Calculations were performed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Data have been analyzed using X² or Fisher test according their application conditions P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

After counseling informed consent has been obtained from patients before IUD insertion and when complications occurred for the management of the endoscopic management. The Ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dentistry at the University of Bamako, Mali approved this study.

Seventeen patients were included. Table 1 that describes characteristics of the patients show mean age of patients is 29 years with extremes of 13 years and 44 years. The main reference incitement of patients were perforation of the uterus and pelvis pain (27.8% for each), misplaced IUD (22.3%). Regarding patients antecedents we noted three patients that had antecedent of cesarean and one received cesarean plus salpingectomy that was indicated for ectopic pregnancy. In 77.8% (14 cases), there had no surgical antecedent in our patients.

Most of IUD was inserted by midwives (64.7%). The intra uterine insertion was post placental IUD insertion in 4 cases (22.2%), interval IUD method in 12 cases (66.7%).

Several complications were observed like shown in the Table 2. The mostly occurred during the 12 first months after IUD insertion (64.7).

On the seventeen complications of IUD insertion uterine perforation without IUD migration has been noted in 3 cases again 14 migrated IUD. Rates of migration of the IUD and the organs where they migrated are variable. Thus, intra uterine device migrated in to the bladder (1 case), in the abdomen (10 cases), in the ovary (2 cases) and in the uterine tuba (1 case).

Regarding the management of our patients, we used endoscopic surgery among all of them. Because of important bleeding, we switch endoscopic approach by classic laparotomy to end the management of one patient. It was about the case of migrated IUD in the uterine tuba with important abdominal bleeding.

Our study met some limitations concerning the price of endoscopic management in our service that is more expensive than classic laparotomy and the fewest experience of our endoscopic practice. Finally, some patients have been managed in other service. All these limitations can explain that the number of the IUD complications managed in our service during that period is low. However, we believe that these limitations didn’t affect negatively the quality of this study that is rare in our health low setting area.

Intra uterine device is a safe [5] , effective and reversible method of long-term contraception. In our country it is a mode of contraception that is mostly liked by women. Its widely use is explaining by its low cost and complications rates [7] . In the Table 1 that describes characteristics of the patients we can observe that mean age of our patients is 29 years with extremes of 13 years and 44 years. It is about women who are in active genital period activity.

The main reference incitement of patients were perforation of the uterus and pelvis pain (27.8% for each), misplaced IUD (22.3%). Migration of IUD has been suspected after the disappearance of the string of the IUD or occurrence of pain. However, most of our patients had no symptom; so for them the diagnosis was made after sonography [2] or plain X ray of abdomen [8] .

Regarding patients antecedents we noted three patients had antecedent of cesarean and one received cesarean plus salpingectomy that was indicated for ectopic pregnancy.

According to the policy of ministry of health of our country to promote contraception in Mali, midwives have been training to insert IUD. Then, most of IUD has been inserted by midwives (64.7%). The intra uterine insertion was post placental insertion in 4 cases (22.2%), interval IUD method in 12 cases (66.7%).

Table 2 shows complications that were observed in our survey. All the cases concerned uterus perforation with or without IUD migration. Literature review underlines variable rates of migration of the IUD into surrounded viscera. Authors reported some complications related to IUD insertion [2] [6] [9] . Kassab [10] in a publication realized in 1999, reported 165 cases of IUD migration. In his study different migrated sites are mentioned especially omentum (45), rectosigmoid, peritoneum (44), bladder (23). Thus, several surveys reported this kind of complications [8] [11] . Thus in our survey, intra uterine device migrated in to the bladder (1 case), in the abdomen (10 cases), in the ovary (2 cases) and in the uterine tuba (1 case). The most common reported places for this migration were the omentum, rectosigmoid colon, peritoneum and bladder and nearby viscera [12] [13] [14] . In our study we didn’t have omentum or rectosigmoid IUD migration. No study in the literature reported IUD migration in the tuba of uterus. IUD migration in to the bladder looks more frequent than others [1] .

Period between insertion of the IUD and the diagnosis of the misplaced of IUD is variable. The complications in our study mostly occurred during the 12 first months after IUD insertion.

Regarding the literature, minimally invasive methods such as laparoscopy [15] [16] or cystoscopy are frequently preferred for the treatment [17] [18] . However the management of misplaced IUD still remains controversial and no consensus opinion exists. Some in the literature suggests that the translocated IUD’s should be removed electively as complications like adhesions and bowel obstruction has been reported and removal should be done as soon as the diagnosis is made [6] . In our experience, we undertook management as soon as the diagnosis of the complication done. So for the management of our seventeen patients, we used endoscopic surgery. But in one case we converted because of difficulties classic laparotomy to end the management of the patient. It was about the case of migrated IUD (in Figure 1) in the uterine tuba with important abdominal bleeding.

This trend is observed in Krishna [6] study where laparoscopic removal was possible in 7 of 9 cases of translocated IUD’s. When IUD migrated in to bladder, cystoscopy can be first done [1] .

However this method has some limits because only a small part of IUD is often seen. We didn’t use cystoscopy to manage the case of IUUD migration into the bladder in our survey.

We agree with most of the authors [6] [16] that think that laparoscopy is invaluable in management of misplaced IUD. This method is associated with comfort, minimal hospital stay and early recovery and hence it is recommended as the preferred method for removal of misplaced IUD’s [6] . After endoscopic surgery, no death occurred in our study and mean duration of the stay of hospitalization was 2 days confirming necessity to extend this management approach in all the four teaching hospitals of Bamako.