This was a retrospective and cohort study with descriptive purpose conducted from 1^st January 2016 to 31^st December 2016 (12 months period), in the gynecology department of University and Hospital Centers of Yopougon (CHUY) and Treichville (CHUT) in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). The study involved women who came to consult for infertility and whose spouses had a normal spermogram. We included patients who had an endovaginal ultrasound which evoked the diagnosis of dysovulation and who achieved the hormonal balance required, and followed the treatment indicated for this purpose. We excluded patients with uterine and tubal abnormalities, and those who had incomplete files. Thus, our study concerned 47 patients.

Women who consult in our services for infertility must achieve a minimal check up including an endovaginal ultrasound exploration, a hormonal balance, hysterosalpingography, and a spermogram at their spouses.

- Endovaginal ultrasound exploration: The ultrasound exploration of the ovulation required an endovaginal ultrasound for follicular monitoring: this monitoring of ovulation necessitated peri-ovulatory ultrasounds on the 8th, 12th and 16th day of the cycle, aiming at objectifying the dominant follicle and then monitoring its growth until eventual ovulation.

- The hormonal balance: It was carried out on the third day of the cycle and consisted of a blood dosage of the following hormones: FSH, LH, Estradiol, Prolactin. We considered as cut-off acccording to Merviel [2] , the following values: FSH: 12 mI/ml; LH: 8 mIU/ml; Oestradiol: 70 pg/ml; Prolactin: 25 ng/ml.

The data were collected after the examination of the files of the patients covering the period of study on a fact sheet prepared for this purpose. The analysis of the data entered was carried out with the software EPI-INFO 6.04.

The CHUY and CHUT are level 3 center of the heath pyramid in Côte d’Ivoire. And during the study period, we received 1135 couples for infertitlity including 623 in CHUy and 512 in CHUT. Among this couples, 47 women met our inclusion criteria.

The average age of our patients was 31.9 years with the extremes at 18 years and 43 years. A peak frequency was observed between 30 and 34 years (57.4%), and 38.3% of our patients were between 35 and 45 years old. 2/3 of our patients (66%) were nulliparous, and 70.2% had a duration of infertility between 2 and 4 years. Almost half of our patients (46.8%) had an irregular cycle while 53.2% of our patients had a cycle time of 28 to 31 days. The average body mass index (BMI) of our patients was 25.33. Among these patients, 55.3% had normal weight, 25.6% were overweight and 19.1% were obese.

Twenty-three patients (48.9%) had a hormonal upset: FSH > 12 mIU/ml in 5 patients; LH > 8 mIU/ml in 7 patients; Isolated hyperoestrogenism >70 mIU in 3 patients; Hyperoestrogenism associated with high FSH in 3 patients; Hyperprolactinemia in 5 patients.

A typical echographic appearance of PCOS was found in 36.2% of our patients. In 31.9% of patients, slow follicular growth was observed . A follicular cystitis was encountered in 21.3% of cases (Table 1).

Clomiphene citrate and gonadotrophins were the most commonly used ovulation inducers. They accounted for 2/3 (68%) of the proposed treatments (Table 2).

Seven patients (14.9% of our study population) had a pregnancy. It was a single pregnancy.

All our pregnant patients (7) had a normal initial hormonal balance.

PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome.

57.2% of the pregnancies (4 patients) occurred after 3 cycles of treatment (Table 3).

Drug treatments were undertaken in 6 patients (85.7%) before they got pregnant (Table 4).

In our study, the average age was 31.9 years with the extremes at 18 years and 43 years.

Patients aged between 30 and 34 accounted for more than half of our population (57.4%). Our finding is identical to that of SCHWART [3] who reports that the average age of infertility is 32 years in his series.

The rate of conception per cycle varies according to age: it is 24% at 25 years, 12% at 35 years and 6% at 40 years [4] . The decrease in female fertility with age is now demonstrated mainly from Of 35 years [5] . Yet we see that women have their first born child at a late age.The majority of our patient were more than 30 years old and were nulliparous (66%). In 1991, on FIV NAT [6] , it was already reported that 70% of infertile women were nulliparous. For BELAISH-ALLART [5] , this could be explained by a better control of contraception, current difficulties in professional life without counting unstable unions.

In addition to age, being overweight can be a factor in ovulation disorders. According to OLIVENNES, weight is the first factor to consider: a weight too low (<45 kgs) or an obesity (>85 kgs) are responsible for ovulation disorders [7] . In our series we observed that 25.5% of our patients were overweight and 19.2% were obese. Authors like DICKEY [8] think that weight correction is essential and can alone restore ovulation.

In our study population, 46.8% of patients had an irregular cycle. LANSAC [9] describes irregular cycles with ovulation disorders in women around perimenopause, which begins at about 40 years of age and sometimes from 35 years. Our results seem to confirm the author’s observation because 38.3% of our patients were between 35 and 45 years old.

The duration of infertility would have a pejorative role on procreation: the older the infertility, the lower the chance of getting pregnant [10] . Thirty-three patients (70.2% of our population), had a duration of infertility between 2 and 4 years. SCHWARTZ also made the same observation by reporting in his series, a duration of infertility of 3 years in 89% of cases and of 2 years in 52% [4] .

The age of the patient and the duration of infertility are therefore two essential parameters to be taken into account.

Several patients in our series (48.9%) had a disturbedhormonal balance. The studies carried out by FRYDMAN [11] gave the following results: in an ovarian stimulation, among women with an ovarian reserve judged “normal” 6% were interrupted compared to 37% of women with ovarian reserve “altered”. He states at the same time that the average level of plasma FSH is also significantly higher in women whose treatment has been interrupted for bad response. Its results demonstrate the influence of the ovarian reserve on ovarian stimulation and therefore on the quality of follicular growth.

In our study population, PCOS were the most important echographic aspects of dysovulation (6.2%). Our finding is similar to that of TEISSIER [12] , who thus considers that PCOS represent the most common etiology of infertilities affecting 5% to 10% of infertile women [12] .

The treatments used were essentially clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins and diet,accounting for 57.4% of all treatments. Like us Dickey reported a series where he resortedto clomiphene citrate in first-line and to gonadotrophins in second-line [8] . He also recommended for overweight patientsto reduce their weight to drop thehyperinsulinism and facilitate the induction of ovulation. It is in this perspective of reduction of hyperinsulinism that we have resorted to Metformin. And the cabergoline has been useful in hyperprolactinemia.

14.9% of our patients got pregnant after treatment. DICKEY, meanwhile, reported pregnancy rates of 20% - 40% with clomiphene citrate and 12% - 24% with gonadotrophins [8] . HAZOUT obtained pregnancy rates of 18 to 30% [13] . Differences in outcome could be related to sampling.

In our study, 4 out of 7 patients were able to obtain a pregnancy after 3 cycles of treatment.

Our results are consistent with those of DICKEY [8] who report that the majority of pregnancies occur in the first six cycles of treatment.

Therefore it is reasonable, beyond six cycles of stimulation well conducted to consider to resortto medically assisted procreation (MAP) rather than to relentless pursuit of stimulation.

The purpose of the treatment being to achieve a progressive pregnancy, it is therefore essential to evaluate all the factors of infertility of the couple. The therapeutic strategy should take into account the age of the woman, the duration of infertility, the weight and the type of dysovulation according to the WHO classification.

Thus according to the ageit is not recommanded to use an ovulation induction therapy after 45 years, regardless of the FSH base rate, because the term pregnancy rates are extremely low and fetal and maternal risks are maximum. Concerning the weight, it isadvised that it should be closer to the normal one through hygiene and dietary measures before any ovulation stimulation.

Talking about the dysovulation, WHO gives indications according to their types. The Type I dysovulation called central dysovulation, must be treated by the GnRH pump. The Type IIa or idiopathic dysovulation, must be treated in first intention using clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins in second intention in case of failure to clomiphene citrate after 6 cycles. For the Type IIb or PCOS, first start with the dietary care eventually associated with clomiphene citrate and then in case of failure after 6 cycles of clomiphene citrate, use gonadotropins.An adjuvant therapy with Metformin could also be added.

In the Type III, theuse of the ovulation induction is useless and the couple must be oriented to the MAP with a gametes donationor adoption.

Moreover, in case of hyperprolactinemia, a hypoprolactinaemic must be associated.