Self-efficacy is a belief in a person’s ability to perform action or behavior to achieve what is desired independent of the actual capacity of personal outcome. Objective: To determine the level of self-efficacy in adolescents of a public institution in the state of San Luis Potosí. Methodology: A correlational study of 179 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years using stratified random sampling. The instrument used was the self-control scale for the prevention of STIs/ AIDS (SEA-27) consisting of 40 items and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.908. Results: The surveys of the adolescent population correspond to 179 students, of whom 56% are men and 44% are women, the average age being 15 years. The level of self-efficacy of students for HIV-AIDS prevention, where the most relevant data are related to evaluated: 76% corresponds to students who do not induce someone to have self-efficacy, 75% say no to a person whose sexual history is unknown, 74% say no to someone whose drug history is unknown and 70% say no to someone who has drunk and/or consumed alcohol (X 2 = 39,638, df = 4 p < 000); Conclusions: In general, adolescents today are perceived as vulnerable to sexual behavior and have safe sex, which leads us to believe that they do not protect against HIV/AIDS and unwanted pregnancies.
Self-efficacy is a belief in one’s ability to perform the action or behavior to achieve the desired regardless of the actual capacity of the personal result. The theory of self-efficacy is based on the conceptual distinction between individual judgments efficacy-expectation on one’s ability to perform a certain behavior and outcome expectations―individual judgments on the possible consequence of such behavior. The concept of self-efficacy is an element within what Bandura called “autorrefencial thought” [
This is where sex education and sexuality are not handled freely since the sexuality of each of us emerges from multiple factors such as socioeconomic status, age, gender and level of education are the fundamental pillars that contribute to maintain the development of their sexuality integrates based sex education that represents the main factor of self-efficacy to deal with their health reproductiva [
For the teenager it is a time that marks the entry to the world through the conquest of itself in the social and cultural space. Since the World Health Organization (WHO) considers adolescence as a stage of life that develops between 10 and 19 years old in two phases: Early Adolescence 10 to 14 years and late adolescence from 15 to 19 years [
The purpose of this work is to determine the Autoeficacia possessing adolescents for prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS, based on the information and knowledge they acquire each during this stage. Young people are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as they are in a transition period in which they are no longer children but have not reached adulthood, leading changes in this period are being confused because they may not know what is the best decision to take in each of the activities of daily life. Social, emotional and psychological development is incomplete, so they tend to experience forms of dangerous behavior that can lead to serious consequences [
Many of these behaviors and consequences include unprotected sex (without a condom), sex with multiple partners and intravenous drug use and STIs and unwanted pregnancy [
It has been proved that the conduct of the young can be influenced by beliefs due to his mental and subjective representations of reality and positively or negatively affect their actions. Normative beliefs have been relevant when it has studied the prevention of HIV/AIDS among adolescents, more particularly subjective norms that greatly influence the behavior of the young. At the same time, social norms and expectations, along with the view of colleagues, cultural and religious characteristics of family powerfully influence the behavior of young people, usually in a way that contributes to increased health risks [
Descriptive analysis of the non-experimental cross-sectional design with a sample of 179 adolescents where the method was used intentionally. During the period from August 2012 to December 2013, taking as a criterion of inclusion to the third year high school students enrolled in the institution during the aforementioned period who oscillated between the ages of 14 and 17 years, their informed consent was requested and those who signed it and wished to participate in the study were included; With a criterion of exclusion of students of first and second year of secondary, since in the great majority they showed not to have initiated active sexual life, in addition eliminated the students who did not attend the session. Sexuality, contraception, relationships: information was collected on the following items.
Collected by students of the degree in nursing from the UASLP Campus Rioverde in 2013 information is a population of adolescents in a technical secondary Township CD Fernandez SLP with a population of 179 adolescents was conducted between 14 used herein and 17 years of the morning shift this study was performed by the scale of self-efficacy for the prevention of ITS/AIDS (SEA-27) which consists of 40 items and Cronbach alpha of 0.908 [
In the following tables and graphs the results of SEA-27 survey, which consists of open and closed questions that collect data on age, sex and education level by assessing the ability of young people to adopt a responsible behavior observed HIV infection/AIDS and practicing this behavior in different situations of daily life.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants.
| Variable | f | % |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Female | 75 | 44.1 |
| Male | 95 | 55.9 |
| Age (years) | ||
| 14 | 28 | 16.5 |
| 15 | 116 | 68.2 |
| 16 | 25 | 14.7 |
| 17 | 1 | 0.6 |
| Marital status | ||
| Yes | 51 | 30 |
| Not | 119 | 70 |
| Working | ||
| Yes | 46 | 27.1 |
| Not | 123 | 72.4 |
n = 179.
study sample is their age ranged between 14 and 17 years, 44.1% (f = 75) corresponded to females and 55.9% (f = 95) were males.
Further notes that 70% (f = 119) of university students stated being single and 72.4% (f = 123) was reported not to work.
| A) How confident are you of being able to say no when you intend to have sex? | Something | Sure nothing | Secure environment | Very safe | Total insurance | Unresponsive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Someone known 30 days or less | 4% | 8% | 5% | 17% | 65% | 1% |
| 2. Someone whose sexual history is unknown to you | 7% | 2% | 4% | 12% | 75% | - |
| 3. Does anyone whose drug history is unknown to you? | 7% | 5% | 2% | 12% | 74% | - |
| 4. Someone you tried before? | 4% | 8% | 21% | 25% | 41% | 1% |
| 5. Someone want to try again? | 4% | 8% | 21% | 16% | 51% | - |
| 6. Someone with whom you've had sex | 6% | 10% | 13% | 15% | 56% | - |
| 7. Someone need to fall in love with you | 6% | 7% | 16% | 19% | 51% | 1% |
| 8. Someone who presses you to have sex | 8% | 3% | 5% | 8% | 76% | - |
| 9. Someone who has been drinking alcohol | 5% | 5% | 11% | 8% | 70% | 1% |
| 10. Someone has been using drugs | 8% | 2% | 8% | 9% | 70% | 3% |
| 11. Someone and your level of sexual excitement is very high | 4% | 9% | 20% | 15% | 49% | 3% |
n = 179.
years 39 (21.7%) showed a low average level of self-efficacy, no statistical significance was shown (X2 = 15.4, gl = 12, p = 0.21).
The results obtained in this study of 170 students indicate that most have a high level of knowledge about self-efficacy in preventing STI/HIV, and that 76% is autoeficas to say no to people who try to pressure sex, 75% to say no to someone whose sexual history is unknown, 74% to say no to someone whose history of drug is unknown and with 70% to say no to someone who has drunk and/or consumed alcohol, according to the results of Frías S. M. et al. in their study of “Prevention of STD/HIV among youth in border communities of Central America” 2013, young people with higher education, in communities with intervention, participating in activities of the Organization Civil social (CSO) show greater knowledge about transmission routes HIV [
| b) How confident are you of being able to. | Something | Sure nothing | Secure environment | Very safe | Total insurance | Unresponsive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Use a condom every time you have sex? | 9% | 5% | 8% | 14% | 63% | 1% |
| 2. Use a condom correctly | 8% | 3% | 10% | 21% | 57% | 1% |
| 3. Use a condom during sex after you’ve been drinking alcohol? | 13% | 10% | 17% | 18% | 41% | 1% |
| 4. Use a condom during sex after you’ve been drinking or used any drugs? (Marijuana, glue, Tinner) | 19% | 6% | 13% | 18% | 43% | 1% |
| 5. Insist on using condoms during sex even if your boyfriend/girlfriend prefers not to use it? | 9% | 5% | 9% | 17% | 60% | - |
| 6. Refusing to have sex if your partner agrees not to use a condom? | 12% | 6% | 10% | 12% | 59% | 1% |
| 7. Always Have enough money to buy condoms? | 8% | 4% | 19% | 25% | 43% | 1% |
| 8. Going to the store to buy condoms? | 7% | 9% | 19% | 19% | 44% | 2% |
| 9. Do not have sex until marriage? | 13% | 9% | 22% | 12% | 42% | 2% |
| 10. Having sex with one person for life? | 14% | 9% | 14% | 17% | 45% | 1% |
| 11. Talking with your dad about sexual issues | 17% | 18% | 22% | 13% | 29% | 1% |
| 12. Talking to your mom about sexual issues | 13% | 12% | 18% | 15% | 41% | 1% |
n = 179.
reinforce the extensive knowledge on specific issues in the area of health sciences and be able to maintain their self-efficacy level and not just stay with theoretical knowledge and put it into actual practice.
When analyzing condom use it shows that 63% is completely safe to use every
| Variable | SELF-EFFICIENCY LEVEL | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very low level of self-efficacy | Low self-efficacy | Low average level of self-efficacy | High average level of self-efficacy | High level of self-efficacy | |||||||
| f | % | f | % | f | % | f | % | f | % | ||
| Gender | Female | 7 | 3.9 | 19 | 10.6 | 22 | 12.2 | 19 | 10.6 | 8 | 4.4 |
| Male | 6 | 3.3 | 23 | 12.8 | 29 | 16.2 | 22 | 12.2 | 15 | 8.3 | |
| Age (years) 14 15 16 17 | 2 11 0 0 | 1.1 6.1 0 0 | 8 27 7 0 | 4.4 15.0 3.9 0 | 5 39 6 1 | 2.7 21.7 3.3 0.5 | 5 29 7 0 | 2.7 16.2 3.9 0 | 8 10 5 0 | 4.4 5.5 2.7 0 | |
n = 179.
time they have sex and only 29% are fully insured to talk to his father about sexual issues compared with 41% who feel more sure to talk to his mother about it.
Based prevention knowledge is the most effective option for good learning teenager is the most vulnerable and interested in finding information about methods of contraception, HIV/AIDS and STIs, and other specific topics group to improve his outlook self-efficacy. In publishing “Teens live an impromptu sexuality and do not perceive the risk of pregnancy”, Salazar G (2012) says that in rural areas the educational level is low, it is culturally accepted the early onset of sexual life and difficult access to methods anticonceptivos [
According to the results of this Article discrepancy is shown as teenagers have adequate knowledge on the subject for the educational level coursing with an awareness of the risk involved in starting their sexuality at an early age.
According to Bandura in his article “Self-efficacy and education” in 1986 self-efficacy affects the choice of activities, the effort required to perform them, and the persistence of the individual for execution. Accordingly, if a student has doubts about their learning abilities, she has low self-efficacy. But a student with high self-efficacy is committed to developing more [
Rocha-Rdz, R., Cabrera, M., Acosta-Álvarez, M. and Hernández- Nava, N. (2017) Self-Efficacy in Sexual Health: A Focus on Adolescents in Mexico. Health, 9, 1459-1466. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2017.910106