<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">OJG</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Open Journal of Geology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2161-7570</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/ojg.2017.74038</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">OJG-76043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Earth&amp;Environmental Sciences</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Major and Trace Element Chemical Compositional Signatures of Some Granitic Rocks Related to Metal Mineralization in Japan
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Etsuo</surname><given-names>Uchida</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kazumasa</surname><given-names>Osada</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Koki</surname><given-names>Nakao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>weuchida@waseda.jp(EU)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>07</volume><issue>04</issue><fpage>559</fpage><lpage>576</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>March</day>	<month>28,</month>	<year>2017</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>Accepted:</day>	<month>April</month>	<year>27,</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>April</day>	<month>30,</month>	<year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  We analyzed the major and trace element chemical compositions of 66 granitic rocks from 15 different areas in Japan. The intrusions from which the samples were collected were associated with Pb-Zn, Mo, Cu-Fe, Sn, or W mineralization and, for comparison, samples were also collected from intrusions not associated with any metal mineralization. The analyses indicated that the granitic rocks associated with Pb-Zn, Mo, or Cu-Fe mineralization were granites, granodiorites, or diorites, and that they were all I-type and formed in a volcanic arc tectonic setting. The granitic rocks associated with Sn or W mineralization and barren granitic rocks were classified as granites and as I-type with the exception of a few S-type granitic rocks. Most of the Sn- or W-associated granitic rocks and barren granitic rocks are thought to have formed in a volcanic arc tectonic setting. The Pb-Zn-, Mo-, or Cu-Fe-associated granitic rocks rarely shows negative Eu anomalies and a few of them are adakitic rocks, whereas all of the Sn- or W-associated granitic rocks and barren granitic rocks show negative Eu anomalies. For these Japanese granitic rocks, the contents of K
  <sub>2</sub>O, La, Y, Rb, Ta, Pb, Th, U, and REEs other than Eu increase with increasing SiO2. Conversely, the contents of major components other than Na
  <sub>2</sub>O and K
  <sub>2</sub>O and the trace components V, Zn, Sr, Eu, and Sc decrease with increasing SiO
  <sub>2</sub>. The Zr, Sn, and Hf abundances increase with increasing SiO
  <sub>2</sub> up to 70 wt%, but their abundances decrease when the SiO
  <sub>2</sub> exceeds 70 wt%. This suggests that granitic magma is saturated with these elements at 70 wt% of SiO
  <sub>2</sub>, approximately.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Granitic Rock</kwd><kwd> Hydrothermal Mineralization</kwd><kwd> Chemical Composition</kwd><kwd>  Tectonic Setting</kwd><kwd> Japan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front>
<sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Uchida et al. (2007) investigated the relationship between the chemical composition of biotite and mineralization type associated with representative granitic rocks in Japan. It was found that the average total Al content of biotite, listed by mineralization type, was Pb-Zn = Mo &lt; Cu-Fe &lt; Sn &lt; W &lt; no mineralization. In addition, the study found that the total Al content in biotite increased with the granite’s solidification pressure. However, Uchida et al. (2007) only measured the major elements in the granitic rocks; trace elements were not analyzed. In this paper, we determined the whole rock chemical compositions, including trace elements and rare earth elements, for samples of granitic rocks from the same intrusions studied by Uchida et al. (2007). With these analyses, we aim to confirm and clarify the relationships between the chemical composition of the granitic rocks and 1) the type of metal mineralization and 2) the tectonic settings in which the granitic rocks were emplaced (e.g., [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref1">1</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref2">2</xref>] ).</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Granitic Intrusions Investigated</title><p>The granitic rocks analyzed for this study are from the same 15 areas studied by Uchida et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref3">3</xref>] (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>). <xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref> lists the names of the areas and mining districts from which the samples were collected, rock type, age, associated metal type, and sample number for the samples.</p><p>Intrusions in the Taishu [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref4">4</xref>] , Obira (granite porphyry) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref5">5</xref>] and Chichibu mining districts were designated as granitic rocks related to Pb-Zn mineralization. We studied samples from the Ohkawame [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref6">6</xref>] and Daito-Yamasa [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref7">7</xref>] mining districts as granitic rocks related to Mo mineralization. As for Cu-Fe mineralization, granitic rocks in the Kamaishi [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref8">8</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref9">9</xref>] and Yaguki mining districts and granitic rocks in the Tanzawa area [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref10">10</xref>] were selected for study. The granitic rocks from the Yaguki mining district were the Eastern granodiorite (the Ohisa granodiorite [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref11">11</xref>] ) and the Central granodiorite. For intrusions related to Sn mineralization, samples from biotite granite in the Obira mining district [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref5">5</xref>] and granitic rocks in the Osuzu [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref12">12</xref>] and Suzuyama mining districts were selected. As for granitic rocks related to W mineralization, we studied granitic rocks in the Yakushima and the Fujigatani-Kiwida (the Habu granodiorite and the Osogoe complex), Ohtani (the Gyojayama granite [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref7">7</xref>] ) and Yaguki mining districts as well as the Inada coarse-grained granite [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref13">13</xref>] in the Tsukuba area. In the Yaguki mining district, samples were collected from intrusions of the Western granodiorite (the Yokokawa granodiorite [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref11">11</xref>] ). Barren granitic rocks were collected from the Hidaka metamorphic belt (the Toyonidake cordierite tonalite and hornblende tonalite [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref14">14</xref>] ), the Tsukuba area other than the Inada coarse-grained granite [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref13">13</xref>] and the Fujigatani-Kiwada mining district (the Nakayamagawa complex and the Shimokuhara granite).</p><p>The granitic rocks associated with Pb-Zn, Mo, or Cu-Fe mineralization are almost magnetite-series but some are ilmenite-series whereas the granitic rocks with Sn or W mineralization and those without mineralization are all ilmenite- series (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.76043-ref1">1</xref>] .</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Sample Preparation, Analysis, and Results</title><p>Whole-rock chemical analyses were carried out on 66 samples from the granitic rocks mentioned above (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>). Broken down by metal type, there were 10 samples related to Pb-Zn mineralization, 12 samples related to Mo mineralization, 11 samples for Cu-Fe mineralization, 9 samples for Sn mineralization, 13 samples for W mineralization, and 11 samples for barren granitic rocks. Samples</p><fig id="fig1"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref></label><caption><title> Map showing the localities of studied areas and distribution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic granitic rocks in Japan (Seamless digital geological map of Japan by Geological Survey of Japan)</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/9-1210851x2.png"/></fig><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> Lithology, age, and associated metal for 66 granitic rocks collected from 15 different localities in Japan</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >Area</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Granitic rock</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Age</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt/Ilm series</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Metal type</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Sample No.</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Hidaka</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Toyonidake cordierite tonalite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene to Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >No mineralization</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >HD02</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Toyonidake hornblende tonalite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >No mineralization</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >HD05</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ohkawame mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Granitic rocks in the zones I and II</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mo</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >OK01, OK04, OK05, OK07, OK11</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Kamaishi mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ganidake granodiorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cu-Fe</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >KM03, KM04</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ganidake diorite/diorite porphyry</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cu-Fe</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >KM05, KM09</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Yaguki mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Eastern granodiorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cu-Fe</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >YG01, TG04</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Central granodiorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cu-Fe</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >YG08</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Western granodiorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >W</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >YG16, YG17</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Tsukuba</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Tsukuba two mica granite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >No mineralization</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >TK01</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Inada coarse-grained granite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >W</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >TK08, TK09</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Kamishiro fine-grained granodiorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >No mineralization</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >TK11</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Inada medium-grained granodiorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >No mineralization</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >TK12, TK14</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Inada fine-grained granite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >No mineralization</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >TK13, TK15</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Tsukuba porphyritic granodiorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >No mineralization</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >TK16</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Chichibu mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Chichibu quartz diorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Pb-Zn(-Cu-Fe)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >CC03, CC04, CC08</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Tanzawa</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Yushin tonalite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Fe</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >TZ05, TZ08</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Azegamaru tonalite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Fe</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >TZ10, TZ11</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ohtani mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ohtani or Gyojayama granite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >W</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >OT02, OT03</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Daito-Yamasa mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Yamasa leucocratic granite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mo</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >DY03, DY04</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Renge granodiorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mo</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >DY07, DY08</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Leucocratic granite complex</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mo</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >DY11</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Kawai Hb-Bi hybrid rock</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Paleogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mo</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >DY10, DY14</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Fujigatani-Kiwada mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Nakayamagawa complex</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >No mineralization</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >IW02</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Habu granodiorite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >W</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >IW07, IW08</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Shimokuhara granite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >No mineralization</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >IW13</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Osogoe complex</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Cretaceous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >W</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >IW18, IW19</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Taishu mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Uchiyama granitic rock and others</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Mgt-Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Pb-Zn</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >TS05, TS07, TS08, TS13</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Obira mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Obira granite porphyry</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Pb-Zn</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >OB02, OB09, OB10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Obira biotite granite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Sn</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >OB01, OB04, OB06</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Osuzu mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Osuzu granodiorite/granite porphyry</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Sn</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >OS02, OS03, OS04</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Suzuyama mine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Suzuyama granite porphyry</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Sn</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >SZ03, SZ04, SZ05</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Yakushima</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Yakushima granite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Neogene</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Ilm</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >W</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >YK01, YK04, YK07</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>were pulverized using a tungsten carbide rod mill. About 5 g of the pulverized samples were sent to Activation Laboratories Ltd. (Ancaster, Canada) for analysis by their code “4 Litho” lithogeochemistry package. For those analyses, the granitic rock powders were fused using lithium metaborate/tetraborate and digested in dilute nitric acid. Analyses for a total of 55 elements were then obtained by analyzing the aqueous solutions thus prepared using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The analytical results are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref>. Because the samples were contaminated with Co and W by the tungsten carbide rod mill during grinding, Co and W values are not listed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref>.</p></sec><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.76043-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ishihara</surname><given-names> S. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>1977</year>)<article-title>The Magnetite-Series and Ilmenite-Series Granitic Rocks</article-title><source> Mining Geology</source><volume> 27</volume>,<fpage> 293</fpage>-<lpage>305</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ishihara</surname><given-names> S. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>1981</year>)<article-title>The Granitoid Series and Mineralization</article-title><source> Economic Geology Anniversary</source><volume> 75</volume>,<fpage> 458</fpage>-<lpage>484</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Uchida, E., Endo, S. and Makino, M. (2007) Relationship between Solidification Depth of Granitic Rocks and Formation of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Resource Geology, 57, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2006.00004.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Shimada, N., Ohyama, Y. and Ikemi, H. (2000) Characterization of Magnetically Zoned Pluton, Tsushima, Japan. Resource Geology, 50, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2000.tb00056.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Miyahisa</surname><given-names> M. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>1958</year>)<article-title>Contact Metasomatic Lead-Zinc Ore Deposits, Obira Mine, Oita Prefecture, Japan (Part III)</article-title><source> Journal of Educational Technology &amp; Society</source><volume> 26</volume>,<fpage> 284</fpage>-<lpage>289</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kanisawa, S. and Katada, M. (1988) Characteristics of Early Cretaceous Igneous Activity, Kitakami Mountains, Northeast Japan. Earth Science, 42, 220-236.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Ishihara, S. (1971) Major Molybdenum Deposits and Related Granitic Rocks in Japan. Geological Survey of Japan, 239, 183.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Hamabe, S. and Yano, T. (1979) Geological Structure of the Kamaishi Minig District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Mining Geology, 26, 93-104.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Uchida</surname><given-names> E. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>1986</year>)<article-title>Relation between Zonal Arrangements of Skarns and Temperatures of Formation at the Kamaishi Mine, Northeastern Japan</article-title><source> Mining Geology</source><volume> 36</volume>,<fpage> 195</fpage>-<lpage>208</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Takita, R. (1974) Petrography and the Plutonic History of the Tanzawa Tonalite Complex. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 80, 505-523. https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.80.505</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Ogawa, K. and Shida, A. (1975) Scheelite Mineralization in the Shin-Bu Tungsten Deposit of the Yaguki Mine. Mining Geology, 25, 109-122.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Nakada, S. (1978) Geology of the Osuzuyama Acid Rocks, Miyazaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 84, 243-256. https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.84.243</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Takahashi, Y. (1982) Geology of the Granitic Rocks in the Tsukuba Area. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 88, 77-184. https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.88.177</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Osanai, Y., Owada, M., Shimura, T., Kawasaki, T. and Hensen, B.J. (1997) Crustal Anatexis and Related Acidic Magma Genesis in the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 47, 29-42.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Cox, K.G., Bell, J.D. and Pankhurst, R.J. (1979) The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks. Allen and Unwin, London, 450 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3373-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Wilson, M. (1989) Igneous Petrogenesis. A Global Tectonic Approach. Unwin Hyman, London, 466 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6788-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Chapell, B.W. and White, A.J.R. (1974) Two Contrasting Granite Types. Pacific Geology, 8, 173-174.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W. and Tindle, A.D. (1984) Trace Element Discrimination Diagrams for the Tectonic Interpretation of Granitic Rocks. Journal of the Petrology, 25, 956-983. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/25.4.956</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Takahashi</surname><given-names> M. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>1989</year>)<article-title>Neogene Granitic Magmatism in the South Fossa Magna Collision Zone, Central Japan</article-title><source> Modern Geology</source><volume> 14</volume>,<fpage> 127</fpage>-<lpage>143</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Defant, M.J. and Drummond, M.S. (1990) Derivation of Some Modern Arc Magmas by Melting of Young Subducted Lithosphere. Nature, 347, 662-665. https://doi.org/10.1038/347662a0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Tsuchiya, N. and Kanisawa, S. (1994) Early Cretaceous Sr-Rich Silicic Magmatism by Slab Melting in the Kitakami Mountains, northeast Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 22205-22220. https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00458</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Wang, Q., Xu, J.F., Jian, P., Bao, Z.W., Zhao, Z.H., Li, C.F., Xiong, X.L. and Ma, J.L. (2006) Petrogenesis of Adakitic Porphyries in an Extensional Tectonic Setting, Dexing, South China: Implications for the Genesis of Porphyry Copper Mineralization. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 47, 119-144.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Ishihara, S., Kanaya, H. and Terashima, S. (1976) Genesis of the Neogene Granitoids in the Fossa Magna Region in Japan. Marine Sciences Monthly, 8, 523-528.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mason, B. (1966) Principles of Geochemistry. 3rd Edition, Wiley, New York, London, 329 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Shannon, R.D. and Prewitt, C.T. (1970) Revised Values of Effective Ionic Radii. Acta Crystallogr, 26, 1046-1048. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740870003576</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ishihara</surname><given-names> S. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>1971</year>)<article-title>Modal and Chemical Compositions of the Granitic Rocks Related to the Major Molybdenum and Tungsten Deposits in the Inner Zone of South-west Japan</article-title><source> Journal of the Geological Society of Japan</source><volume> 77</volume>,<fpage> 441</fpage>-<lpage>452</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Lehmann, B. (1982) Metallogeny of Tin: Magmatic Differentiation versus Geoche-mical Heritage. Economic Geology, 77, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.77.1.50</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref28"><label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Sillitoe, R. (2010) Porphyry Copper System. Economic Geology, 105, 3-41.https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.1.3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.76043-ref29"><label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ishihara</surname><given-names> S. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>2014</year>)<article-title>On the Variation Pattern of Zirconium Contents in Some Japanese Granitoids</article-title><source> Journal of the Society of Resource Geology</source><volume> 64</volume>,<fpage> 127</fpage>-<lpage>132</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>