Miano area is located 62 kilometers southeast of Sukkur city in Thar Desert as shown in Figure 1 [1] which is geographically located in the Sindh province of Pakistan between longitudes 69˚12'E and 69˚28'E and latitude 27˚14'N and 27˚32'N respectively. The vast sedimentary basins cover about 80% of the total country’s area with widespread oil and gas seepages. Despite the long history of oil and gas exploration and an attractive petroleum policy, the sedimentary basins still contain sizeable areas, classified as frontiers, which cover more than 60% of the total prospective area including the Pishin Basin, the Maluan-I Charan Basin,

Fold and Thrust Belt parts of the Platform of the Indus Basin and the entire Offshore [2] [3] . Geologically it is located in Central Indus about 421 exploratory wells have been dug all across Pakistan. In the Southern Indus Basin 55 exploratory wells were drilled during the period 1955-1984, but 27 of these wells based on the results of multifold seismic surveys [4] . In the past hundreds of years of petroleum research, compared to an average of one hundred wells in other similar basins, Pakistan remained one of the least explored basins of which the well density is less than five per 10,000 sq. Kms. The country desperately needs to exploit new oil and gas potentials across the new frontiers to increases self-reliance. For sustainable exploration, more efforts should be directed towards these frontier areas which after exploration may prove to be of greatest potential [5] . The Miano is located in the Middle Indus Basin and it is dominated with cretaceous extensional fault with trend NNW to SSE direction [6] . This paper briefly highlights the depositional framework of the reservoir present at deep level along with geology and stratigraphy of the basin in which study area is present. But it requires a commitment from both the oil companies and the government to achieve success. New plays concepts need to be utilized with new technology along with advanced geological and geophysical studies that highlight the potential of these areas. This study analyzes this area in order to describe the potentialities of this basin which has emerged in the past few years as a major gas province due to many major gas discoveries along with many other discoveries in Pakistan. A variety of depositional and structural regimes are associated with this region.

The Miano is located in the Middle Indus Basin, Pakistan to the south of Suleiman and east of Kirthar fold belt Figure 2 [7] and it is dominated with Cretaceous extensional fault system with trend in NNW to SSE direction, these features are obliterated with Tertiary strike-slip faults [8] . Due to interaction of extensional and strike-slip faults complex of structures is interpreted with segmentation of Cretaceous clastic reservoirs in the area. Extensional faulting is attributed to the rifting and northward drifting of the Indian plate from Gondwanaland. Whereas, strike-slip faults may have developed due to docking of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate about 55 Ma and subsequent anticlockwise rotation [9] .

Study area in Middle Indus basin comprises mainly of Permian to Mesozoic sediments over an unconformity of late Paleozoic stage. High has been active since Jurassic and Paleocene strata are absent along the crust and adjacent region. Whole region of study is heavily covered by alluvium deposits no out crops are available at the surface, which can yield a straight signal of the stratigraphic successionas shown in Figure 3. Reservoir rocks in that area are lower, upper Goru and Parh formations. Depositional environment of the Lower Goru “B” is interpreted to be a tide dominated lithology of sandstone. In the study area- sands is the major producing reservoir. The color of Sandstone is yellowish brown and dirtywhite. Small acoustic impedance of seismic waves together with strong seismic amplitudes shows the presence of reservoir quality sands.

Data for this research was acquired as part of a project to reassess the oil and gas exploration potential through a regional potential field data survey of the area and a seismic data survey in the Central Indus Platform basin area of Pakistan. To achieve the desired objective we used given methodologies.

・ Interpretation of seismic lines.

・ Subsurface mapping and structural interpretation of the study area using Seismic and Well data.

・ Time-and-depth contour map.

・ 3D view.

・ Synthetic Seismograph

・ Reservoir characterization.

Seismic data has been analyzed and interpreted to understand sedimentation and structure for a geological model Figure 4 & Figure 5. Firstly horizons mapping has been done with their marking on all the seismic lines.seismic data linked with well Top data and known geology of area [11] , Sirki shale (light green), Habib Rahi (Orange), Sui main limestone (Pink), Ranikot (Red), Upper Goru (Yellow), Lower Goru (Orange), Lower Goru sand (Dark blue), Chiltan (Cyan). EW trending lines are dip lines. The NS trending lines are strike lines. Faults are clearly visible on dip lines but on strike lines they are not clearly observed. The fault tie points from dip lines were highlighted on the strike lines. Numbers of normal faults are marked on the seismic lines which represent are extensional regime. The interpreted seismic lines P2092-111 and P2092-113 are dip lines with clear interpretation of the above mentioned horizons. The time of horizons within Cretaceous stratigraphy increases from west to east due to thick- ness variation indicating direction of sediment deposition in the area from west to east. Several high-angle faults are marked on the seismic lines. Some of them occur as a set with dip towards east or west bounding graben structures.

Time contours map of Lower Goru Formation clearly shows in Figure 6 & Figure 7. A set of east dipping faults with exception of one that dips to the west. The faults are sub vertical and planner. Geometry of fault bounded blocks resembles book-shelf modeling of an extensional system with anticlockwise rotation of each blockand presence of a major graben between two faults in the eastern part of the study area. As horst and grabens are formed in the area so tectonically the area lies in extensional regime. Contour shows the formation is shallow towards west, which clearly indicates the sediments transport from west to east during Cretaceous in the area of study.

Depth contour maps more clearly depict the subsurface structures. The depths can be calculated from time maps by using velocity of the horizons from the sonic or velocity functions of data. Depth of Lower Goru Formation Ranges from 2000 to 2400 meters. Depth maps indicates that the depth of horizons increases from west to direction with presence of a conspicuous depression (graben) in the study area, similar to as seen in through the time contour map Figure 8 & Figure 9.

Synthetic seismogram holds very important information like ground level, time scale, sample interval datum. Synthetic seismograph has been generated based on logs in Miano-02 well Figure 10. Synthetic seismogram has the information of phase data used and length of wavelet generated with the depth scale based on sonic log, density logs, and reflection coefficient log.

Hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized with the help of mud logging and wire line log data of Miano-02 have been selected for reservoir characterization in this study Figure 11 & Figure 12. Mud logging is a direct method to interpret the subsurface lithology like the outcrop. The penetration rate of the drilling bit into the formation may be compared to a sonic or gamma ray log, a good interpretation of bed boundaries can be made from these logs.

The study results shows that the whole area is bounded by structural and strati- graphic traps. Complex tectonic history has made it a good prospect area and accumulation of hydrocarbons is due to structural, lithological variation and pinching of strata. Since a suitable environment is required for hydrocarbon to develop. Reason for having major discoveries is the presence of kitchen area between them. The porosity values varying between 18% - 22% are ideal for reservoir sand in Central Indus Basin. The study depicts that Miano prospect area has a great potential of hydrocarbons and more exploratory wells may be drilled in the future targeting the Lower Goru Sands.

This research is supported by Anhui Provincial Government, China andHigher education Commission, Pakistan. We thanks Prof. Dr. Huajian Yao, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) and constructive comments by anonymous reviewers, which helped us to improve the manuscript. We would like to thanks DGPC & LMKR Pakistan for providing us oil & gas industry data for this research.

Khan, M.S., Masood, F., Ahmed, Q., Jadoon, I.A.K. and Akram, N. (2017) Structural Interpretation and Petrophysical Analysis for Reservoir Sand of Lower Goru, Miano Area, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan. International Journal of Geosciences, 8, 379-392. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2017.84020