<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">WJCMP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2160-6919</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/wjcmp.2017.71003</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WJCMP-74456</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Unified Theory of Force Fields (Electromagnetic and Gravitational)
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chaykin</surname><given-names>Andrey</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sub>1</sub></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Home, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>9060728184@mail.ru</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>07</volume><issue>01</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>November</day>	<month>26,</month>	<year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>Accepted:</day>	<month>February</month>	<year>25,</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>February</day>	<month>28,</month>	<year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  In this paper, the superfluid substance is described by the same equations of the electromagnetic field and the gravitational field. The gravitational mass is sufficiently considered as the gravitational charge, having the same dimensions as electric charge.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Gravity</kwd><kwd> Electromagnetic Field</kwd><kwd> Maxwell’s Equations</kwd><kwd> Helium II</kwd><kwd> Gravitodynamics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Leibniz imagined the space was filled initially with liquid matter. Taking a superfluid substance filling all space as model I explain electromagnetism over a stream superfluid substance: Electrical phenomena-progressive (potential), mag- netic properties-vortex (solenoidal). For an explanation of gravitation tubular threads in a superfluid substance is formed. The density thread is the gravity potential. Electromagnetic waves are caused by disturbances of the electromagnetic field and produced by the accelerated motion of charged particles, and gravitational waves are caused by the same accelerated motion of mass (the gravitational charge). Gravitational waves are generated by accelerated motion of gravitational charges (masses) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.74456-ref1">1</xref>] .</p><p>The gravitational field and the electromagnetic field obey the equations of Maxwell-Chaykin.</p><p>These equations are fixed by the author of the differential equations of Maxwell:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula733"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x2.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula734"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x3.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula735"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x4.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula736"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x5.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><sec id="s1_1"><title>1.1. Electrodynamics</title><p>1) Except for vortex electric field<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, the electric field is always potentially.</p><p>2) Time-varying magnetic field is interpreted as a density charge displacement</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and summed up with the density of real charge.</p></sec><sec id="s1_2"><title>1.2. Gravitodynamics</title><p>1) Gravitational mass is considered as the gravitational charge, which has the same dimensions as electric charge.</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula737"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x8.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>2) Gravity currents are conventional mechanical impulses. It leads to a vortex gravitational field, like in electrodynamics and with the same consequences.</p><p>If we consider gravity currents and charges displacement in the Poisson equation, it eliminates the need to bend space and retreat from Euclidean space to describe the gravitational field [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.74456-ref2">2</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.74456-ref3">3</xref>] .</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Theory</title><sec id="s2_1"><title>2.1. Electromagnetic Field</title><p>There is a substance filling all space. The property of superfluidity ensures the equality of the inertial frame and the invariance of charge. The two-fluid model substance (similar to the He II (helium)) provides mutual counter-movement of the two components without visible real flow of the whole fluid. This substance is superfluid liquid having density <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and velocity field <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (H―in honor of Gelmgoltsa).</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula738"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x11.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x12.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―potential velocity field,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula739"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x13.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x14.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―vortex (solenoidal) velocity field,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula740"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x15.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Taken as the postulate, for the electric and magnetic fields:</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x16.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―intensity of the electric field.</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x17.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―intensity of the magnetic field.</p><p>The equations of electrodynamics we rewrite in the form:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula741"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x18.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula742"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x19.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula743"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x20.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula744"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x21.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―absolute intensity of the magnetic field.</p><p>From these corrected Maxwell equations follows:</p><p>1) Electric field <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is always potential.</p><p>2) The electromagnetic wave has a longitudinal component <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with the properties of the particles and the transverse component<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―the essence of the wave.</p><p>3) The main stream of electromagnetic radiation is directed via<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and the Poynting vector<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―side stream is responsible for a divergence of the ray.</p><p>4) The equation Faraday’s Electromagnetic induction is valid only for non mono connected areas and in differential form does not make sense.</p><p>5) Accelerators type Bevatron, Foucault currents and other effects allegedly caused by the vortex field<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, can be explained with the help of, what I call, the</p><p>charge density of displacement: <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>6) Magnetic field―an independent entity, is not an effect of “second order” of the electric field.</p><p>In summary, conclude:</p><p>1) The carrier of the electromagnetic field is a superfluid liquid (it can be paired to bosons neutrinos or something what we do not known);</p><p>2) The singular regions, the points (drain, source) have the properties of electric charge;</p><p>3) The property of superfluidity ensures the equality of inertial reference systems and invariance of charge;</p><p>4) The two-fluid model substance (similar to the Helium II) provides mutual counter-movement of the two components without visible real flow of the whole fluid.</p></sec><sec id="s2_2"><title>2.2. Gravitational Field</title><p>Gravitational field, initially, according to Newton and Hooke and others, is the force field.</p><p>The trajectory of the gravitating masses should be perpendicular (normal) to the equipotential surfaces. These surfaces are determined by the distribution of other gravitating masses (charges) and currents (mechanical impulses).</p><p>To equate gravity with the forces of inertia, with the forces Coriolis, that is, with forces unable to produce work for the true physics is unacceptable [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.74456-ref4">4</xref>] .</p><p>Gravitating mass does not curve space. They spin liquid substance between them (it is energetically profitable for the liquid). In a superfluid substance, like in rotating He II (helium), the formation of a tubular filament. The gradient of the linear density<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, these tubular filaments, are manifested as the gravitational field intensity <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (potential).</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula745"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x32.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>G―gravitational constant of Newton.</p><p>The density of gravitational charge<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula746"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x34.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>r―Laplace operator.</p></sec><sec id="s2_3"><title>2.3. Gravitational Charge q<sub>gr</sub></title><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula747"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x35.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>m―mass (in grams)</p><p>Thus, the ratio <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> gives the gravitational mass of the <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the same dimension as that of the electric charge q, in CGS units<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. And as a consequence of intensity and currents the gravitational field has the appropriate dimension, as in electrodynamics.</p><p>Dimension in the CGS (cm, g, sec) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the same as in electrodynamics. The laws of electrodynamics are valid for gravity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.74456-ref5">5</xref>] .</p><p>Let’s us assume that the equations for gravitodynamics:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula748"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x41.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula749"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x42.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula750"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x43.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula751"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x44.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x45.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―density of the gravitational charge,</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―intensity of the vortex gravitational field,</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―intensity potential of the gravitational field,</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―density of the gravity current (the density of the kinetic impulse),</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―speed of gravitational waves.</p><p>From these equations it follows:</p><p>1) The precession of mercury’s orbit is calculated in the same way as the motion of a charged particle in the Coulomb field (see Landau, Lifshitz “Theory of fields”).</p><p>2) Gravitational currents different directed-push off, one direction-attracted.</p></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Conclusion</title><p>In the end, the UNIFIED THEORY of FORCE FIELDS is that the General equation of any strong ELECTROMAGNETIC or GRAVITATIONAL fields has the form, and can be calculated by equations of Maxwell’s-Chaykin:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula752"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x50.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula753"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x51.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula754"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x52.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.74456-formula755"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/3-4800386x53.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The laws of electrodynamics are valid for gravity, but have different interpretations.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>Cite this paper</title><p>Andrey, C. 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