<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JSEA</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Software Engineering and Applications</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1945-3116</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/jsea.2016.912039</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JSEA-72666</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Computer Science&amp;Communications</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Internet Usage, Challenges, and Attitudes among University Students: Case Study of the University of Jordan
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tamara</surname><given-names>Almarabeh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yousef</surname><given-names>Kh. Majdalawi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hiba</surname><given-names>Mohammad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Computer Information Systems Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>09</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>577</fpage><lpage>587</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>October</day>	<month>5,</month>	<year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>Accepted:</day>	<month>December</month>	<year>6,</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>December</day>	<month>9,</month>	<year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  The Internet usage has grown rapidly during the last decade in almost every country in the world and in Jordan specifically; today millions of individuals are connected to the Internet and the Internet has become the backbone of the information economy. It was used for social, commercial, political, and personal interactions. This study aims to investigate the attitudes of students at The University of Jordan towards using ICT (Information and Communication Technology). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data for obtaining students attitudes on the amount of Internet usage, reasons for using the Internet, and how the Internet impacted on students’ life. The data analysis was done by using SPSS, version 17. 536 students from different faculties (medical, humanities, and scientific) of the University of Jordan participated in the study. The results indicated that most students access Internet before they attended university; there is a positive attitude towards Internet; and they used it mainly for social websites, chatting and information gathering. The slow speed of the Internet connection and the lack of adopting ICT in courses syllabus are some constraints facing the students.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>ICT</kwd><kwd> Jordan</kwd><kwd> Internet</kwd><kwd> Attitudes</kwd><kwd> Literacy</kwd><kwd> Higher Education</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body>
<sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>The Internet is a global system of connections that links millions of people publicly [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref1">1</xref>] . The Internet enables individuals and businesses to interact and share information, resources, and services [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref2">2</xref>] .</p><p>The use of the Internet is an important tool in higher education [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref3">3</xref>] where the Internet has become a helpful source for students to get information [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref4">4</xref>] . Today, there is a huge number of learning materials embedded in the Internet and the students can get a quick access to the information [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref5">5</xref>] .</p><p>Online applications which are available to the college students can enhance the quality of education [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref6">6</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref7">7</xref>] . Many scholars agree that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays an increasingly important role in facilitating the educational systems [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref8">8</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref9">9</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref10">10</xref>] .</p><p>According to the Internet World Stats in June 2016, the number of Internet users in Jordan approximately equals 5,700,000 (73.6% of Jordanian population). The awareness of Internet importance in Jordan has risen in different regions such as education. By a variety of measures, Internet is an essential part of almost college student’s life [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref11">11</xref>] .</p><p>Internet usage and developments in technology growth around the world have grown rapidly and changed the lives of millions of people during the last decade [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref12">12</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref13">13</xref>] . Internationally, there have been many researches on the Internet usage and most of them found that the Internet usage is most prevalent among younger and more educated people for students and teachers; the Internet is becoming an increasingly important part of the educational process in a classroom and in a textbook [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref14">14</xref>] .</p><p>M. Yılmaz and Feza Orhana [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref15">15</xref>] studied 921 secondary school students and Learning Process Questionnaire (LPQ) was used. According to the data obtained, the researchers examined that the ratios of the Internet usage for educational purposes for deep learning and by the students who are given assignments by the Internet are higher when compared to the surface learners. In a survey of Internet usage of the students in the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Basir et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref16">16</xref>] reported that ease of working and time savings are the reasons of Internet use among students.</p><p>Camilla Br&#228;ndstr&#246;m [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref17">17</xref>] studied data from five upper secondary school teachers through face-to-face interview, where the researcher found that the teachers think that the Internet is a valuable teaching tool which can increase the motivation of the students, make teaching more enjoyable, and allow variation in teaching. The drawbacks of the Internet usage are students’ cheating, unreliable information, technical problems, and students’ extracurricular activities during lessons. The Internet can affect a student’s academic performance in both positive and negative way so that we need to control Internet usage which can have positive influence on student’s academic performance [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref11">11</xref>] .</p><p>The Internet can be used by individuals and families as a communication way [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref18">18</xref>] . People use social media networks, and in particular, college students represent a large proportion of users on social media networks to communicate with friends. Lenhart et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref19">19</xref>] found that 72% of all college students have a social media profile. The survey was conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International and the interviews were done in English by Princeton Data Source, LLC from June 26 to September 24, 2009.</p><p>Many researchers found that the college students use Internet for sending/receiving e-mails, chatting, gathering information, downloading music or images, and playing games.</p><p>This paper presents an overview of 536 undergraduate students’ attitudes towards ICT at the University of Jordan based on an online survey through exploring their Internet usage behavior, how much they frequently use Internet, the most Internet services they use, why they use Internet, and the problems they face during using Internet.</p><p>The structure of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides the methodology and the limitations of the research. Discussion and Results are in Section 3 with charts and percentages. Finally, the conclusion is in Section 4.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Methodology and Limitations</title><p>The present study was carried out at the University of Jordan among the undergraduate students of the medical, scientific, and humanities faculties, which included male and female students, who registered in three compulsory computer skills courses: Remedial computer skills, Computer Skills for Humanities, and Computer Skills for Medical Students during Fall Semester 2016-2017. The collected data were analyzed and presented in the form of tables and charts and the results were reported in percentages. The aim of this study is to identify the basic skills of the students at The University of Jordan in using computer and Internet. A semi-structured questionnaire filled by 536 students was used for data collection where the questions were adopted from previous researches [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref20">20</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref21">21</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref22">22</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref23">23</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref24">24</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref25">25</xref>] with modifications. The questions were divided in two categories; the first category contains the students’ demographics which are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>. The second category contains 9 questions spread over 3 sections:</p><p>1) The University of Jordan students’ usage of ICT. 2) Constraints in using ICT at The University of Jordan and 3) Students’ attitudes toward ICT</p><p>However, the study has the following limitations:</p><p>&#252; The study is limited to one public university, which is The University of Jordan.</p><p>&#252; The study includes only the undergraduate students at The University of Jordan.</p></sec>
<sec id="s3"><title>3. Discussion and Results</title><p>It was observed that majority of the students’ were females 382 (71%) while 154 (29%) were males. The distribution of the faculties shows that major of the students came from humanities faculties with 292 (54%) and the least is from Medical faculties with 90 (17%), this returns for two reasons; first: a few medical students failed in the computer competency exam, and enroll in Remedial computer Skills course. Second: the teaching System for the Faculty of Medicine and faculty of dentistry is year’s system not credit hour’s system and computer skills for medical students course is scheduled for the spring semester and this study was conducted during the fall semester. It was observed that majority 93%of the students started using computer and Internet before joining the university while 7% started after joining it. 230 (43%) have been using Internet for 6 years and more followed by 154 (29%) have been using it for 4 - 5 year, while 103 (19%) of the students have been using it for 2 - 3 years and 49 (9%) of them have been using it</p><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> Students’ demographics</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >Category</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Characteristics</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Number</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Percentage</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >Gender</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Male</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >154</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >29%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Female</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >382</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >71%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="4"  >GPA</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Excellent</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >108</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >20%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Very good</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >198</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >37%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Good</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >154</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >29%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Fair</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >76</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >14%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="3"  >Type of Faculty</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Medical</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >90</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >17%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Scientific</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >154</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >29%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Humanities</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >292</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >54%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >First Use of Computer?</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Before joining the university</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >496</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >93%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >After joining the university</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >40</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="4"  >Internet Experience</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0 - 1 year</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >49</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >9%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >2 - 3 year</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >103</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >19%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >4 - 5 year</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >154</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >29%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >6+ years</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >230</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >43%</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>for less than 1 year as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>. The findings were in line with the surveyed of Kumar and Kaur [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref26">26</xref>] as well as that of Salako and Tiamiyu [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref27">27</xref>] which indicated that the students have the experience. Also this agrees with Bankole and Babalola [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref28">28</xref>] that 34.8% of undergraduate students have been using the Internet from 5 - 6 years. Similarly, Fasae and Aladeniyi [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref29">29</xref>] who reported that 65% had more than 3 years Internet experience.</p><p>1) The University of Jordan Students’ Use of ICT</p><p>Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has brought about a revolution in every walk of today’s life. Particularly it has become an integral part of education and no one can deny its impact on teaching and learning. ICT plays a key role in the development of any country. ICT is a general term which includes computers, the Internet, and electronic delivery systems such as radios, televisions, and projectors …etc.</p><p>Using computer and Internet is greatly depending on some factors such as: Students’ experience, Internet purposes, facilities, and available services …etc. This part was analyzing these factors for The University of Jordan students.</p><p>When evaluating the students’ literacy of using computer and Internet, 73% of the students considered as an average user. 10% considered themselves as beginners and 13% as experts. Few of them (4%) are unfamiliar with using computer and Internet as you see in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>.</p><p>Students were asked to indicate how often they use Internet. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref> shows that 437 (82%) of the students use Internet daily while 99 (18%) use it weekly. The findings agree with Ani [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref30">30</xref>] study on Internet access and use. Similarly, Awoleye et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72666-ref31">31</xref>]</p></sec></body>
 
<back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.72666-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ruzgar</surname><given-names> N.S. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>2005</year>)<article-title>A Research on the Purpose of Internet Usage and Learning via Internet</article-title><source> The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology</source><volume> 4</volume>,<fpage> 27</fpage>-<lpage>32</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Dogruer, N., Eyyam, R. and Menevis, I. (2011) The Use of the Internet for Educational Purposes. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 606-611. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.115</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sahin</surname><given-names> Y.G. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>2010</year>)<article-title>The Use of Internet Resources by University Students during Their Course Projects Elicitation: A Case Study</article-title><source> The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology</source><volume> 9</volume>,<fpage> 234</fpage>-<lpage>244</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, S.E. and Iyamu, E.O.S. (2005) Using Information and Communication Technology in Secondary Schools in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Educational Technology &amp; Society, 8, 104-112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Alshammari, N. (2014) The Use of Technology in Education to Improve Student’s Reading Skills in Elementary Schools, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5, 69.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">O’Donoghue, J., Singh, G. and Green, C. (2004) A Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages of IT Based Education and the Implications upon Students. Interactive Educational Multimedia, 9, 63-76.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Al-Adwan, A. and Smedley, J. (2012) Implementing E-Learning in the Jordanian Higher Education System: Factors Affecting Impact. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 8, 121-135.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Al-Hunaiyyan, A., Al-Huwail, N. and Al-Sharhan, S. (2008) Blended E-Learning Design: Discussion of Cultural Issues. International Journal of Cyber Society and Education, 1, 17-32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Oh, E. and Park, S. (2009) How Are Universities Involved in Blended Instruction? Educational Technology &amp; Society, 12, 327-342.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Vaughan, N. and Garrison, R. (2006) A Blended Faculty Community of Inquiry: Linking Leadership, Course Redesign, and Evaluation. Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education, 32, 67-92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Ellore, S., Niranjan, S. and Brown, U.J. (2014) The Influence of Internet Usage on Academic Performance and Face-to-Face Communication. Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 2, 163-186.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kolodziejczyk, I. (2009) ICT for Education—The Way Ahead, but How? Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal, 11, 31-33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Lavin, A., Korte, L. and Davies, T.L. (2010) The Impact of Classroom Technology on Student Behavior. Journal of Technology Research, 2, 1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Carmona, M. (2013) ICT Trends in Education. 1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, Azores, 24-26 April 2013, 428-430.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Betül, M., &amp;Otilde;lmaza, Y. and Orhana, F. (2010) The Use of Internet by High School Students for Educational Purposes in Respect to Their Learning Approaches. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 2143-2150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.296</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bashir, S., Mahmood, K. and Shafiq, F. (2008) Internet Use among University Students: A Survey in University of the Punjab, Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Library &amp; Information Science, 9, 49-65. http://eprints.rclis.org/19027/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Brandstrom, C. (2011) Using the Internet in Education—Strengths and Weaknesses. A Qualitative Study of Teachers. Opinions on the Use of the Internet in Planning and Instruction, University of Gavle, Gavle.  
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:438827/FULLTEXT01.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Sponcil, M. and Gitimu, P. (2013) Use of Social Media by College Students: Relationship to Communication and Self-Concept. Journal of Technology Research, 4, 1-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Lenhart, A., Purcell, L., Smith, A. and Zickuhr, K. (2010) Social Media and Young Adults. Pew Internet and American Life Project.  
http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Social-Media-and-Young-Adults.aspx</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Hamissi, J., Gholami, S. and Hamissi, H. (2012) Evaluation of Information and Communication Technology Knowledge among Undergraduate Dental Students in Iran. Asian Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 8, 247-250.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Challa, N. and Madras, V. (2014) Attitude, Awareness and Usage Skills of Computer and Internet among Medical Students. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13, 24-27.  
https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-13542427</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Aldebasi, Y. and Ahmed, M.I. (2013) Computer and Internet Utilization among the Medical Students in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 7, 1105-1108. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2013/5891.3092</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Khan, S.A., Khan, A.A. and Bhatti, R. (2011) Internet Access, Use and Gratification among University Students: A Case Study of the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Chinese Librarianship, 32, 1-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mahmood</surname><given-names> K. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>2009</year>)<article-title>Gender, Subject and Degree Differences in University Students’ Access, Use and Attitudes toward Information and Communication Technology (ICT)</article-title><source> International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology</source><volume> 5</volume>,<fpage> 206</fpage>-<lpage>216</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Aderonke, O. and Mrs, O. (2013) Internet Access and Use among Undergraduate Students of Bowen University Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (E-Journal), Paper 964. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/964</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kumar, R. and Kaur, A. (2005) Internet and Its Use in the Engineering College of Punjab, India: A Case Study. Webology, 2, 1-18. http://www.webology.org/2005/v2n4/a21.html</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Salako, O.A. and Tiamiju, M.A. (2007) Use of Search Engines for Research by Postgraduate Students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Library, Achieves and Information Science, 7, 103-115.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref28"><label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bankole, O.M. and Oludayo, B.S. (2012) Internet Use among Undergraduate Students of Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice. 
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/812</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref29"><label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Fasae, J.K. and Aladeniyi, F.R. (2012) Internet Use by Students of Faculty of Science in Two Nigerian Universities. Library Philosophy and Practice. http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref30"><label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Ani, O.E. (2010) Internet Access and Use: A Study of Undergraduate Students in Three Nigerian Universities. Electronic Library, 28, 555-567.  
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1878368  
https://doi.org/10.1108/02640471011065373</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref31"><label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Awoleye, O.M., Siyanbola, W.O. and Oladipo, O.F. (2008) Adoption Assessment of Internet Usage amongst Undergraduates in Nigeria Universities—A Case Study Approach. Journal of Technology Management and innovation, 3, 84-89. http://www.jotmi.org</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref32"><label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A. and Calvert, S.L. (2009) College Students’ Social Networking Experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref33"><label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Baker, R.K. and White, K.M. (2010) In Their Own Words: Why Teenagers Don’t Use Social Networking Sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 395-398.  
https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref34"><label>34</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Cheung, C.M.K., Chiu, P.-Y. and Lee, M.K.O. (2011) Online Social Networks: Why Do Students Use Facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1337-1343.  
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.028</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref35"><label>35</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Roblyer, M.D., McDaniel, M., Webb, M., Herman, J. and Witty, J.V. (2010) Findings on Facebook in Higher Education: A Comparison of College Faculty and Student Uses and Perceptions of Social Networking Sites. The Internet and Higher Education, 13, 134-140.  
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.03.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref36"><label>36</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bosch, T.E. (2009) Using Online Social Networking for Teaching and Learning: Facebook Use at the University of Cape Town. Communication, 35, 185-200.  
https://doi.org/10.1080/02500160903250648</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref37"><label>37</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Richardson, K. and Hessey, S. (2009) Archiving the Self? Facebook as Biography of Social and Relational Memory. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 7, 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/14779960910938070</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref38"><label>38</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Muniandy</surname><given-names> B. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>2010</year>)<article-title>Academic Use of Internet among Undergraduate Students: A Preliminary Case Study in a Malaysian University</article-title><source> International Journal of Cyber Society and Education</source><volume> 3</volume>,<fpage> 171</fpage>-<lpage>178</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref39"><label>39</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Amaoge, D.A. and Ejike, U.I. (2016) Assessment of Internet Awareness and Use by the Undergraduate Students of College of Agricultural and Science Education in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike. American Journal of Educational Research, 4, 200-203.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref40"><label>40</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Manzoor</surname><given-names> A. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. (<year>2014</year>)<article-title>Behavioral Pattern of Internet Use among University Students of Pakistan</article-title><source> International Journal of Computer Science and Business Informatics</source><volume> 14</volume>,<fpage> 25</fpage>-<lpage>36</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"></pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.72666-ref41"><label>41</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Adekunmisi, S.R., Ajala, E.B. and Iyoro, A.O. (2013) Internet Access and Usage by Undergraduate Students: A Case Study of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (E-Journal), Paper 848.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>