<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">APM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Advances in Pure Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2160-0368</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/apm.2016.612069</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">APM-72165</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  The Riemann Hypothesis-Millennium Prize Problem
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>A.</surname><given-names>A. Durmagambetov</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sub>1</sub></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Karaganda State University, Karagandy, Kazakhstan</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>06</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>915</fpage><lpage>920</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>October</day>	<month>3,</month>	<year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>Accepted:</day>	<month>November</month>	<year>19,</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>November</day>	<month>22,</month>	<year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  This work is dedicated to the promotion of the results C. Muntz obtained modifying zeta functions. The properties of zeta functions are studied; these properties lead to new regularities of zeta functions. The choice of a special type of modified zeta functions allows estimating the Riemann’s zeta function and solving Riemann Problem-Millennium Prize Problem.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Euler</kwd><kwd> Chebyshev</kwd><kwd> Dirichlet</kwd><kwd> Riemann</kwd><kwd> Hypothesis</kwd><kwd> Zeta Function</kwd><kwd> Muntz</kwd><kwd> Function</kwd><kwd> Complex Numbers</kwd><kwd> Regular Function</kwd><kwd> Integral Function Representation</kwd><kwd> Millennium Prize Problem</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>In this work we are studying the properties of modified zeta functions. Riemann’s zeta function is defined by the Dirichlet’s distribution</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula427"><label>(1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x2.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>absolutely and uniformly converging in any finite region of the complex z-plane, for which <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the function is represented by the following Euler product formula</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula428"><label>(2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x5.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where p is all prime numbers. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>was firstly introduced by Euler [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72165-ref1">1</xref>] in 1737, who decomposed it to the Euler product formula (2). Chebyshev [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72165-ref2">2</xref>] , studying the law of prime numbers distribution, had considered this function. However, the most profound properties of the function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> had only been discovered later, when the function had been considered as a function of a complex variable. In 1876 Riemann [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72165-ref3">3</xref>] was the first who showed that:</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>allows analytical continuation on the whole z-plane in the following form</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula429"><label>(3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x9.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―gamma function.</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x11.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x12.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a regular function for all values of z, except z = 1, where it has a simple pole with a deduction equal to 1, and satisfies the following functional equation</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula430"><label>(4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x13.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>This equation is called the Riemann’s functional equation.</p><p>The Riemann’s zeta function is the most important subject of study and has a plenty of interesting generalizations. The role of zeta functions in the Number Theory is very significant, and is connected to various fundamental functions in the Number Theory as Mobius function, Liouville function, the function of quantity of number divisors, and the function of quantity of prime number divisors. The detailed theory of zeta functions is showed in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72165-ref4">4</xref>] . The zeta function spreads to various disciplines and now the function is mostly applied in quantum statistical mechanics and quantum theory of pole [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72165-ref5">5</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72165-ref6">6</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72165-ref7">7</xref>] . Riemann’s zeta function is often introduced in the formulas of quantum statistics. A well-known example is the Stefan-Boltzman law of a black body’s radiation. The given aspects of the zeta function reveal global necessity of its further investigation.</p><p>The most significant contribution to the study of zeta functions is found in the results obtained by Muntz [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72165-ref8">8</xref>] .</p><p>Muntz generalized all the results from the studies of zeta functions’ analytical properties. He noticed that all the properties can be integrated in one theory, which is called the Muntz theorem for zeta functions.</p><p>Our goal is to use this theorem on the analogs of zeta functions. We are interested in the analytical properties of the following generalizations of zeta functions:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula431"><label>(5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x14.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula432"><label>(6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x15.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula433"><label>(7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x16.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula434"><label>(8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x17.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where p are prime numbers. The forms of the given function (5)-(8) allow assuming that they possess the same properties as the zeta function (1), but it is not quite obvious, considering</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula435"><label>(9)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x18.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>we see the necessity of analyzing (5)-(8) functions for a deeper understanding of the properties of zeta functions.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Results</title><p>These are the well-known results obtained by Muntz for the zeta function.</p><p>Theorem 1. Let the function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x19.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be limited on every finite interval and have an order <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x19.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x19.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is continuous and limited on every finite interval and has an order <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x19.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then this equation holds</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula436"><label>(10)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x23.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Let N be the set of all natural numbers and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―the set of all prime numbers greater than m,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―the set of all natural numbers without the prime numbers greater than m.</p><p>Below we will always let m &gt; 3, this limitation is introduced only to simplify the calculations. Considering all the information above let us rewrite</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula437"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x26.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>For the function<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, let us apply the results obtained by Muntz for the zeta function representation. With the help of the given definitions we formulate the analog of Muntz theorem.</p><p>Theorem 2. Let the function F(x) be limited on every finite interval and have an order <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is continuous and limited on every finite interval and has an order<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then the following equation holds for the function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Muntz formula is true.</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula438"><label>(11)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x33.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula439"><label>(12)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x34.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>PROOF: According to the theorem conditions we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula440"><label>(13)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x35.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>After the substitution of variables nx = y we can rewrite</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula441"><label>(14)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x36.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The last steps are true and result from the theorem conditions and Weierstrass theorem of uniform convergence of improper integrals. Let us introduce the functions</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula442"><label>(15)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x37.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula443"><label>(16)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x38.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula444"><label>(17)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x39.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>According to the theorem conditions we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula445"><label>(18)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x40.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Applying the theorem conditions we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula446"><label>(19)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x41.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Substituting the variablles of the last part</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula447"><label>(20)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x42.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Calculating we obtain the following</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula448"><label>(21)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x43.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>According to the result above we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula449"><label>(22)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x44.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Using the properties of defined integrals and subintegral function positivity, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula450"><label>(23)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x45.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula451"><label>(24)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x46.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From the result above it follows that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula452"><label>(25)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x47.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>According to the Muntz theorem, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula453"><label>(26)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x48.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Finally, after the substitution of variables we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula454"><label>(27)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x49.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From the last equation we obtain the Muntz formula. From which we have the regularity of the function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> as z satisfied <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Theorem 3. The Riemann’s function has nontrivial zeros only on the line<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x52.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>PROOF: For<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula455"><label>(28)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x54.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Applying the Muntz formula from the theorem 2</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula456"><label>(29)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x55.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>estimating by the module</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula457"><label>(30)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x56.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Estimating the zeta function, potentiating, we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula458"><label>(31)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x57.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>According to the theorem 1 <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> limited for z from the following multitude</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula459"><label>(32)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x59.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>similarly, applying the theorem 2 for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> we obtain its limitation in the same multitude. For the function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> we have a limitation for all z, belonging to the half-plane<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Similarly, applying the theorem 2 for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> we obtain its limitation in the same multitude and finally we obtain:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.72165-formula460"><label>(33)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x64.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>These estimations for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> prove that zate function does not have zeros on the half-plane <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> due to the integral representation (3) these results are projected on the half-plane <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for the case of nontrivial zeros. The Riemann’s hypothesis is proved.</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Conclusion</title><p>In this work we obtained the estimation of the Riemann’s zeta function logarithm outside of the line <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/8-5301195x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and outside of the pole z = 1. This work accomplishes all the works of the greatest mathematicians, applying their immense achievements in this field. Without their effort we could not even attempt to solve the problem.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>The author thanks S.N. Baibekov for introducing the prime numbers to the proble- matics in the collective article [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.72165-ref9">9</xref>] . Without this the work would be impossible.</p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>Cite this paper</title><p>Durmagambetov, A.A. (2016) The Riemann Hypothesis-Mil- lennium Prize Problem. 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