1. Introduction

JSSM

Journal of Service Science and Management

1940-9893

Scientific Research Publishing

10.4236/jssm.2016.95045

JSSM-71211

Articles

Business&Economics

An Empirical Study Based on Supply Chain Supplier Evaluation System

Quan

¹^*Lina

Fang

²^*Yu

Hou

Business Administration, Beijing Commerce & Trade School, Beijing, China

Business Administration, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China

* E-mail:yuanqu@sohu.com(QQ);asfanglina@163.com(LF);

27092016

0905409415June 6, 2016Accepted: October 11, October 14, 2016

2014

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Under the environment of supply chain, enterprises not only put forward higher request to the product itself, but also focus more on the supplier selection criteria. In the early stage of the supply chain construction enterprises, we will find that there are many outstanding suppliers to choose from; facing a large number of suppliers, an effective way of supplier evaluation is very important. In this paper, the principal component analysis method is applied in supplier evaluation index, by extracting the principal components of the multi index comprehensive evaluation, and quantitatively provides guidance and reference for the selection of suppliers for the enterprises in the supply chain.

Supplier Principal Component Analysis Comprehensive Evaluation

1. Introduction

With the advent of the era of economic globalization, the management of modern enterprise has changed; the supply chain management mode has become more and more popular. Supply chain is composed of suppliers, manufacturers and distributors, in which the three suppliers in the main position are to enhance the efficiency of the supply chain, an important way to improve the operational efficiency of the supply chain. An ideal supplier will not only help enterprises to reduce production costs, and improve product quality, but also determine the supply chain to run the degree of stability and operational efficiency. Screening reasonable supplier has become a strategic weight to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises. The principal component analysis is applied to the supplier evaluation system, and the principal component analysis method is applied to the evaluation of the supplier under the multi index system. The weight is determined by the variance contribution rate, which overcomes the defect of artificial weight. The weight contains the amount of information of the original data, so it is objective and reasonable.

2. Relevant Literature Research Status

In the current supply chain management, there are many suppliers of the evaluation criteria, which makes the companies have chosen to become more complex. Huang- Yao Guo believed that the four main indicators of quality, price, technical capability, and transmission reliability can be a better measure of supplier [1] . Bi-Bo Qian thought by AC (the opportunity to achieve the ability accomplishment), ad (the application of computer and information technology advancement advancement), I (innovation ability) and l (logistics), E (environment), M & C (enterprise management level and cultural management & Culture) and other factors as a supplier evaluation index can a full range of suppliers to understand, also contribute to the implementation of enterprise decision [2] . Xin’an Ma presented a theoretical framework for supplier selection based on existing theory, he believes corporate supplier selection process should be divided into suppliers of coarse screening, fine screening suppliers, vendors and confirm scour- ing evaluated four stages tracking suppliers, and finally also need to apply quantitative comprehensive evaluation method, the formation of a unified supplier evaluation criteria [3] . Moore and Fearon proposed product price, quality and delivery is a key indicator of vendor selection, and linear programming is proposed for this decision [4] . Johnson M using the excellent enterprise evaluation methods, field trips from Supplier’s strategy, culture, processes and technology in four areas, and based on the relationship between characteristics of suppliers in a range of alternative screening to determine the appropriate business suppliers [5] . Ghodsypour for the selection of suitable suppliers to develop a decision support system (decision support system DSS), this system is mainly used to reduce the number of suppliers, mainly taking into account the ability of suppliers and buyers in the budget and limit costs by AHP method and mixed integer programming to make decisions, but also on the basis of qualitative and quantitative factors, changes in the right of each index value sensitivity analysis made [6] . Weber through the analysis of the selection of suppliers, he proposed the price, delivery, quality and capacity of the guidelines, in particular emphasis on the importance of JIT procurement in the transport distance and on time delivery [7] .

3. The Practical Application of Principal Component Analysis3.1. The Basic Process of Principal Component Analysis Method

The principal component method is applied to the reduction of dimension in the method of transforming several variables into a few synthetic variables. Each of the main components is a linear combination of the original variables. Each of the main components of the information does not overlap with each other, but can reflect the vast majority of information variables. The basic process of analysis is as follows.

Standardized evaluation process: in indicators due to the selection of third-party suppliers, packaging, storage, transportation, handling and other indicators belong reverse indicators need to be translated into positive indicators, commonly used logarithmic or the reciprocal method for processing.

Obtaining standardized data correlation matrix: A high degree of correlation between the various indicators, indicating indicators has great repeatability for the Principal Component Analysis.

Find the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix, eigenvalue contribution rate, the cumulative contribution rate and weight to calculate the score of each index and the total score of the vendor evaluation.

3.2. Evaluation Index Set

Taking Liaoning Province as an example, After screening, there are four suppliers to choose from Now wants to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the four suppliers, Table 1 is a reflection of the four supplier index, a total of 18 indicators, 18 indicators which can be roughly divided into three categories, namely the financial situation, transportation and storage quality, comprehensive service index.

3.3. The Basic Data Processing

This paper mainly uses the SPSS21.0 statistical software to analyze the main components of the evaluation index. Because of the index of evaluation, we need to transform it into a positive indicator, and this paper mainly adopts the method of taking the reciprocal. And then the index is standardized (graph omission). Finally the total variance explained is shown in Table 2.

In SPSS output, there are three main components of eigenvalues greater than 1, the three main components extracted from the initial solution, the cumulative variance contribution rate of 100%, indicating that with these three main components repre- senting the original 16 indicators comprehensive evaluation of logistics enterprises have sufficient grasp.

3.4. Determine the Main Component and Score

According to Table 3, the three principal component score formula is obtained by using the method of variance maximum.

In the first component, Z_SCORE (X4), Z_SCORE (X5), Z_SCORE (X6) coefficient is larger. The first principal component is a comprehensive index of annual income, annual profit and cash flow, which reflects the financial situation of the supplier. The financial situation is an important index to evaluate the production and operation of an enterprise, which indirectly reflects the management level of the enterprise and the management strategy. It is reasonable to use the financial situation as the first principal component.

Table 1 Supplier evaluation data

Supplier name	Transport (million)	Handling (million)	Package (million)
1	80	3	2.5
2	100	4	3.5
3	60	3.5	4
4	105	2.5	3.2
Supplier name	Income (million)	Profit (million)	Cash flow (million)
1	300	2000	200
2	1600	20000	600
3	200	600	200
4	2600	30000	700
Supplier name	Main business (million)	Advertising expenditures (million)	Outbound time rate (%)
1	2	1	80
2	1.8	0.8	60
3	1.5	1	80
4	2	0.5	100
Supplier name	Documents accuracy (%)	Transportation safety factor (%)	Transportation accuracy rate (%)
1	100	99	99
2	99	98	98
3	100	99	99
4	99	100	100
Supplier name	Goods broken rate (%)	Quality of personnel (10-point)	Customer reviews (10-point)
1	1	8	10
2	0.1	6	8
3	0.5	8	8
4	2	8	6
Supplier name	Transport records (10-point)	Storage security (10-point)	Storage timeliness (10-point)
1	8	8	8
2	10	9	10
3	5	8	8
4	8	6	4

The second component is Z_SCORE (X9), Z_SCORE (X13), Z_SCORE (X11) coefficient larger, the second principal component is by the library and timely rate, cargo damage rate and transportation safety rate characterizations of comprehensive index, which reflects the suppliers transport and storage quality. Transport and warehousing is an important part of is supply chain management, having certain transportation and storage capacity of the suppliers can not only ensure the successful completion of the transaction tasks but also can bring more customers for the enterprise, the position is second only to financial status. The last principal component is a comprehensive service index, which is

Table 2 The total variance explained

Ingredient	Initial eigenvalues			Extracting square and load
Ingredient	Total	Variance %	Accumulation %	Total	Variance %	Accumulation %
1	9.624	53.465	53.465	9.624	53.465	53.465
2	5.904	32.803	86.267	5.904	32.803	86.267
3	2.472	13.733	100.000	2.472	13.733	100.000
4	1.009E−013	1.048E−013	100.000
5	1.004E−013	1.022E−013	100.000
6	1.003E−013	1.019E−013	100.000
7	1.002E−013	1.011E−013	100.000
8	1.001E−013	1.007E−013	100.000
9	1.001E−013	1.005E−013	100.000
10	1.000E−013	1.002E−013	100.000
11	1.000E−013	1.000E−013	100.000
12	1.000E−013	1.000E−013	100.000
13	−1.001E−013	−1.004E−013	100.000
14	−1.001E−013	−1.007E−013	100.000
15	−1.002E−013	−1.009E−013	100.000
16	−1.003E−013	−1.016E−013	100.000
17	−1.003E−013	−1.019E−013	100.000
18	−1.005E−013	−1.028E−013	100.000

Extraction method: principal component analysis; extract three principal components.

Table 3 Composition matrix

	Ingredient
	1	2	3
Z_SCORE (X_I)	0.810	−0.531	0.248
Z_SCORE (X₂)	−0.671	−0.710	−0.214
Z_SCORE (X₃)	−0.231	−0.189	−0.954
Z_SCORE (X₄)	0.929	−0.344	−0.137
Z_SCORE (X₅)	0.901	−0.413	−0.129
Z_SCORE (X₆)	0.832	−0.531	−0.160
Z_SCORE (X₇)	0.648	0.004	0.761
Z_SCORE (X₈)	−0.969	0.170	0.178
Z_SCORE (X₉)	0.648	0.955	−0.102
Z_SCORE (X₁₀)	−0.741	0.656	0.146
Z_SCORE (X₁₁)	0.648	0.855	−0.102
Z_SCORE (X₁₂)	0.648	0.755	−0.102
Z_SCORE (X₁₃)	0.813	0.870	0.118
Z_SCORE (X₁₄)	0.102	0.695	0.501
Z_SCORE (X₁₅)	−0.759	0.077	0.646
Z_SCORE (X₁₆)	0.367	−0.769	0.523
Z_SCORE (X₁₇)	−0.930	0.357	0.091
Z_SCORE (X₁₈)	−0.940	0.350	0.091

Extraction method: principal component analysis; extract three principal components.

composed of personnel quality, customer evaluation, and transport record. With good service ability is an important guarantee for enterprises to open up the market, as the third main components of supplier evaluation is an indispensable indicator.

According to Table 4, the first principal component is the main measure of the financial situation of each supplier. Score ranking are the supplier 4, supplier 2, supplier 1, supplier 3. In the second principal component, the transportation and storage quality advantages are supplier 3, supplier 1, supplier 4, supplier 2. In the third principal component, the comprehensive service ability of the supplier 1 is superior to other suppliers. In the third principal component, the comprehensive service ability of the supplier 1 is superior to other suppliers. Enterprises can be based on each index score to pick out in a certain area has the advantage of suppliers for enterprise profit.

The first principal component is the main measure of the financial situation of each supplier. Score ranking are the supplier 4, supplier 2, supplier 1, supplier 3. In the second principal component, the transportation and storage quality advantages are supplier 3, supplier 1, supplier 4, supplier 2. In the third principal component, the comprehensive service ability of the supplier 1 is superior to other suppliers. In the third principal component, the comprehensive service ability of the supplier 1 is superior to other suppliers. Enterprises can be based on each index score to pick out in a certain area has the advantage of suppliers for enterprise profit.

The three main components of the variance contribution rate were 0.505, 0.34202, 0.19298.With three principal components variance contribution rate as weights, get each index of the comprehensive score in the above Table 5. Comprehensive score ranking are: the supplier 4, the supplier 1, the supplier 3, the supplier 2. According to the comprehensive score of each index, the enterprise can choose a comprehensive enterprise, which will be more conducive to enterprise production development and customer maintenance.

Table 4 The scores of each index

Supplier	Z₁	Z₂	Z₃
1	−3.80284	3.010255	3.54424522
2	−3.08909	−7.669	−0.57220002
3	−7.30337	3.08135712	−2.35426568
4	14.1953	1.57738807	−0.61777823

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