Let, i = 1, 2, be i.i.d samples from two normal populations, i = 1, 2. Four parameters are assumed to be unknown and not necessarily equal. Behrens-Fisher problem is to give the interval estimation of the parameter.

In the case of 1) but unknown; 2) and, we can use frequentist approach to solve Behrens-Fisher problem; In general case, we usually use of large sample theory to find the approximate confidence interval [1] .

In Bayesian inference, researchers typically rely on a posterior distribution to make inference on a parameter of interest, where the posterior is often viewed as a “distribution estimator” [2] for the parameter.

Confidence Distribution is one such a “distribution estimator” that can be defined and interpreted in a frequentist framework, in which the parameter is a fixed and non-random quantity. The concept of confidence distribution has a long history. The following definition is proposed and utilized in Schweder & Hjort (2002) [3] and Singh et al. (2005, 2007) [4] [5] .

Definition 1.1: Given: is the parameter space of the unknown parameter of interest; X is the sample space corresponding to sample data. We called the function a confidence distribution (CD) for a parameter, if

1) For each given, is a cumulative distribution function on;

2) At the true parameter value, , as a function of the samplex, follows the uniform distribution U[0,1].

Also, the function is an asymptotic confidence distribution, if the U[0,1] requirement is true only asymptotically.

And, we got a theorem in the author’s another paper [6] :

Theorem 1.1: If for each given, is a cumulative distribution function on, then we can get that at the true parameter value, , as a function of the samplex, follows the uniform distribution U[0,1].

According to Theorem 1.1, we can see that if the meet the condition 1) in the Definition 1.1; then we can proof meet the condition 2) in the Definition 1.1. So is a confidence distribution.

To put it simply, Confidence Distribution is a distribution of the parameter, we can know almost all of the information of the parameter. But methods to the construction of the Confidence Distribution are not unique, so we can get different Confidence Distributions and then find the optimal one.

According to the conclusion of the author’s another paper: in both small sample size and big sample size, the effectiveness of WS and CA are relatively close, but CA is a little better then WS in the optimality; And then we consider the forms of WS and CA are relatively simple.

So we choose WS and CA to combine Confidence Distribution. The following are the conclusions of WS and CA.

1) WS Distribution’s density function:

where.

2) CA Distribution’s density function:

where parameters in are the solutions of the following equations:

Multiplying likelihood functions from independent sources constitutes a standard method for combining parametric information. Naturally, this suggests multiplying CD densities and normalizing to possibly derive combined CDs as follows [3] :

where and are Confidence Distribution densities from L independent studies.

Now, we use the P Combination to combine WS and CA:

Theorem 2.1: is a Confidence Distribution of.

Proof: Obviously, the is a cumulative distribution function of, meet the condition 1) in definition 1.1; according to theorem 1.1, meet the condition 2) in definition 1.1. So is a Confidence Distribution of.

Then we consider an asymptotic normality method based on asymptotic Confidence Distributions [7] :

where, here we let are means of normal samples, .

Now, we use the AN Combination to combine WS and CA:

where.

Theorem 2.2: is a asymptotic Confidence Distribution of.

Proof: Let, The normality based asymptotic Confidence Distribution is, with asymptotic Confidence Distribution density, Consider the combined function with input asymptotic Confidence Distribution densities, so is a asymptotic Confidence Distribution of.

First of all, we need to consider the effectiveness of the Confidence Distribution in Behrens-Fisher problem. Here, we define the effectiveness of the Confidence Distribution:

In this problem, we have a very small sample. In the numerical simulation, we define:

where, I is a indicative function. The more is close to, the more Confidence Distribution is efficient.

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Both and are Confidence Distribution of, if and, then we call is better than at the confidence level on [5] [8] .

In the case of similar effectiveness, we consider the length of the confidence interval, the shorter length of the confidence interval corresponding Confidence Distribution is optimum.

According to the result of numerical simulation (Table 1), we can see:

Where PC is for P Combination; ANC is for AN Combination.

1) With the increase of sample size, the effectiveness of each Confidence Distribution and combining Confidence Distribution increase.

2) The effectiveness of PC and ANC is better than WS and CA.