<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">OJDM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Open Journal of Discrete Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2161-7635</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/ojdm.2016.62009</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">OJDM-65385</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  On Polynomials &lt;i&gt;R&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;(x) Related to the Stirling Numbers and the Bell Polynomials Associated with the &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-Adic Integral on &lt;img src=&quot;http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\mathbb{Z}_{p}&quot; title=&quot;\mathbb{Z}_{p}&quot; /&gt;
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>ui</surname><given-names>Young Lee</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cheon</surname><given-names>Seoung Ryoo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>normaliz@hnu.kr(UYL)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>06</volume><issue>02</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>29</day>	<month>February</month>	<year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>accepted</day>	<month>5</month>	<year>April</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>8</day>	<month>April</month>	<year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  In this paper, one introduces the polynomials 
  R<sub>n</sub>(x) and numbers 
  R<sub>n</sub> and derives some interesting identities related to the numbers and polynomials: 
  R<sub>n</sub> and 
  R<sub>n</sub>(x). We also give relation between the Stirling numbers, the Bell numbers, the 
  R<sub>n</sub> and 
  R<sub>n</sub>(x).
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>The Euler Numbers and Polynomials</kwd><kwd> The Stirling Numbers</kwd><kwd> The Bell Polynomials and Numbers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Recently, many mathematicians have studied the area of the Stirling numbers, the Euler numbers and polynomials (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref1">1</xref>] - [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref11">11</xref>] ). We studied some properties of the polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x15.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and numbers <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x16.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in com- plex field (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref12">12</xref>] ). In this paper, based on the Euler numbers and polynomials, we define the numbers <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x17.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x18.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by using the p-adic integrals on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x19.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in p-adic field. Then, we get some interesting properties and relations of the Stirling numbers, the<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and the Bell numbers. It is interesting that the Euler polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> to be define in this paper have a different structure (see [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>]). Zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are a symmetric structure but zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are not.</p><p>Throughout this paper, we use the following notations. By<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we denote the ring of p-adic rational integers, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>denotes the field of p-adic rational numbers, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>denotes the completion of algebraic closure of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>denotes the set of natural numbers, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>denotes the ring of rational integers, Q denotes the field of rational</p><p>numbers, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>denotes the set of complex numbers, and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> denote the binomial coefficient. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be the normalized exponential valuation of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>For</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula416"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x37.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>the fermionic p-adic integral on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is defined by T. Kim as below:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula417"><label>(cf. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref5">5</xref>] ). (1.1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x39.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>If we take <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in (1.1), then we easily see that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula418"><label>(1.2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x41.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From (1.2), we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula419"><label>(1.3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x42.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (cf. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref5">5</xref>] - [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref10">10</xref>] ).</p><p>The classical Euler polynomials are defined by the following generating function</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula420"><label>(1.4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x44.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>with the usual convention of replacing <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x45.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x45.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. In generally, the original Euler numbers are when</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and normalizing by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> gives the Euler number as following:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula421"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x49.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>But in this paper, Euler numbers are when<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. In other words, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and in this paper, Euler numbers mean the Euler numbers having a generating function as below(cf. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref5">5</xref>] - [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref10">10</xref>] ):</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula422"><label>(1.5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x52.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The Stirling number of the second kind <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the number of partitions of n things into r non-empty sets; it is positive if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and zero for other values of r (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref1">1</xref>] ). It satisfies the recurrence relation</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula423"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x55.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The generating function of the Stirling numbers is defined as below:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula424"><label>(1.6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x56.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>As well known definition, the Bell polynomials are defined by Bell (1934) as below</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula425"><label>(1.7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x57.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Also, let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be denote the Stirling numbers of the second kind. Then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula426"><label>(1.8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x59.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>In the special case, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>are called the n-th Bell numbers.</p><p>The motivation of this paper is the Euler numbers and Bell numbers’s generating function. From this idea, we induce some interesting properties related to the Stirling numbers, the Bell numbers, the Euler numbers and the<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Our aim in this paper is to define analogue Euler numbers and polynomials. We investigate some properties which are related to<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Especially, we derive the relations of the Stirling numbers and the<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, the<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. An Introduction to Numbers <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and Polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title><p>Our primary goal of this section is to define numbers <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and polynomials<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. We also find the witt’s formula for numbers <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by (1.2).</p><p>By (1.2) and using p-adic integral on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we get as below:</p><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x73.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula427"><label>(2.1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x74.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Hence, by (2.1) we get the following:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula428"><label>(2.2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x75.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Also, Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x76.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. By the same method (2.1), we get the following:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula429"><label>(2.3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x77.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From (2.2) and (2.3), we define numbers and polynomials<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x79.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>as below:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula430"><label>(2.4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x80.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula431"><label>(2.5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x81.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>respectively.</p><p>From above definition, one easily has the Witt’s formula as below:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula432"><label>(2.6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x82.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula433"><label>(2.7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x83.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>with the usual convention of replacing <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> respectively. In the special case, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>are called the n-th R-numbers.</p><p>From (2.6) and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x88.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula434"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x89.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Hence, we get the following;</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula435"><label>(2.8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x90.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x91.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the Euler numbers.</p><p>Also, from (2.5) and by simple calculus, one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula436"><label>(2.9)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x92.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From (2.8) and (2.9), we get some polynomials as below:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula437"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x93.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Basic Properties for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x94.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x94.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x95.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Related to the Stirling Numbers, the Bell Numbers and the Euler Numbers</title><p>From (2.5) and by the simple calculation</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula438"><label>(3.1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x96.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x97.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are the Bell polynomials.</p><p>By comparing the coefficients of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x98.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on the both sides of the above equation, we get the following the</p><p>theorem immediately.</p><p>Theorem 1. For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x99.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x99.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x100.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula439"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x101.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x102.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are the Bell polynomials.</p><p>From (2.5), one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula440"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x103.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x104.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then from (1.2)</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula441"><label>(3.2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x105.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>By comparing the coefficients of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x106.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on the both sides of the above equation, we get the following theorem</p><p>immediately.</p><p>Theorem 2. For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x107.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x107.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x108.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x107.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x108.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x109.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be the stirling numbers. Then, one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula442"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x110.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x111.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x111.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x112.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are the Euler polynomials and the Euler numbers respectively. And</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula443"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x113.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x114.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the n-th Bell polynomial.</p><p>Also, from (2.1) one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula444"><label>(3.3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x115.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>By comparing the coefficients of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x116.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on the both sides of the above equation, we get the following theorem immediately.</p><p>Theorem 3. For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x117.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x117.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x118.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula445"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x119.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x120.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then from (1.3), we derive the following:</p><p>Left side of (1.3) is as below:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula446"><label>(3.4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x121.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and right side of (1.3) is as below:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula447"><label>(3.5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x122.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Hence, from (3.4) and (3.5), we get the following theorem.</p><p>Theorem 4. For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x123.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x123.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x124.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula448"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x125.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x126.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x126.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x127.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are the Euler polynomials and numbers respectively.</p><p>By using the definition of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x128.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and simple calculation, we get the following:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula449"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x129.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and the equality above is expressed as follows:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula450"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x130.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>It is well known that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x131.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. By the definition <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x131.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x132.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and some calculation, we get the fol- lowing:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula451"><label>(3.6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x133.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Hence, one has the following theorem.</p><p>Theorem 5. For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x134.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x134.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x135.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula452"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x136.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x137.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are the Bell polynomials.</p><p>By the same method above Theorem 5, we get the corollary as follows:</p><p>Corollary 6. For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x138.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x138.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x139.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula453"><label>(3.7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x140.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x141.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are the Bell polynomials.</p><p>It is well known that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x142.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the generating function of the Euler polynomials. We substitude <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x142.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x143.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for</p><p>t in the generating function of the Euler polynomials as below:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula454"><label>(3.8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x144.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The left-hand-side of (3.8) is</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula455"><label>(3.9)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x145.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The right-hand-side of (3.8) is</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula456"><label>(3.10)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x146.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>By (3.9),(3.10) and comparing the coefficient of both sides, we get the following theorem.</p><p>Theorem 7. For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x147.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x147.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x148.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula457"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x149.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x150.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x150.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x151.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are the Euler polynomials and the Bell polynomials respectively.</p><p>It is not difficult to see that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula458"><label>(3.11)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x152.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From the expression (3.11), one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula459"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x153.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Specially, if<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x154.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula460"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x155.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x156.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are the n-th Bell polynomials.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. Zeros of the Bell Polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x157.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and the Polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x157.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x158.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title><p>In this section, we investigate the zeros of the Bell, Euler, and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x159.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> polynomials by using a computer.</p><p>From (1.7), we get some polynomials as below:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula461"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x160.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We plot the zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x161.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x161.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x162.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>). In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref> (top-left), we choose<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x161.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x162.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x163.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref> (top-right), we choose<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x161.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x162.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x163.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x164.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref> (bottom-left), we choose <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x161.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x162.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x163.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x164.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x165.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref> (bottom-right), we choose<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x161.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x162.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x163.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x164.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x165.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x166.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Next, we plot the zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x168.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>). In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref> (left), we choose <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x168.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x169.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and plot of zeros of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x168.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x169.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x170.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref> (middle), we choose <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x168.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x169.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x170.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x171.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and plot of zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x168.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x169.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x170.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x171.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x172.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref> (right),we choose <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x168.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x169.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x170.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x171.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x172.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x173.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and plot of zeros of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x168.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x169.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x170.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x171.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x172.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x173.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x174.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Our numerical results for numbers of real and complex zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x175.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x175.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x176.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are displayed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>.</p><p>We observe a remarkably regular structure of the complex roots of the Bell polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and polynomials<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x178.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. We hope to verify a remarkably regular structure of the complex roots of the Bell polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x178.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x179.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x178.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x179.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x180.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>). Prove that the numbers of complex zeros <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x178.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x179.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x180.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x181.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x178.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x179.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x180.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x181.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x182.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is</p><disp-formula id="scirp.65385-formula462"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x183.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Next, we calculate an approximate solution satisfying<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x184.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The results are given in <xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref>.</p><p>Stacks of zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> from a 3-D structure are presented (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref>). Next, we present stacks of zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x187.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x187.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x188.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> from a 3-D structure. In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref> (left), stacks of zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x187.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x188.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x189.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x187.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x188.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x189.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x190.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> from a 3D structure are presented. In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref> (middle), stacks of zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x187.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x188.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x189.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x190.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x191.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x187.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x188.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x189.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x190.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x191.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x192.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> from a 3D structure are presented. In <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref> (right), stacks of zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x187.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x188.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x189.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x190.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x191.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x192.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x193.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x187.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x188.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x189.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x190.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x191.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x192.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x193.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x194.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> from a 3D structure are presented .</p><p>Since n is the degree of the polynomial<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x195.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, the number of real zeros <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x195.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x196.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> lying on the real plane <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x195.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x196.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x197.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is then<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x195.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x196.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x197.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x198.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x195.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x196.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x197.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x198.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x199.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> denotes complex zeros. See <xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref> for tabulated values of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x195.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x196.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x197.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x198.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x199.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x200.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x195.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x196.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x197.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x198.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x199.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x200.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x201.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Prove or disprove: <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x195.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x196.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x197.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x198.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x199.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x200.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x201.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x202.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>has n distinct solutions. Find the numbers of complex</p><fig id="fig1"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref></label><caption><title> Zeros of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x204.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x203.png"/></fig><fig id="fig2"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref></label><caption><title> Zeros of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x206.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x206.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x207.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x206.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x207.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x208.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x205.png"/></fig><fig id="fig3"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref></label><caption><title> Zeros of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x210.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x210.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x211.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x210.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x211.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x212.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x209.png"/></fig><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> Numbers of real and complex zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x213.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x213.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x214.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >Degree n</th><th align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x215.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></th><th align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x216.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Real zeros</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Complex zeros</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Real zeros</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Complex zeros</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >12</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >12</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >13</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >13</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >8</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="table2" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref></label><caption><title> Approximate solutions of B<sub>n</sub>(x) = 0</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >Degree n</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >x</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1, 0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0, −2.6180, −0.3820</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−4.491, −1.343, −0.1658</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−6.51, −2.65, −0.762, −0.076</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−8.63, −4.18, −1.70, −0.453, −0.04</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>zeros <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x217.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x217.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x218.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Using numerical investigation, we observed the behavior of complex roots of the Euler polynomials<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x217.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x218.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x219.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. By means of numerical experiments, we demonstrate a remarkably regular structure of the complex roots of the Euler polynomials <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x217.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x218.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x219.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x220.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref12">12</xref>] ). The theoretical prediction on the zeros of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x217.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x218.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x219.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x220.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x221.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is await for further study. These figures give mathematicians an unbounded capacity to create visual mathematical investigations of the behavior of the roots of the<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x217.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x218.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x219.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x220.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x221.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x222.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. For more studies and results in this subject, you may see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref12">12</xref>] - [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.65385-ref14">14</xref>] .</p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>This research was supported by Hannam University Research Fund, 2015.</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>Cite this paper</title><p>Hui Young Lee,Cheon Seoung Ryoo, (2016) On Polynomials R<sub>n</sub>(x) Related to the Stirling Numbers and the Bell Polynomials Associated with the p-Adic Integral on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/6-1200278x223.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Open Journal of Discrete Mathematics,06,89-98. doi: 10.4236/ojdm.2016.62009</p></sec><sec id="s7"><title>NOTES</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.65385-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Rennie, B.C. and Dobson, A.J. 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