Train Running Diagram of train operation is mainly based on business requirements and train timetable historical data on pre-scheduled. Nowadays the trains are running faster and faster; therefore track time is getting shorter by the finite number of steps; so determining a viable and effective operation scheme becomes more important. Currently the train running diagram research is mainly divided into two aspects, single and double lane sections, which two aspects of train running diagram represent the main direction of the research.

The primarily of railways operating lines can be divided into single-track railway, double-track railway, but there are three and four track railways. Therefore, a single and double track section of the train running diagram is a focus of the study. Single-track railway has only one main line of the railway, in the same interval or occlusion of the same area, at the same time allowing only one train running. Double-track section of the railway line has two main lines which are divided into uplink and downlink. Under normal circumstances, up and down trains are driven in the uplink and downlink line, respectively.

It establishes the train operation diagram optimization model for a single track section and designs a freight train plan optimization method [1] . Operation diagram phased optimization methods can effectively reduce the solution space and the complexity of the algorithm. To shortest the total running time in a single train route, you can use a lower bound for the Quadratic Assignment Problem based upon a semidefinite relaxation and a cutting planes approach to reducing the solution space, and use branch and bound method to obtain a feasible schedule [2] . For the two-lane you need to change the Way Traffic blocking situations, and design different time periods between stations based on Way Traffic Lanes switching method [3] . This method can improve the transport capacity of the line and driving safety by using Automatic Block for two passenger trains which are running in both sides of single line. This method can improve passenger and freight train running through the section of line capacity [4] . Currently, most train operation diagrams are prepared separately for a single and a double-lane; it is designed simultaneously in a single one. The flexible application of double track line train working diagram algorithm is of important significance.

Since 1964, Japan built the world’s first 1210 kilometers per hour high-speed passenger line, the French, German, Spanish, Italian, South Korea and China Taiwan and other countries and other regions have built high- speed passenger line, the speed from 210 km to 270 km, 300 km, 350 km range. As countries develop passenger line construction, Passenger Train Working Diagram received widespread attention.

Literature [5] Passenger train speed combined with high mixed passenger trains run at different speeds and other characteristics of Passenger train diagram compilation principles and processes, plan alternate run line shop run chart preparation and holidays elaborated. According to traffic on weekdays and holidays passenger travel different actual situation, the passenger line utilization plan is divided into weekdays and holiday’s utilization plan utilization plan is working diagram PDL a big research focus. Literature [6] through analysis of the EMU Passenger various application methods, developed a Passenger EMU cyclical utilization plan. Literature [7] Passenger trains on China’s type and grade, run chart cycle, run chart basic parameters and laying plans to run sequence diagram compilation principles such as are described, put forward China Passenger traffic-intensive sector map for cyclical operation mode. Literature [8] for Dedicated Passenger Lines moment, stop programs relatively fixed in each period, punctuality rate, running time is cyclical characteristics, combined with China’s passenger line running lines of the actual situation is proposed based on the periodic collation train operation diagram model. Passenger periodically run is actually an approximate cycle mode; the actual situation should develop a combination of cyclical and non-cyclical run chart pattern. Literature [9] Passenger Railway from the actual situation, is designed based on improved genetic algorithm Passenger train diagram optimization strategy proposed train diagram shop zoned layered overlay model. Literature [10] Passenger train operation diagram for the basic model and type of preparation, preparation principles, key technologies and related measures such as the preparation of the main problems were analyzed. At present, China’s Passenger Train Working Diagram of the theory and methods is to learn from the existing single lane preparing train diagram theory and calculation method, a new set of operating characteristics meet the PDL preparation theory worthy of further study. A single Passenger train diagram model and algorithm development to full-scale passenger special line network, as well as the Passenger train diagram model and existing common across the line train operation diagram models combined with great research value and application value.

Currently, the majority of train operation adjustment is offline methods, real-time method is relatively small. Real-time adjustment of train operation is increasing with the increased complexity of the railway network and the development of computer technology. For the transport of heavy task, the line through the high capacity of the line, the transport of small fluctuations are likely to affect a wide range of normal operation of the train. Therefore, the train runs real-time adjustment problems of great significance and practical value. Literature [11] proposed a railway crossing train running real-time scheduling programming model by model integration into decision support system; operators can make use of the model proposed solutions to change the order of train routes and to avoid conflicts of train operation and delays. Literature [12] for a fixed or moving block signaling system of large-scale railway network, presents an advanced traffic management system (Traffic Management System, TMS). TMS includes two real-time models: model train dispatching and line speed programming model. The former alternative based graph model to provide solutions to resolve the conflict; latter by changing the speed of trains running to execute the former resulting adjustment program. TMS can prevent and bring real- time constraints interfere with parking and reduce train delays, improve the efficiency of train operation. Literature [13] according to the principles of train operation adjustment and basic methods, the design of double track section to adjust the mathematical model of train operation and use three Swarms Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization to solve and improve the model solution fast, the train run real-time decision support played a very good role adjustment.

Train detection system needs to have a high real-time, in order to keep abreast of the train dispatcher train each part of the state information, and timely adjustment of train operation plan, to achieve real-time scheduling train. To this end, the literature [14] uses a real-time performance better train detection system as the application of RTLinux operating system, through the RTLinux real-time system is divided into parts and non-real-time part to achieve the system’s operation, to ensure the system in real time. Literature [15] considered a safe distance between the train and the train speed between front and rear adjacent coordination, design time block model, using iterative algorithm to obtain real-time adjustment of train operation solutions. Literature [16] for high- speed trains running system parameters and external resistance is unknown, an adaptive control method to achieve high accuracy and speed of train position tracking control. Literature [17] event-based control technology applied to the inter-station subway train operation control, the establishment of a mechanical model of the subway train, which according to the distance of the train trains running in real-time adjustments. Position and speed of the train accurate detection approach can predict in advance potential conflicts and make real-time solution to achieve real-time adjustment of train operation.

Train running programs on real-time adjustments to avoid or reduce the train running off with a predetermined value. To achieve real-time adjustment of train operation is an important prerequisite to be able to train the system in a timely manner all dynamic information feedback to the train dispatcher, therefore, to improve the real-time train detection systems and train position, speed, high-precision tracking control has important research value.

Since the transport industry competition intensifies, especially aviation and road transport continues to grow and improve the competitiveness of rail transport is the best way to provide different train services, so that the train service diversification, to meet different needs. Meanwhile, with the train service between operators increased competition, the train insert and cancel the service has become very popular, as train dispatcher facing important issues. Therefore, for the train to insert or cancel service modeling and analysis, rational planning of train running status, is of great practical significance. Literature [18] for passenger and freight trains running on the same lines, passenger train running schedule unchangeable situation, study how to insert additional lines freight trains, single line proposed integer linear programming model, using a pull-based Lagrangian heuristic slack variables, the goal is to ensure close freight train running time program schedule, based on the insertion of additional freight train as much as possible, while the newly inserted Construction freight train schedule. Literature [19] for rail operators need to provide rail lines to third parties caused by the train into the case, to discuss how to increase the train services that SATS (Scheduling Additional Train Services) problem. SATS as it will have limited time window, fixed operation and maintenance services, etc. constraints of the train scheduling problem is proposed based train disjunctive graph model building algorithm and simulated annealing optimization algorithm, by changing the time window constraints and fixed operations, etc. conditions, to coordinate the various needs of the customer or operator. Insert the train service can ensure that a given train run by drawing on the basis of possible insert more train services, improve the utilization of the railway line. And insert train service conversely, if a train service is not at its scheduled within the time required, it may be canceled or replaced by another train service, this time in the SATS mechanisms need to include cancellation mechanism.

Forecasts of future events and results will be studied and evaluated. By train running forecast may encounter interference that may occur in advance of the line conflict problem solving, and thus to adjust train running programs to train as much as possible on plans to run.

Literature [15] through precise monitoring train position and speed of the train running forecast potential conflicts in advance of conflict resolution, real-time adjustments to achieve the purpose of train operation. Literature [20] proposed a distributed concurrent design support conflict detection methods, the train bogie design conflicts were detected. This conflict detection method is developed for the design level, cannot meet the requirements of real-time collision detection, and can at any time to design a method for detecting the conflict have significant research value. Literature [21] according to the mechanism of train running conflict will conflict into four categories; high-speed trains running on Conflict Management Research were reviewed.

Train detection system in real time and precision as well as a well-run conflict detection method can better train dispatcher during the operation of the train may encounter conflicts forecast to develop conflict resolution in advance for train operation providing real-time adjustment options. Most real-time adjustment of train operation conflict prediction is using this idea. Conflict prediction and real-time adjustment in various researches, in some cases, the former embodiment can be provided for the latter option.