This study is a preparation phase for visualization of utilized information using ergonomic user interface and standardization of elements for anti-air radar screen. Therefore, we investigated the instances of anti-air radar screen for air defense weapon system for defense advanced country. Based on the collected data, we compared and analyzed the air defense weapon system radar screen design. In addition, we carry out a research for layout, configuration, standardization and design of the radar screen’s elements. Ultimately, it is essential to share a variety of battle field conditions such as enemy threat, enemy/friendly information, terrain information that can be effectively recognized. In this paper, we conduct case study for ergonomically development of automated/standardized radar screen. It is expected that this research improves the situational awareness and reduces the user’s task load.
Anti-Air Radar Screen Air Defense Weapon System Human Interface Ergronomics Situational Awareness Task Load1. Introduction
It will be expected to lead to major changes of mission operation environment for air defense mission in the future shown as Table 1. According to dramatically improvement of missile target detection range with the development of radar detection technology and missile propellants, ballistic missile’s flight speed and accuracy are also improved. Thus, it is necessary to quickly and effectively exhibit the enemy missiles that fly at rapid speed because ballistic missile will fly at Mach 3 to 10 in the future. Future integrated battlefield environment is required exhibition of various elements such as atmosphere, climate, terrain, enemy/friendly information factor [1]. Therefore, the study of the radar screen configuration suitable for mission operation environment condition is required. Table 2 shows direction of design for anti-air radar screen. As a result, effective handle is possible, grasp the trajectory of ballistic missile three-dimensionally [2]. Applying a touch-screen with a zoom-in function that can be observed a particular area of the wide range of attacks and it must be able to obtain detailed informa-
Major changes of mission operation environment
Changed Situation
Requirements
Increase in detection range and missile propellant range
Development of radar detection and missile propulsion technology Target detection range is dramatically increased Missile range, flying speed, accuracy are improved Expansion of scope for battle field
Short time of the battle by the fast flight speed of ballistic missile
The speed of the ballistic missile is faster than normal aircraft speed The high-speed combat will be occurred Quick and liquidity of certain capability will be required
Increased probability to engage with an number of target
Clear situation awareness of commanders is required Fast and precise command decision is required
Direction of design for radar screen
Direction of Design in Changed Situation
Description
Zoom-in/out function through the touch-screen
Ability to see wide range of attacks quickly using zoom-function Display detailed information that does not degrade the overall situational awareness when zooming
Switch function/ Simultaneous display function 2D, 2.5D, 3D (dimension)
Determine the trajectory of the ballistic missile in 3D as well as 2D Determine efficiencies for various radar screen’s component layout
Rapid and accurate situational awareness
Utilization of agronomical symbol for component of radar screen Representation of friendly/enemy/missile/asset with high readability Quick and accurate threat analysis through rapid situational awareness
Expression of intensive information through the large screen
Apply high-resolution LCD touch-screen Minimize the time to load information Prevention of essential missing information
tion to that area. In addition, represent assets of enemy and friendly using the symbol based on ergonomics of the radar screen’s elements and then it should be designed to allow rapid situation awareness. Through a large screen like a 30-inch LCD touch-screen allows broad sense representations of information, further it must be minimize the time to import battlefield information [3].
2. Case StudyAir Defense Weapon System Radar Screen
Case study for 12 kinds of radar screen for air defense weapon systems.
Attack range/altitude, mission, intercept altitude, operating country etc.
Threat information, friendship information, tactical situation information, the operation of the tactical map equipment, the type of air defense weapon system components etc.
Air defense weapon system radar screen’s configuration and layout.
Major Air defense weapon systems are shown as Table 3.
Tables 4-7 show results of analysis for radar screen.
3. Results
This study analyzes the common characteristics and flow of air defense weapon system’s radar screen. Also features of each radar screen elements are analyzed as a graph.
3.1. Radar Screen Shape/Location/Background/Color
Analysis results of shape, location, color for radar screen
3.2. Radar Screen Text Information and Tactical Map
Analysis results of text information and tactical map for radar screen
Major air defense weapon systems
Air Defense Weapon System
Nation
Attack Range/Altitude
THAAD
USA (Lockheed)
200/100
Patriot (PAC-1, 2, 3)
USA (Raytheon)
160/24
Arrow-2, 3
USA + Israel
100/50
MEADS
USA + Germany + Italy
30 (Detection Range)
PANTSIR-S1
Russia
32/15
Tor M-1
Russia
25/12
OSA
Russia
15/12
S-300/400
Russia
25/70
Polyana d4m1
Russia
2400 (Detection Range)
SAMP/T
France
40/15
MCDS
Italy
30/15
4. Conclusion
Radar screen which form is circular shape onto a quadrangle screen taking the largest proportion. Position of radar screen mostly is displayed on the left side of its screen. Its background’s color is usually dark color such as black, blue, indigo. Text information of radar screen is normally on its right side. Recent radar screen system has evolved into free-form with adapting its components to user’s convenience. Recent trend of radar screen is including Tactical map into its components. Previous trend is using 2D color Tactical map. In the future warfare, radar screen will need 2.5D, 3D Tactical map. Most of radar screens have 4 monitor up down left right side. The number of user will be 2 or 3, and their assignments are detecting radar screen, management of arm and total control. Table 8 shows results.
Radar screen layout analysis (1)
Name
THAAD
Patriot PAC-1, 2 (old type)
Patriot PAC-3 (the newest)
Radar Screen Layout
Radar Screen
Shape
Quadrangle
Circle
Circle in Quadrangle
Location
Whole screen
Center of screen
Center of screen
Color (Background/Symbol)
Blue/White
Black/Green
Black/Various color
Text Info.
Shape
N/A
Text type
Text type
Location
N/A
Bottom of screen
Bottom of screen
Color
White
Green
White
Tactical Map (Available/Resolution/Color)
Available/2D/Color
N/A
Available/2D/Color
Number of Operator
2
3
3
Role
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation, Whole situational awareness
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation, Whole situational awareness
Total Display
2
2
4
Radar screen layout analysis (2)
Name
Arrow-3
MEADS
Pantsir-S1 MD
Radar Screen Layout
Radar Screen
Shape
Circle in Quadrangle
Quadrangle
Circle
Location
Left of screen
Left of screen
Left of screen
Color (Background/Symbol)
Blue/White
N/A
Black/Red, Yellow
Text Info.
Shape
Window Box type
Window Box type
Window Box type
Location
Right of screen
Right of screen
Right of screen
Color
N/A
N/A
Various Color
Tactical Map (Available/Resolution/Color)
Available/2D/Color
Available/2D/Color
Available/2D/Color
Number of Operator
2
2
2
Role
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation
Total Display
4
4
2
Radar screen layout analysis (3)
Name
Tor M-1 (old type)
Tor M-1 (the newest)
OSA-2
Radar Screen Layout
Radar Screen
Shape
Quadrangle
Circle in Quadrangle
Circle
Location
Whole screen
Left of screen
Left of screen
Color (Background/Symbol)
Black/Green
Black/Blue
Black/Red, Yellow
Text Info.
Shape
N/A
Window Box type
Window Box type
Location
Exclusive Display
Right of screen
Right of screen (Flexible layout)
Color
Red
Various Color
Various Color
Tactical Map (Available/Resolution/Color)
N/A
Available/2D/Color
Available/2D/Color
Number of Operator
2
3
3
Role
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation, Whole situational awareness
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation, Whole situational awareness
Total Display
4
4
3
Radar screen layout analysis (4)
Name
S-300
Polyana D4M1
SAMP/T
Radar Screen Layout
Radar Screen
Shape
Circle in Quadrangle
Quadrangle
Circle in Quadrangle
Location
Left of screen
Left of screen
Left of screen
Color (Background/Symbol)
Black/Various Color
White/Black, Red, Blue
Black/Various Color
Text Info.
Shape
Window Box type
Window Box type
Window Box type
Location
Right of screen (Flexible layout)
Right of screen
Right of screen
Color
Various Color
Black
Various Color
Tactical Map (Available/Resolution/Color)
N/A
Available/2D/White & Black
Available/2D/Color
Number of Operator
2
7
3
Role
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation, Whole situational awareness
Radar detection, Targeting and Fire operation, Whole situational awareness
Total Display
4
7
5
Radar screen layout analysis results
Division
Analysis Results
Case of Air Defense Weapon System
Radar Screen Feature
Circle Radar Screen
Patriot series, S-300, Tor M-1, Arrow-3
Radar Screen Location
Left of Display
Arrow-3, Pantsir-S1 etc.
Radar Screen Color
Black
SAMP/T, MCDS, OSA etc.
Text Information Location
Right side of Radar Screen
Pantsir-S1, Arrow-3 etc.
Tactical Map Feature
2D Tactical Map
THHAD, the Newest Patriot etc.
Tactical Map Color
Color Type
THHAD, the Newest Patriot etc.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Agency for Defense Development (ADD) under the Contract No. UD140066CD. The authors wish to express sincere gratitude for the financial support.
Cite this paper
Jungwan Hong,Suhwan Kim,Yongjin Kwon, (2015) Analysis of Modern Design Approach for Anti-Air Radar Screen. Journal of Computer and Communications,03,140-145. doi: 10.4236/jcc.2015.311022
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