Diagnosing and treating aggressive people has been an increasing concern to clinicians, health institutes, and humanity as a whole. Some theorists believe that aggression is a type of antisocial behavior in which one delibe- rately aims to harm person, or objects [1] . In other words, anger is a maladaptive effort at stealing with a stressful environment, resulting in more personal discomfort and greater conflict [2] [3] . There are three kinds of agg- ression in terms of the form or type of aggressive behavior such as physical aggression, verbal aggression, and relational aggression. Physical aggression is aggressive behavior characterized by punching, hitting, slapping, kicking, scratching, and similar actions intended to do physical harm. The other observed types of aggression― verbal and relational aggression―do not involve physical harm and are more common as children acquire enhanced verbal and social sophistication [4] . Verbal aggression involves face-to-face encounters in which one harms another person or persons through malicious teasing, name calling, insults, threats, or other similar behavior [5] . Relational aggression refers to manipulate behavior intended to harm social relationships or damage social status [5] .

However, recent researches have concentrated on anger as an adaptive mechanism for coping with obstructed aims and perceived threats [2] [6] . Healthy anger has been differentiated from unhealthy anger in terms of how effectively the emotion provides the basic needs of the individual [7] . For instance, the anger response was healthy if a person made a quirky remark in an angry response to a coworker’s rude comment since he positively resolved the situation. In contrast, if the person punched the rude coworker, which led to endanger employment, the anger response was unhealthy.

People with high level of angry are often unable to suitably manage stress and therefore become frustrated, which certainly leads to increased anger [2] [7] [8] . They may become angry in conditions where it is not a useful emotion and may have difficulty in resolving the anger successfully. Therefore, anger can be powerful forces to prepare and protect individuals from harm. The failure to experience this emotion in the face of threat might result in decreased coping resources. However, this emotion can become problematic if they are evoked too frequently or too intensely, or if they remain for a long period of time.

In addition, anger is significant predictor of poor health and can cause impairment in individual’s satisfaction, health, and interpersonal relationships [9] . Various studies also show that there is a relationship between tendency to experience anger and different factors such as low self-esteem, unemployment, educational problems, interpersonal difficulties and mental health [10] .

Mental health is defined as a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of a mental disorder. The person with mental illness encounters with several problems in daily life, such as at work or in relationships [11] [12] . These problems often cause the feelings of sadness, stress or nerves. Many of these problems may lead to personal and social difficulties or reactions to life events such as physical illness or unemployment [13] . Previous research demonstrated that nearly half of the world’s population was influenced by mental illness with an impact on their relationships, self-esteem and ability to function in everyday life [14] .

Therefore, previous studies have established valuable knowledge about the relationships between aggression and mental health [15] [16] . Numerous studies show that employment is useful for general mental health [17] . Conversely, aggression has a negative influence on employment and occupational behavior [18] . Therefore, much is to be understood on the moderating effect of occupation on these relationships. Furthermore, traditional roles of women have changed, to some extent, in developing countries. Therefore, they spend most of their time doing outdoor activities instead of doing just houseworks [19] . Because of the important role of women in affairs of family, job may consider as a stressor that has adverse effects on them and other family members and would decrease their quality of life [20] . Several researches indicate that there is constantly different role conflict between women’s indoor and outdoor activities and facing these problems is regarded as a risk factor for their mental health. Therefore, the main goal of the present study is to examine the moderating roles of occupation on the relationships between aggression and mental health. In addition, it is essential to further examine the specific conditions under which these moderating effects exist.

This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional survey and correlational research design. In the cross-sec- tional survey research design, all the information is gathered at a single time of the respondent’s life. The correlational method was used to find out the pattern of relationship between variables. Correlational research investigates the extent to which variables are related and the direction of the relations. There is no manipulation of the variables. Correlational design relates two or more variable measures from the same group of subjects [21] .

The means, standard deviations and alpha coefficients for each variable were calculated. Additionally zero-order correlations were performed to assess possible inter correlations among variables. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the interactive effects of aggression and the moderator variable (occupation) in predicting women’s mental health. To provide more information regarding the significant interaction effects, post-hoc probing techniques were performed using conditional moderator variables [24] [25] .

The purpose of the present study was to examine the moderating role of occupation on the association between anger and mental health between extroverted and introverted women. The first hypothesis regarding aggression and their associations with women’s mental health was supported that aggression was related to low level of mental health. This is consistent with the findings of previous researches [28] [29] which have shown that aggression is associated with mental illness. The second hypothesis regarding the moderating effect of occupation on the relationship between aggression and mental health was not supported. The present study makes several contributions to the literature by providing data on an important and understudied population of Iranian women and by bringing together a number of different constructs. In addition, the limitation of this study is related to the research designs. The design of the present study does not allow for the identification of causality. The findings are correlational and may be suggestive, but it is only through the use of longitudinal designs that causality could be investigated.

MaryamSafara,SomayehKeshavarz, (2015) The Moderating Effect of Occupation on the Relationship between Anger and Mental Health among Extroverted and Introverted Women. Open Journal of Medical Psychology,04,111-115. doi: 10.4236/ojmp.2015.44011