<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJMNTA</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2167-9479</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/ijmnta.2015.43014</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">IJMNTA-58922</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Engineering</subject><subject> Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Inertial Manifolds for 2D Generalized MHD System
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>haoqin</surname><given-names>Yuan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Guo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Guoguang</surname><given-names>Lin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, Yunnan University, Kunming, China</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>gglin@ynu.edu.cn(GL)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>03</issue><fpage>190</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>5</day>	<month>June</month>	<year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>accepted</day>	<month>16</month>	<year>August</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>20</day>	<month>August</month>	<year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  In this paper, we prove the existence of inertial manifolds for 2D generalized MHD system under the spectral gap condition.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>MHD System</kwd><kwd> Spectral Gap</kwd><kwd> Inertial Manifolds</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>In [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.58922-ref1">1</xref>] , Yuan, Guo and Lin prove the existence of global attractors and dimension estimation of a 2D genera- lized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula418"><label>(1.1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x5.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where u is the fluid velocity field, v is the magnetic field, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is the constant kinematic viscosity and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is constant magnetic diffusivity. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a bounded domain with a sufficiently smooth boundary<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x11.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. More results about inertial manifolds can be founded in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.58922-ref2">2</xref>] - [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.58922-ref11">11</xref>] .</p><p>In this paper, we consider the following 2D generalized MHD system:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula419"><label>(1.2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x12.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where u is the fluid velocity field, v is the magnetic field, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x13.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is the constant kinematic viscosity and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x14.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the constant magnetic diffusivity. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x15.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a bounded domain with a sufficiently smooth boundary<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x16.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x17.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we introduce basic concepts concerning inertial manifolds. In Section 3, we obtain the existence of the inertial manifolds.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Preliminaries</title><p>We rewrite the problem (1.2) as a first order differential equation, the problem (1.2) is equivalent to:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula420"><label>(2.1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x18.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x19.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula421"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x21.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Let H is a Banach space, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is norm of H, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is inner product of H, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for any solution <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of the problem (2.1), <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is norm of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 2.1. Suppose <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> denote the semi-group of solutions to the problem (2.l) in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, subset M is an inertial manifolds of the problem (2.l), that is M satisfying the following properties:</p><p>1. M is a finite dimensional Lipshitz manifold;</p><p>2. M is positively invariant under<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, that is, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>3. M is attracts every trajectory exponentially, i.e., for every<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula422"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x37.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We now recall some notions. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a closed linear operator on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> satisfying the following Standing Hypothesis 2.2.</p><p>Standing Hypothesis 2.2. We suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a positive definite, self-adjoint operator with a discrete spectrum, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>compacts in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x42.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Assume <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x42.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the orthonormal basis in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x42.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x44.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> consisting of the corresponding eigenfunctions of the operator<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x42.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x44.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x45.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Say</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula423"><label>(2.2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x46.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>each with finite multiplicity and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Let now <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be two successive and different eigenvalues with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, let further P be the orthogonal projection onto the first N eigenvectors of the operator<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x52.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Let the bound absorbing set<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we define a smooth truncated function by setting <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is defined as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula424"><label>(2.3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x55.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the problem (2.1) is equivalent to the following preliminary equation:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula425"><label>(2.4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x57.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Denote by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the orthogonal projection of H onto<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Set<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then Equation (2.4) is equivalent to</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula426"><label>(2.5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x62.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula427"><label>(2.6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x63.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Lemma 2.3. Defined by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of the problem (2.1) on the bounded set of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a Lipschitz function, for every<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, there exist a constant <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula428"><label>(2.7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x68.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proof. Assume<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, use the fact that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and using Poincare inequality<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x73.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula429"><label>(2.8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x74.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x75.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, so we can get</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula430"><label>(2.9)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x76.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Lemma 2.3 is proved. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x77.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Lemma 2.4. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be fixed, for any <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x79.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x79.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, there exist <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x79.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula431"><label>(2.10)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x82.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>otherwise, there exist constants <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are dependent on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula432"><label>(2.11)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x86.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula433"><label>(2.12)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x87.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x88.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Proof. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with initial values <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> respectively, are two different solutions of the problem (2.1), we have the fact that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x91.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x91.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x92.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Put<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x91.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x92.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x93.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, so we obtain that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula434"><label>(2.13)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x94.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Putting</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula435"><label>(2.14)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x95.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>For<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x96.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, taking the derivative of Equation (2.14) with respect to t,we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula436"><label>(2.15)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x97.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From Equation (2.13) and Equation (2.15), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula437"><label>(2.16)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x98.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We notice that Equation (2.14)</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula438"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x99.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>so we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula439"><label>(2.17)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x100.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>By Equation (2.16) and Equation (2.17), and use the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula440"><label>(2.18)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x101.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then using Lemma 2.3,we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula441"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x102.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>For<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x103.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, integrating the above inequality over<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x103.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x104.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula442"><label>(2.19)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x105.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x106.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is given as in Lemma 2.3.</p><p>By multiplying (2.13) by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x107.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, using Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and Lemma 2.3, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula443"><label>(2.20)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x108.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Using Holder inequality, from Equation (2.20) we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula444"><label>(2.21)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x109.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>In Equation (2.19) setting<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x110.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula445"><label>(2.22)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x111.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula446"><label>(2.23)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x112.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>By Equation (2.21) and Equation (2.22), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula447"><label>(2.24)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x113.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Integrating Equation (2.24) between 0 and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x114.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula448"><label>(2.25)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x115.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>To complete the proof of Lemma 2.4, we consider the following two cases,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula449"><label>(2.26)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x116.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula450"><label>(2.27)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x117.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We only consider Equation (2.26), in this case,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula451"><label>(2.28)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x118.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x119.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is N + 1 eigenvector of the operator<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x119.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x120.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. By Equation (2.25) and Equation (2.28), we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula452"><label>(2.29)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x121.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>since<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x122.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, in Equation (2.29) setting<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x122.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x123.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, which proves Equation (2.11), where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x122.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x123.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x124.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x122.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x123.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x124.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x125.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Using again Equation (2.20), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula453"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x126.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>then we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula454"><label>(2.30)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x127.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Integrating Equation (2.30) between 0 and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x128.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, which proves Equation (2.12). Lemma 2.4 is proved. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x128.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x129.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Inertial Manifolds</title><p>In this section we will prove the existence of the inertial manifolds for solutions to the problem (2.1). We suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x130.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> satisfies Standing Hypothesis 2.2 and recall that P is the orthogonal projection onto the first N orthonormal eigenvectors of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x130.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x131.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Let constants <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x132.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be fixed, we define <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x132.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x133.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and denote the collection of all functions <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x132.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x133.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x134.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> satisfies</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula455"><label>(3.1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x135.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Note that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula456"><label>(3.2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x136.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>is the distance of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x137.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. So <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x137.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x138.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is completely space.</p><p>For every <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x139.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and the initial data<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x139.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x140.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, the initial value problem</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula457"><label>(3.3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x141.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>possesses a unique solution<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x142.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula458"><label>(3.4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x143.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x144.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and the unique solution <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x144.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x145.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in Equation (3.4) is a successive bounded mapping acts from <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x144.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x145.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x146.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> into<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x144.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x145.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x146.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x147.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Particularly, the function</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula459"><label>(3.5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x148.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x149.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, note that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x149.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x150.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula460"><label>(3.6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x151.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We need to prove the following two conclusions:</p><p>1. For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x152.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x152.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x153.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are sufficiently large, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x152.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x153.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x154.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a contraction.</p><p>2. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x155.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a unique fixed point in T, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x155.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x156.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a inertial manifold of 2D generalized MHD system.</p><p>So we give the following Lemmas.</p><p>Lemma 3.1. Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x157.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, so we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula461"><label>(3.7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x158.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Proof. The proof is similar to Temam [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.58922-ref3">3</xref>] . <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x159.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Lemma 3.2. Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x160.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x160.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x161.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, there exists constant <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x160.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x161.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x162.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula462"><label>(3.8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x163.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula463"><label>(3.9)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x164.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Proof. For any <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x165.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x165.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x166.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we denote<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x165.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x166.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, using Lemma 2.3 and see ([<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.58922-ref3">3</xref>] , Chapter 8: Lemma 2.1 and Lemma 2.2), we derive that there exists constant <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x165.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x166.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x167.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x168.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula464"><label>(3.10)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x169.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula465"><label>(3.11)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x170.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>which proves Equation (3.8). We now prove Equation (3.9), by the definition of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x171.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula466"><label>(3.12)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x172.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>And we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula467"><label>(3.13)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x173.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Substituting Equation (3.13) into Equation (3.11) we obtain Equation (3.9). Lemma 3.2 is proved. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x174.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Lemma 3.3. Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x175.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, one has <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x175.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x176.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x175.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x176.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x175.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x176.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x178.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x175.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x176.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x178.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x179.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is sufficiently large one has<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x175.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x176.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x178.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x179.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x180.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proof. Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x181.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, according to the definition of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x181.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x182.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x181.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x182.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x183.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, from Equation (3.6) and Equation (3.10), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula468"><label>(3.14)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x184.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x185.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x186.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x187.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula469"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x188.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>So we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula470"><label>(3.15)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x189.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Further more, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x190.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula471"><label>(3.16)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x191.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Setting <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x192.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x192.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x193.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then substituting <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x192.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x193.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x194.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> into Equation (3.15) and Equation (3.16), and from Equation (3.14) we can derive that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula472"><label>(3.17)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x195.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Lemma 3.3 is proved. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x196.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Lemma 3.4. Let</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula473"><label>(3.18)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x197.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>so for every<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x198.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, one has</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula474"><label>(3.19)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x199.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>here</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula475"><label>(3.20)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x200.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula476"><label>(3.21)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x201.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula477"><label>(3.22)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x202.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Proof. For any given<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x203.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x203.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x204.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are the solutions of the following initial value problem,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula478"><label>(3.23)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x205.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula479"><label>(3.24)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x206.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>here <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x207.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Suppose that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x207.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x208.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, so we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula480"><label>(3.25)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x209.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Multiplying the first equation in Equation (3.25) by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x210.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, using Equation (3.9) in Lemma 3.2, we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula481"><label>(3.26)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x211.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>So we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula482"><label>(3.27)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x212.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>For<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x213.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, from Equation (3.27) we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula483"><label>(3.28)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x214.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>By Lemma 2.3, to do the following estimate,using Equation (3.11) and Equation (3.28) we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula484"><label>(3.29)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x215.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>here<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x216.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. From Equation (3.15), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula485"><label>(3.30)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x217.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>here<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x218.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Hence,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula486"><label>(3.31)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x219.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then from Equation (3.15) we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula487"><label>(3.32)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x220.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Combining Equation (3.31) and Equation (3.32), we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula488"><label>(3.33)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x221.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Substituting Equation (3.33) into Equation (3.29), we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula489"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x222.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Lemma 3.4 is proved. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x223.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Lemma 3.5. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x224.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is defined as in Lemma 3.4, for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x224.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x225.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula490"><label>(3.34)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x226.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>here <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x227.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x227.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x228.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is defined by Equation (3.20), <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x227.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x228.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x229.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is defined by Equation (3.2).</p><p>Proof. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x230.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x230.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x231.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the solution of the initial value problem (3.25), then by the same way as in Lemma 3.2 we can prove that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula491"><label>(3.35)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x232.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From the first inequality of Equation (3.26) and the following estimate, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula492"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x233.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>then from the last inequality of Equation (3.35), we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula493"><label>(3.36)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x234.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From Equation (3.36), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula494"><label>(3.37)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x235.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Due to<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x236.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, integrating Equation (3.37) over<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x236.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x237.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula495"><label>(3.38)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x238.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From Equation (3.6), Equation (3.35) and Equation (3.38), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula496"><label>(3.39)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x239.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then using Equation (3.16), Equation (3.33) and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x240.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula497"><label>(3.40)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x241.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Lemma 3.5 is proved. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x242.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Lemma 3.6. Suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x243.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula498"><label>(3.41)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x244.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula499"><label>(3.42)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x245.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>we have <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x246.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x246.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x247.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x246.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x247.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x248.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is defined as in Lemma 3.5,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula500"><label>(3.43)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x249.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Proof. From <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x250.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is equivalent to</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula501"><label>(3.44)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x251.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x252.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x252.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x253.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are defined as in Lemma 3.4. To find a sufficient condition of Equation (3.44), suppose that Equation (3.44) hold, so we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula502"><label>(3.45)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x254.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>To make<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x255.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, if and only if it satisfies</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula503"><label>(3.46)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x256.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula504"><label>(3.47)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x257.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Equation (3.46) is equivalent to</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula505"><label>(3.48)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x258.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>If Equation (3.48) is satisfied, so Equation (3.47) is equivalent to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x259.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> or is equivalent to</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula506"><label>(3.49)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x260.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Suppose that Equation (3.41) is equivalent to</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula507"><label>(3.50)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x261.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Hence,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula508"><label>(3.51)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x262.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Hence,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula509"><label>(3.52)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x263.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Therefore Equation (3.49) follows from Equation (3.52). From Equation (3.41) we conclude that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x264.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, Equation (3.48) follows from Equation (3.41), Equation (3.46) follows from Equation (3.48), Equation (3.46) follows from Equation (3.49), and from Equation (3.46) and Equation (3.47) we have<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x264.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x265.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The last we need to prove is<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x264.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x265.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x266.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, from Lemma 3.5, we obtain</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula510"><label>(3.53)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x267.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>we notice that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x268.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Lemma 3.6 is proved.</p><p>From Lemma 3.1 to Lemma 3.6,we can obtain the following conclusions.</p><p>Theorem 3.1. Suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is Lipschitz mapping space. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x271.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x271.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x270.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>satisfy Equation (3.1) and Equation (3.2), <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x271.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x270.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x272.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x271.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x270.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x272.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x273.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the unique solution of Equation (3.3) and Equation (3.4) for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x271.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x270.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x272.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x273.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x274.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, respectively. Hence the transformation <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x271.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x270.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x272.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x273.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x274.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x275.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a contraction, and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x271.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x270.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x272.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x273.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x274.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x275.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x276.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> exists a unique fixed point<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x271.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x270.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x272.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x273.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x274.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x275.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x276.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x277.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x271.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x270.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x272.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x273.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x274.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x275.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x276.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x277.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x278.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is inertial manifolds of the problem (2.1).</p><p>Theorem 3.2. Suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x279.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the mapping of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x279.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x280.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for any<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x279.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x280.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x281.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, there exists <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x279.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x280.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x281.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x282.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x279.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x280.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x281.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x282.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x283.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula511"><label>(3.54)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x284.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x285.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x285.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x286.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is defined as in Lemma 2.3.</p><p>Proof. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x287.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with initial value<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x287.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x288.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, respectively, be two solutions of the problem (2.1). For any arbitrary <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x287.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x288.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x289.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x287.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x288.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x289.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x290.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and use the fact <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x287.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x288.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x289.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x290.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x291.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> there exists a constant</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x292.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>such that Equation (2.10) or Equation (2.11) is satisfied. From Equation (2.12), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula512"><label>(3.55)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x293.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Assume <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x294.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x294.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x295.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, therefore Equation (2.10) and Equation (2.11) can rewrite</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula513"><label>(3.56)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x296.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula514"><label>(3.57)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x297.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x298.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is absorbing set, the orbital solution <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x298.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x299.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> satisfies<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x298.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x299.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x300.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x298.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x299.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x300.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x301.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula515"><label>(3.58)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x302.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Substituting <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x303.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x303.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x304.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> into Equation (3.56) and Equation (3.57), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula516"><label>(3.59)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x305.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>If Equation (3.56) is satisfied, assume<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x306.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, so we have the cone property</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula517"><label>(3.60)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x307.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>In a word, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x308.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, whenever <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x308.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x309.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> By the properties of semigroups, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x308.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x309.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x310.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.58922-formula518"><label>(3.61)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x311.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Theorem 3.2 is proved. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-2340187x312.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>Supported</title><p>This work is supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of People’s Republic of China under Grant 11161057.</p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>Cite this paper</title><p>ZhaoqinYuan,LiangGuo,GuoguangLin, (2015) Inertial Manifolds for 2D Generalized MHD System. International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application,04,190-203. doi: 10.4236/ijmnta.2015.43014</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>NOTES</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.58922-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Yuan, Z.Q., Guo, L. and Lin, G.G. (2015) Global Attractors and Dimension Estimation of the 2D Generalized MHD System with Extra Force. Applied Mathematics, 6, 724-736. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2015.64068</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.58922-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lin</surname><given-names> G.G. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. 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