<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2152-7385</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/am.2015.68114</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">AM-57903</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  New Fourth and Fifth-Order Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>uhammad</surname><given-names>Saqib</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Muhammad</surname><given-names>Iqbal</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shahid</surname><given-names>Ali</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tariq</surname><given-names>Ismaeel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Pakistan</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>msaqib0321@hotmail.com(US)</email>;<email>iqbal66dn@yahoo.com(MI)</email>;<email>Shahidali.2029@gmail.com(SA)</email>;<email>tariqismaeel@gcu.edu.pk(TI)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>06</volume><issue>08</issue><fpage>1220</fpage><lpage>1227</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>3</day>	<month>June</month>	<year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>accepted</day>	<month>10</month>	<year>July</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day>	<month>July</month>	<year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  In this paper, we establish two new iterative methods of order four and five by using modified homotopy perturbation technique. We also present the convergence analysis of these iterative methods. To assess the validity and performance of these iterative methods, we have applied to solve some nonlinear problems.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Iterative Methods</kwd><kwd> Homotopy Perturbation Technique</kwd><kwd> Order of Convergence</kwd><kwd> Nonlinear Equations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Consider the single variable nonlinear equation</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1096"><label>(1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x5.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Finding the zeros (1) is an interesting and very ancient problem in numerical analysis. Newton and fixed point iterative methods are very old methods for solving nonlinear equations. Newton method is quadratically con- vergent where as fixed point method is linear convergent. Many modifications have been made in Newton’s method to get cubically convergent iterative methods. Many higher order iterative methods have been estab- lished to approximate the solution of (1) by using different techniques including Taylor’s series, quadrature rules, Adomain decomposition, homotopy perturbation, Gejji and Jafari decomposition, Noor decomposition, see the refrences [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref1">1</xref>] -[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref8">8</xref>] . Initialty, we do not put any restrictions on the original function f. In fixed point method, we rewrite <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> as <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1097"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x8.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1098"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x9.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We shall establish fourth and fifth order iterative methods using modified homotopy perturbation technique. The order of convergence of a sequence of approximation is defined as;</p><p>Definition 1 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref9">9</xref>] Let the sequence <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> converges to<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x11.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. If there is a positive integer p and real number C such that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1099"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x12.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then p is order of convergence.</p><p>Theorem 1 (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref6">6</xref>] ). Suppose that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x13.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x14.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x15.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x16.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then the sequence <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x17.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is of order m.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Development of New Methods</title><p>Consider the nonlinear equation</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1100"><label>(2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x18.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We can rewrite the above equation as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1101"><label>(3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x19.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a root of (2) and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is initial guess close to<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. We can rewrite (3) by using Taylor’s expansion as:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1102"><label>(4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x23.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1103"><label>(5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x24.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We can rewrite (4) as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1104"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x25.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>It can be written in the form</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1105"><label>(6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x26.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1106"><label>(7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x27.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1107"><label>(8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x28.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From (5), we see that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1108"><label>(9)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x29.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We shall decompose the nonlinear operator <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by using modified homotopy perturbation technique. For this, we construct a homotopy<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, that satisfies</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1109"><label>(10)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x32.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where p is embedding parameter and m is unknown real number. The embedding parameter p is monotonically increases from zero to unity as the trivial problem</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1110"><label>(11)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x33.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>is continuously deformed the original problem</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1111"><label>(12)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x34.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The basic assumption of modified HPM is that the solution x of (10) can be expressed as a power series in p in the following form</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1112"><label>(13)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x35.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The approximate solution of (2) can be obtained as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1113"><label>(14)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x36.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The convergence of the infinite series (13) has been proved by He [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref10">10</xref>] . For the application of modified HPM to (2), we can rewrite (10) by expanding <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> into Taylor’s expansion around<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1114"><label>(15)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x39.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>By substituting (13) in (15), we have</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>By equating the coefficients of like powers of p, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1115"><label>(16)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x41.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1116"><label>(17)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x42.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1117"><label>(18)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x43.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1118"><label>(19)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x44.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We find the value of unknown parameter m such that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1119"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x45.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From (17), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1120"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x46.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>By putting value of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in (18) yields</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1121"><label>(20)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x49.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Substitution of (20) in (17) yields</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1122"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x50.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From (19), we get</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1123"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x51.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From (16), we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1124"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x52.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>when</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1125"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x53.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>This formulation allows us to form the following iterative method.</p><p>Algorithm 2 For any initial value<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we compute the approximation solution<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, by the iterative method.</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1126"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x56.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>which is mainly due to Shin et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref9">9</xref>] and has quadratic convergence.</p><p>When</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1127"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x57.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From this formulation, we suggest the following iterative method.</p><p>Algorithm 3 For any initial value<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we compute the approximation solution<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, by the iterative method.</p><p>Predictor step:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1128"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x60.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Corrector step:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1129"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x61.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>When</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1130"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x62.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>From this formulation, we suggest the iteration scheme as follows.</p><p>Algorithm 4 For any initial value<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we compute the approximation solution<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, by the iterative method.</p><p>Predictor step:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1131"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x65.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Corrector step:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1132"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x66.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Convergence Analysis</title><p>In this section, we present the convergence analysis of algorithm 3 and algorithm 4 established in this paper.</p><p>Theorem 5 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for an open interval I and consider that the nonlinear equation <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (or<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>) has simple root<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be sufficiently smooth in the neighborhood of the root<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x73.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is sufficiently close to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x73.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x74.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then the two-step iterative method defined by algorithm 3 has fourth order convergence.</p><p>Proof. Let</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1133"><label>(21)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x75.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Since α is the root of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x76.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x76.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x77.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the functional equation of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x76.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x77.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, therefore<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x76.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x77.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x79.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. From (20), using Maple software, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1134"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x80.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1135"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x81.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1136"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x82.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1137"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x83.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1138"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x84.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Hence, by theorem 1, the algorithm 3 has fourth order convergence.</p><p>Theorem 6 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for an open interval I and consider that the nonlinear equation <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (or<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>) has simple root<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x88.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x88.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be sufficiently smooth in the neighborhood of the root<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x88.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x88.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x91.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is sufficiently close to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x88.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x91.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x92.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then the two-step iterative method defined by algorithm 4 has fifth order convergence.</p><p>Proof. Let</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1139"><label>(22)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x93.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Since α is the root of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x94.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x94.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x95.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the functional equation of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x94.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x95.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x96.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, therefore<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x94.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x95.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x96.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x97.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. From (20), using Maple software, we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1140"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x98.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1141"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x99.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1142"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x100.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1143"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x101.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1144"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x102.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> Numerical comparison</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >Examples</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >Functional eq.</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >IT</th><th align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x103.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></th><th align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x104.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x105.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x106.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >CM</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1.404491648315341226350868178</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x107.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >NR</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1.404491648315341226350868176</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x108.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1.404491648215341226035086891</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x109.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1.404491648215341242094290841</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x110.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1.404491648215341226035086818</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x111.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1.404491648215341226035086818</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x112.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x113.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x114.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >CM</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.257530285439860760455367304</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x115.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >NR</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.257530285439860760455367306</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x116.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.257530285439860760455367304</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x117.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.257530285439860760455367303</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x118.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.257530285439860760455367305</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x119.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.257530285439860760455367305</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x120.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x121.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x122.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >CM</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.739085133215160641655372087</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >NR</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.739085133215160641655372089</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x123.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.739085133215160641655312087</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x124.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.739085133215160641655312087</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x125.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.739085133215160641655312087</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x126.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.739085133215160641655312087</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x127.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x128.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x129.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >CM</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >NR</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.000000000000000000000000008</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x130.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.000000000000000000000000000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x131.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.000000000000000000000000000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x132.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.000000000000000000000000000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x133.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.000000000000000000000000000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x134.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x135.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x136.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >CM</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.154434690031883721759235667</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x137.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >NR</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.154434690031883721759235663</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x138.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.154434690031883721759293567</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x139.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.154434690031883721759293566</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x140.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.1544346900318837217592935665</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x141.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.1544346900318837217592935665</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x142.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x143.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x144.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >CM</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.0000000000000000000000000003</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x145.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >NR</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.0000000000000000000000000006</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x146.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.0000000000000000000000000000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x147.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >J<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.0000000000000000000000000377</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x148.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>1</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.0000000000000000000000000000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x149.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >S<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.0000000000000000000001629758</td><td align="center" valign="middle" ><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x150.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1145"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x151.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Hence, by theorem 1, the algorithm 4 has fifth order convergence.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. Numerical Tests</title><p>In this section, we shall solve some nonlinear equations to illustrate the efficiency of the newly developed fourth and fifth order iterative methods by using algorithm 3 (S<sub>1</sub>) and algorithm 4 (S<sub>2</sub>) in this paper. We shall make comparison with four and fifth order iterative methods established earlier such as the method of Chun (CM) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref3">3</xref>] , the method of Noor (NR) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref4">4</xref>] , the algorithm 2.1 (J<sub>1</sub>) and algorithm 2.2 (J<sub>2</sub>) of Javidi [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref8">8</xref>] . We use<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x152.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The following criterias are used for computer programs:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1146"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x153.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1147"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x154.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The examples are same as in Chun [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref3">3</xref>] and Noor [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref4">4</xref>] .</p><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1148"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x155.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1149"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x156.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1150"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x157.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1151"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x158.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1152"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x159.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.57903-formula1153"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/7-7402778x160.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s5"><title>5. Conclusion</title><p>In this paper, we have developed two new iterative methods of order four and five for the solution of nonlinear equations based on homotopy perturbation method. To derive these iteration schemes, we have used a very simple technique. Convergence analysis is also discussed. To check convergence, performance and validity, we have applied these iterative methods to solve some nonlinear equations. From <xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>, we see the validity and efficiency of these iterative methods as compared with other methods. Thus our newly established iterative methods are interesting and reliable alternative methods of existing methods in literature of order four and order five for solving nonlinear equations under consideration. Also our methods converge faster than existing methods of order four and five such as Noor [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref4">4</xref>] and Javidi [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.57903-ref8">8</xref>] .</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>Cite this paper</title><p>MuhammadSaqib,MuhammadIqbal,ShahidAli,TariqIsmaeel,11, (2015) New Fourth and Fifth-Order Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations. Applied Mathematics,06,1220-1227. doi: 10.4236/am.2015.68114</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.57903-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Abbasbandy, S. (2003) Improving Newton-Raphson Method for Nonlinear Equations by Modified Adomain Decomposition Method. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 145, 887-893.  
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