<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2152-7385</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/am.2015.66086</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">AM-56857</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Degree Splitting of Root Square Mean Graphs
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>.</surname><given-names>S. Sandhya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>S.</surname><given-names>Somasundaram</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>S.</surname><given-names>Anusa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, Sree Ayyappa College for Women, Chunkankadai, India</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, Arunachala College of Engineering for Women, Vellichanthai, India</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>anu12343s@gmail.com(SA)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>06</volume><issue>06</issue><fpage>940</fpage><lpage>952</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day>	<month>April</month>	<year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>accepted</day>	<month>30</month>	<year>May</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day>	<month>June</month>	<year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><html>
 <head></head>
 
  Let 
  <img src="Edit_90b585ff-094a-4dff-affd-a54154f0ca19.bmp" alt="" /> be an injective function. For a vertex labeling f, the induced edge labeling 
  <img src="Edit_e21483c4-ee0e-4587-a503-f1842d7f31c2.bmp" alt="" /> is defined by, 
  <img src="Edit_fabede10-b6bc-4680-8632-7a7df2f5c7db.bmp" alt="" /> or 
  <img src="Edit_68358ea6-5773-4adb-ace3-00ec61bd8368.bmp" alt="" />; then, the edge labels are distinct and are from 
  <img src="Edit_bfcfbed9-42e1-4ef7-9f85-f1b60e0bc7d6.bmp" alt="" />. Then f is called a root square mean labeling of G. In this paper, we prove root square mean labeling of some degree splitting graphs.
 
</html></p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Graph</kwd><kwd> Path</kwd><kwd> Cycle</kwd><kwd> Degree Splitting Graphs</kwd><kwd> Root Square Mean Graphs</kwd><kwd> Union of Graphs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>The graphs considered here are simple, finite and undirected. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> denote the vertex set and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x11.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> denote the edge set of G. For detailed survey of graph labeling we refer to Gallian [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56857-ref1">1</xref>] . For all other standard terminology and notations we follow Harary [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56857-ref2">2</xref>] . The concept of mean labeling on degree splitting graph was introduced in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56857-ref3">3</xref>] . Motivated by the authors we study the root square mean labeling on degree splitting graphs. Root square mean labeling was introduced in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56857-ref4">4</xref>] and the root square mean labeling of some standard graphs was proved in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56857-ref5">5</xref>] - [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56857-ref11">11</xref>] . The definitions and theorems are useful for our present study.</p><p>Definition 1.1: A graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x12.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with p vertices and q edge is called a root square mean graph if it is possible to label the vertices <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x13.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with distinct labels <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x14.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> from <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x15.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in such a way that when</p><p>each edge <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x16.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is labeled with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x17.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> or<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x18.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then the edge</p><p>labels are distinct and are from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x19.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. In this case f is called root square mean labeling of G.</p><p>Definition 1.2: A walk in which <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are distinct is called a path. A path on n vertices is denoted by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 1.3: A closed path is called a cycle. A cycle on n vertices is denoted by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 1.4: Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a graph with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where each <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a set of vertices having at least two vertices and having the same degree and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The degree splitting graph of G is denoted by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and is obtained from G by adding the vertices <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and joining <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> to each vertex of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> The graph G and its degree splitting graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are given in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>.</p><p>Definition 1.5: The union of two graphs <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with vertex set <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and the edge set<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Theorem 1.6: Any path is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Theorem 1.7: Any cycle is a root square mean graph.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Main Results</title><p>Theorem 2.1: <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Proof: The graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>.</p><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let the vertex set of G be <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Define a function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x42.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by</p><fig id="fig1"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref></label><caption><title> The graph G and its degree splitting graph<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x44.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x43.png"/></fig><fig id="fig2"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref></label><caption><title> The graph<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x45.png"/></fig><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula909"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x47.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula910"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x48.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula911"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x49.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula912"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x50.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edges are labeled as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula913"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x51.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula914"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x52.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula915"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x53.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula916"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x54.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edge labels are distinct and are from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Hence by definition 1.1, G is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Example 2.2: Root square mean labeling of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref>.</p><p>Theorem 2.3:<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Proof: The graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">Figure 4</xref>.</p><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let the vertex set of G be <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Define a function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by</p><fig id="fig3"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref></label><caption><title> Root square mean labeling of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x63.png"/></fig><fig id="fig4"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">Figure 4</xref></label><caption><title> The graph<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x65.png"/></fig><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula917"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x67.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula918"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x68.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula919"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x69.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula920"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x70.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula921"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x71.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula922"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x72.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edges are labeled as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula923"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x73.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula924"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x74.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula925"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x75.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula926"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x76.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula927"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x77.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula928"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x78.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula929"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x79.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edge labels are distinct and are from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Hence by definition 1.1, G is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Example 2.4: Root square mean labeling of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5">Figure 5</xref>.</p><p>Theorem 2.5: <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x82.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Proof: The graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig6">Figure 6</xref>.</p><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let the vertex set of G be <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Define a function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by</p><fig id="fig5"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5">Figure 5</xref></label><caption><title> Root square mean labeling of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x88.png"/></fig><fig id="fig6"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig6">Figure 6</xref></label><caption><title> The graph<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x91.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x90.png"/></fig><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula930"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x92.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula931"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x93.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula932"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x94.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula933"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x95.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula934"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x96.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula935"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x97.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edges are labeled as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula936"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x98.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula937"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x99.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula938"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x100.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula939"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x101.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula940"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x102.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula941"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x103.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula942"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x104.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edge labels are distinct and are from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x105.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Hence by definition 1.1, G is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Example 2.6: The labeling pattern of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x106.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7">Figure 7</xref>.</p><p>Theorem 2.7:<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x107.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Proof: The graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x108.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8">Figure 8</xref>.</p><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x109.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let the vertex set of G be <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x109.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x110.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x111.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Define a function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x111.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x112.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula943"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x113.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula944"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x114.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><fig id="fig7"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7">Figure 7</xref></label><caption><title> The labeling pattern of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x116.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x115.png"/></fig><fig id="fig8"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8">Figure 8</xref></label><caption><title> The graph<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x118.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x117.png"/></fig><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula945"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x119.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula946"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x120.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula947"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x121.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula948"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x122.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula949"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x123.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula950"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x124.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edges are labeled as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula951"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x125.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula952"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x126.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula953"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x127.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula954"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x128.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula955"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x129.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula956"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x130.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula957"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x131.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula958"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x132.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula959"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x133.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula960"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x134.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula961"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x135.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edge labels are distinct and are from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x136.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Hence by definition 1.1, G is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Example 2.8: The labeling pattern of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x137.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9">Figure 9</xref>.</p><p>Theorem 2.9: <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x138.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Proof: The graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x139.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>0.</p><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x140.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let the vertex set of G be <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x140.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x141.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x142.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Define a function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x143.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula962"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x144.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula963"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x145.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula964"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x146.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula965"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x147.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula966"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x148.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula967"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x149.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula968"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x150.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula969"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x151.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula970"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x152.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula971"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x153.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edges are labeled as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula972"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x154.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula973"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x155.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula974"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x156.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><fig id="fig9"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9">Figure 9</xref></label><caption><title> The labeling pattern of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x158.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x157.png"/></fig><fig id="fig10"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>0</label><caption><title> The graph<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x160.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x159.png"/></fig><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula975"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x161.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula976"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x162.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula977"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x163.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula978"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x164.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula979"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x165.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula980"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x166.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula981"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x167.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula982"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x168.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula983"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x169.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula984"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x170.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula985"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x171.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula986"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x172.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edge labels are distinct and are from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x173.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Hence by definition 1.1, G is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Example 2.10: The root square mean labeling of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x174.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>1.</p><p>Theorem 2.11:<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x175.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Proof: The graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x176.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>2.</p><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let its vertex set be <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x177.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x178.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x179.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Define a function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x180.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula987"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x181.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula988"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x182.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula989"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x183.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula990"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x184.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula991"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x185.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula992"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x186.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula993"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x187.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula994"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x188.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><fig id="fig11"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>1</label><caption><title> The root square mean labeling of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x190.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x189.png"/></fig><fig id="fig12"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>2</label><caption><title> The graph<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x192.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x191.png"/></fig><p>Then the edges are labeled as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula995"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x193.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula996"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x194.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula997"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x195.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula998"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x196.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula999"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x197.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1000"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x198.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1001"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x199.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1002"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x200.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edge labels are distinct and are from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x201.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Hence by definition 1.1, G is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Example 2.12: The labeling pattern of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x202.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>3.</p><p>Theorem 2.13: <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x203.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Proof: The graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x204.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>4.</p><fig id="fig13"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>3</label><caption><title> The labeling pattern of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x206.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x205.png"/></fig><fig id="fig14"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>4</label><caption><title> The graph<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x208.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x207.png"/></fig><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x209.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let its vertex set be <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x209.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x210.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x211.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Define a function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x212.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1003"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x213.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1004"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x214.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1005"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x215.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1006"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x216.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1007"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x217.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edges are labeled as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1008"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x218.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1009"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x219.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1010"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x220.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1011"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x221.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1012"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x222.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1013"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x223.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edge labels are distinct and are from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x224.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Hence by definition 1.1, G is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Example 2.14: The labeling pattern of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x225.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>5.</p><p>Theorem 2.15: <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x226.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a root square mean graph.</p><p>Proof: The graph <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x227.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>6.</p><p>Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x228.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let its vertex set be <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x228.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x229.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><fig id="fig15"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>5</label><caption><title> The labeling pattern of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x231.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x230.png"/></fig><fig id="fig16"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>6</label><caption><title> The graph<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x233.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x232.png"/></fig><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x234.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Define a function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x235.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1014"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x236.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1015"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x237.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1016"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x238.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1017"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x239.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1018"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x240.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1019"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x241.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1020"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x242.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edges are labeled as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1021"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x243.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1022"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x244.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1023"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x245.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1024"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x246.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1025"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x247.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1026"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x248.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1027"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x249.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1028"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x250.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.56857-formula1029"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x251.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Then the edge labels are distinct and are from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x252.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Hence by definition 1.1, G is a root square mean graph.</p><fig id="fig17"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>7</label><caption><title> The root square mean labeling of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x254.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x253.png"/></fig><p>Example 2.16: The root square mean labeling of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/5-7402719x255.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is given in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>7.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.56857-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Gallian, J.A. (2012) A Dynamic Survey of Graph Labeling. 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