The propagation of waves in thermoelastic materials has many applications in various fields of science and technology, namely, atomic physics, industrial engineering, thermal power plants, submarine structures, pressure vessel, aerospace, chemical pipe and metallurgy. Thermoelasticity theories, which admit a finite speed for thermal signals, have received a lot of attention for the past four decades. In contrast to the conventional coupled thermoelasticity theory based on a parabolic heat equation by Biot [1] , which predicts an infinite speed of the propagation of heat, these theories involve a hyperbolic heat equation and are referred to as generalized thermoelasticity theories.

The first generalization, for isotropic bodies, is due to Lord and Shulman [2] who obtain a wave-type heat equation by postulating a new law of heat conduction to replace the classical Fourier’s law. Othman [3] constructs the model of generalized thermoelasticity in an isotropic elastic medium under the dependence of the modulus of elasticity on the reference temperature with one relaxation time.

The second generalization is known as the theory of thermoelasticity with two relaxation times, or the theory of temperature-rate-dependent thermoelasticity, and is proposed by Green and Lindsay [4] . It is based on a form of the entropy inequality proposed by Green and Laws [5] . It does not violate the Fourier’s law of heat conduction when the body under consideration has a center of symmetry, and it is valid for both isotropic and anisotropic bodies. Othman [6] studied the relaxation effects on thermal shock problems in elastic half-space of generalized magneto-thermoelastic waves under three theories.

The theory of thermoelasticity without energy dissipation is another generalized theory and is formulated by Green and Naghdi [7] . It includes the “thermal-displacement gradient” among its independent constitutive variables, and differs from the previous theories in that it does not accommodate dissipation of thermal energy. Chandrasekharaiah [8] [9] and Tzou [10] [11] proposed dual-phase-lag thermoelasticity in 1998. A survey of five different thermoelastic models in which disturbances are transmitted in a wavelike manner is due to Hetnarski and Ignaczak [12] .

The problems for rotating media have also been investigated. Chand et al. [13] presented an investigation of the distribution of deformation, stresses, and the magnetic field in a uniformly rotating homogeneous isotropic, thermally, and electrically conducting elastic half space. Schoenberg and Censor [14] , Clarke and Burdness [15] , and Destrade [16] studied the effect of rotation on elastic waves. Roychoudhuri and Mukhopadhyay [17] studied the effect of rotation and relaxation times on plane waves in the generalized thermo-viscoelasticity. Ting [18] investigated the interfacial waves in a rotating anisotropic elastic half space. Othman and Song [19] presented the rotation effect in a magnetothermoelastic medium. Ailawalia and Narah [20] depicted the effects of rotation and gravity in the generalized thermoelastic medium. Othman et al. [21] discussed the effect of magnetic field and rotation on generalized thermo-microstretch elastic solid with mode-I crack under the Green-Naghdi theory.

Recently, Othman et al. [22] discussed the effect of magnetic field on a rotating thermoelastic medium with voids under thermal loading due to laser pulse with energy dissipation. Othman and Atwa [23] studied the effect of rotation on a fiber-reinforced thermoelastic under Green-Naghdi theory and the influence of gravity.

In the present work, we studied the effect of rotation on the general three-dimensional model of the equations of the generalized thermoelasticity for a homogeneous isotropic elastic half-space solid in the context of Green- Naghdi theory of type II without any body forces or heat sources. The effect of rotation on different characteristics is shown graphically for generalized thermoelasticity.

We consider a homogeneous thermoelastic half-space, rotating uniformly with an angular velocity, where is a unit vector representing the direction of the axis of rotation. All quantities considered are functions of the time variable and of the coordinates x, y and z. The displacement equation of motion in the rotating frame has two additional terms: centripetal acceleration, due to time varying motion only and where is the dynamic displacement vector, and.

The governing equations of the medium in the context of the generalized thermoelasticity of the Green-Naghdi theory of type IIin the absence of body forces and heat sources are:

Equation of motion:

Heat conduction equation:

Stress-displacement-temperature relation:

In the preceding equations, and are Lame’s constant, is the density, are the components of the stress tensor, is the time variable, is the absolute temperature, is a material constant given by where is the coefficient of linear thermal expansion, is thermal conductivity, is the specific heat at constant strain, is the temperature of the medium in its natural state, assumed to be such that.

We can rewrite the equation of motion as

and the conduction equation takes the form

and the stress-displacement-temperature relation as:

where

For convenience, we will transform the above equations in non-dimensional forms, so the following non-di- mensional variables are used:

where C_T represents the non-dimensional thermal wave speed and is the thermoelastic coupling parameter.

Equations (4)-(13) in the non-dimensional forms (after suppressing the primes) reduce to

where,.

From Equations (20)-(22) by addition, we get

where, ,.

We consider plane waves propagating in the plane such that at any instant all the particles in a line parallel to the y axis have equal displacements, i.e. all partial derivatives with respect to y vanish.

We may separate out the purely dilatation and purely rotational disturbances associated with the components, and w by introducing the two displacement potentials and, which are functions of, , and t, in the form, i.e.

and; is the dilatation,.

By using Equation (27) in Equations (16)-(19), we obtain

where, , ,.

The solution of the considered physical variables can be decomposed in terms of normal modes as in the following form

where, is the angular frequency and a, b are the wave numbers in the y and z-directions, respectively and and are the amplitudes of the field quantities.

Using Equation (32), then Equations (28)-(31) take the form

where, , , , ,

, , ,.

Eliminating and between Equations (33), (34) and (36) we get

In a similar manner, we can show that and satisfy the equations

where

,

,

.

Equation (37) can be factored as

where, are the roots of the characteristic equation of Equation (40).

The solution of Equation (40), which is bounded as, can be written as

similarly

where and.

from Equations (41), (42) and (27) then we obtain

from Equations (44) and (45) in (14) we get

from Equations (26), (32), (43) and (46), then we obtain

In order to complete the solution we have to know the parameters, so we will consider the following non- dimensional boundary conditions at the surface of half space:

a) The thermal boundary condition is

where denotes the normal components of the heat flux vector, is Biot’s number, and re- presents the intensity of the applied heat sources. In order to use the thermal boundary condition (48), we use the generalized Fourier’s law of heat conduction in the non-dimensional form, namely

From Equations (48), (49) and (29), we get

b) Mechanical boundary condition:

It is assumed that at, the body is at rest; then the following initial conditions hold:

Using the boundary conditions (50) and (51) in Equations (43)-(45) respectively, we get

Solving the system of Equations (52)-(54), we get the parameters.

where

In order to illustrate the theoretical results obtained in the preceding section, we now present some numerical results. In the calculation process, we take the case of copper material. Since is complex, we take , where is the imaginary number. The numerical constants of the problem were taken as:

, , , , , , , , ,.

Figures 1-4 represented 2D curves for the change of behavior of the values of the real part of the displacement component, stress, strain and the temperature T against horizontal distance x for and for a wide range of without rotation and with different values of rotation (,and). In these figures, the solid line, dashed line and dotted line corresponds for, and respectively, which is furthermore precisely explained in each figure in the legend.

Figure 1 displays the distribution of the values of the real part of the displacement component u versus the distance x. The displacement component always begins from zero for the three values of and satisfies

the boundary condition at. In the absence of rotation, it is clear that the displacement component decreases in the ranges and while it increases in the ranges and. In the presence of rotation, the displacement component increases in the ranges and for and in the ranges and for while it decreases in the ranges and for and respectively and finally all curves converge to zero for sufficiently large values of. It can be observed that the rotational effect decreases the displacement component in the range and then increases.

Figure 2 represents the variation of stress versus the distance x which indicates that all curves start from negative values. It is clear that for absence and presence of rotation all curves increase in the range approximately and then starts moving together for and finally converge to the origin. It can be seen that the rotational effect decreases the stress.

Figure 3 shows the variation of strain versus the distance. It starts from a negative value in the absence of rotation but it starts form positive values in the presence of rotation. In the absence of rotation, the strain increases in the ranges and while it decreases in the range. In the presence of rotation, the strain decreases in the ranges and for and respectively then increases after that. It is clearly observed that all curves move together in and converge to zero. It can be seen that the rotational effect decreases the strain e in the range and then increases.

Figure 4 explains the variation of the temperature T versus the distance x. It is clear that all curves begin from positive values. This figure shows that the temperature T decreases in the range and finally all curves converge to zero for sufficiently large values of x It can be observed that the rotational effect increases the temperature T in the range and then effect decreases.

Figures 5-8 are representing 3D surface for curves for distribution of the values of the real part of thedisplacement component, stress, strain and the temperature T for a wide range of and for a wide range of dimensionless time for.

Figures 9-12 are showing 3D surface for curves for distribution of all physical quantities for a wide range of and for a wide range of for and.

All these Figures 5-12 are in the presence of rotation and they are very important to study the relation between physical quantities and dimensionless time t and horizontal distance x and vertical distance y.

1) The values of the distributions of all physical quantities converge to zero with increasing distance x. Using these results; it is possible to investigate the disturbance caused by more general sources for practical applications.

2) It is clearly observed from Figures 1-4 that the rotation Ω plays a significant role in all physical quantities.

3) It is clear from Figures 5-8 that the changes in the values of the time cause significant changes on all the studied fields.

4) It is observed from Figures 9-12 that the changes in the values of the dimensions cause significant changes on all the studied fields.

5) The speed of wave propagation of the thermoelastic field variables is finite and coincides with the physical behavior of the elastic materials.