<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JWARP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Water Resource and Protection</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1945-3094</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/jwarp.2015.77044</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JWARP-56072</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Earth&amp;Environmental Sciences</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Forecasting Groundwater Level in an Arid Area According to Climatic Data
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>hurshidbek</surname><given-names>Makhmudov</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yasuhiro</surname><given-names>Mitani</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tetsuya</surname><given-names>Kusuda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>xurshid@doc.kyushu-u.ac.jp(HM)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>07</volume><issue>07</issue><fpage>553</fpage><lpage>560</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>9</day>	<month>March</month>	<year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>accepted</day>	<month>29</month>	<year>April</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day>	<month>May</month>	<year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  Development of a prediction method on groundwater level in a river basin depending on climatic data is the purpose of this study. The bases of the prediction method are water balance calculation, transient filtering an interpolation method on climatic data developed by the authors. Development of a method for predicting groundwater level depending on precipitation, abstraction and so on was carried out using the simulation model MIKE SHE. In order to demonstrate the results of this study, topographic maps and the geographic information system (GIS) were used. The calibrated predictive values of the groundwater level were compared with actual data measured in observation wells. As a result, the values of the root-mean-squared error in the calculated points are less than 0.66
  .
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Groundwater</kwd><kwd> Precipitation</kwd><kwd> Interpolation</kwd><kwd> Calibration</kwd><kwd> GIS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>As it is known, areas with an arid climate with groundwater runoff determine the main conditions of crop production [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref1">1</xref>] . In establishing mode of an irrigation plants, especially cotton, the state of groundwater determines the amount of water-supply via irrigation canals. Soil, affected by salt and in the presence of groundwater toxic salts can give condition of groundwater, which determines the main conditions of plant life, for example: a small distance from the ground surface leads to salinization and soil degradation, and causes a deep state of increased demand for irrigation water [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref2">2</xref>] . Prediction of ground water regime is a scientific challenge. The challenge is caused by the presence of a variety of factors that affect the groundwater regime; the most influential of them are precipitation and runoff [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref3">3</xref>] . At the same time, the groundwater regime has a significant impact to the area. In this regard, the object of research was established in the Chirchik river basin area in the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>). As a subject research, primarily influence of precipitation was determined in conjunction with other components of the water balance of a river basin in groundwater areas. The objectives of this paper are to predict the ground water regime in the region with less groundwater observation wells. Also the results of the prediction are applicable to protect soil from erosion and soil salinization.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Materials and Methods</title><p>The target area of research is the area of Chirchik river basin, where crop production is carried out exclusively by irrigation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref4">4</xref>] . Therefore, prediction of the state of groundwater enhances the effectiveness of water management in the production of crops and especially of cotton. Cotton for the mentioned region is the main plant and occupies more than 60% of the irrigated area of the Syrdarya river basin [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref4">4</xref>] . As the research methods defined the water-balance method of the river basin, the method of unspecified filtering and interpolation method of climatic factors, developed by the authors.</p><p>The water balance equation in the Chirchik river basin:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56072-formula198"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x5.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>W: water increment of groundwater;</p><p>Q<sub>Char+Ugam</sub>: water inflow to the Chirchik river basin from the Ugam river and the Charvak reservoir;</p><p>Q<sub>ohan</sub>: water inflow to the Chirchik river basin from the Akhangaran river;</p><p>P: precipitation;</p><p>Q<sub>chinaz</sub>: water abstraction in the Chinaz station;</p><p>Q<sub>use</sub>: water use in the Chirchik river basin;</p><p>ET: total amount of transpiration;</p><p>E: total amount of soil evaporation;</p><fig id="fig1"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref></label><caption><title> Topography of Chirchik river basin (1―Charvak reservoir; 2―Chirchik river; 3―Bozsuv channel; 4―Syr-Darya river)</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x6.png"/></fig><p>Q<sub>gw</sub>: ground water discharge and expenditure;</p><p>Q<sub>syr-darya</sub>: effluent of groundwater to Syr-Darya river;</p><p>Q<sub>return</sub>: return water from collectors.</p><p>The Richard’s equation of unsteady filtration of water:</p><disp-formula id="scirp.56072-formula199"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x7.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>―volumetric soil moisture; t―time (day); S(h)―the rate of extraction of water by plant roots (evapotranspiration), m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> day; h―pressure of soil moisture (cm of water); z―vertical coordinate pointing upwards; K―the coefficient of hydraulic conductivity (hydraulic conductivity), cm/day [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref5">5</xref>] .</p><p>Interpolation method of the climatic data is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>.</p><p>The values of the coordinates of hydro-meteorological stations are based on the relative origin to the Tashkent weather station in meters (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Results and Discussions</title><p>Using the parameters of the water balance Chirchik river basin, topographic maps using the program MIKESHE simulation model to get a map of seasonal changes in groundwater levels throughout the basin of Chirchik river (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5">Figure 5</xref>).</p><p>To establish reliability of the data on changes in groundwater levels were the measured values of the groundwater level according to data on observation wells in the basin with the results obtained by the simulation model (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref>). Calibration and comparison of the results obtained by natural observation and calculation method of feature points in the basin are shown in Figures 4-6.</p><p>In Figures 7-9 the dark lines show the land surface and the red and blue lines- groundwater levels, determined by different methods [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref7">7</xref>] . As the graphs show similar values to predicted (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref>) and actual (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table3">Table 3</xref>) values of groundwater level fluctuations within acceptable RMSE for W06 point is 0.580954, RMSE for W03 point is 0.65943 and RMSE for W09 point is 0.645235.</p><fig id="fig2"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref></label><caption><title> Thiessen polygon method in scheme of creating an interpolation method for establishing climatic factors of the Chirchik river basin [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref5">5</xref>] </title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x9.png"/></fig><fig id="fig3"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref></label><caption><title> Layout stations in the Chirchik river basin by using Thiessen polygon method in ArcGIS</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x10.png"/></fig><fig id="fig4"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">Figure 4</xref></label><caption><title> Location network of observation wells</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x11.png"/></fig><fig id="fig5"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5">Figure 5</xref></label><caption><title> Seasonal changes and distributions of rainfall in the Chirchik river basin in 2010</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x12.png"/></fig><fig id="fig6"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig6">Figure 6</xref></label><caption><title> Interpolated ground water level based on observed water levels</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x13.png"/></fig><fig id="fig7"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7">Figure 7</xref></label><caption><title> Calibration results of calculation methods with the results of measurements on the well 03</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x14.png"/></fig><fig id="fig8"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8">Figure 8</xref></label><caption><title> Calibration results of calculation methods with the results of measurements on the well 06</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x15.png"/></fig><fig id="fig9"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9">Figure 9</xref></label><caption><title> Calibration results of calculation methods with the results of measurements on the well 09</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/2-9402492x16.png"/></fig><table-wrap id="table1" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref></label><caption><title> Calculated data of the parameters of groundwater resources and reserves, Chirchik river basin [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref6">6</xref>] </title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >Deposit and its resources on the revaluation, m<sup>3</sup>/s</th><th align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >The calculation period</th><th align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >The arithmetic mean of the oscillation amplitude (m) by:</th><th align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >The coefficient of water loss breeds share of units</th><th align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >Deposit area, km<sup>2</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="3"  >Resources of deposits of groundwater (m<sup>3</sup>/s) for:</th><th align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >The value of the accumulation (+) consumption (−) of groundwater resources (3 = 31,546 &#215; 106 &#215; ΔQ); 106 m<sup>3</sup> per year</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Infiltration</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Expenditure</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Infiltration</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Expenditure</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Difference between infiltartion and expenditure</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >8</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >10</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >Ahangaran, 22.773</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Previous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.32</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−2.83</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >0.2</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >1023</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >21.53</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−8.35</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >3.18</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >100.3</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Reported</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.38</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−2.56</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >15.44</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−16.6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1.16</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−36.6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >Pskent, 2.0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Previous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.34</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1.29</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >0.075</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >688</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−2.11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.08</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.52</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Reported</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >1.28</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−1.34</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.09</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−2.19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−0.10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−3.15</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >Chirchik, 38.2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >Previous</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.23</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.48</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.25</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  rowspan="2"  >1949</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >33.44</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >38.3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−3.86</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >−121.77</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Reported</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.48</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >2.29</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >0.25</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >38.3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >35.37</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >+2.93</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >+92.43</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="table2" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref></label><caption><title> Simulated results of the level of groundwater by using MIKE SHE simulation model of river basin balance</title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >Wells</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >W03</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >W06</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >W09</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Coordinates</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >69.50517 41.36778</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >69.26844 41.30378</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >69.05472 41.05992</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Altitude</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >519</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >461</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >244</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="4"  >Simulated results</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >JAN</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >515.7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >451.3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >FEB</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >515.82</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >450.96</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.14</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >MARCH</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >515.82</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >450.93</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.28</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >APRIL</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >515.81</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >450.91</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.43</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >MAY</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >515.91</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >450.89</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.4</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >JUNE</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >450.96</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.36</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >JULY</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >451.03</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.31</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >AUG</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >451.08</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.26</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >SEPT</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >451.08</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.22</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >OCT</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.06</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >451.06</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.19</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >NOV</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.05</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >451.04</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.18</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >DEC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.03</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >451.02</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >321.17</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. Conclusion</title><p>As a result, the model developed made it possible to reliably estimate ground water level by using climatic data in the river basin. Taking into consideration that groundwater together with irrigation water is sources of water</p><table-wrap id="table3" ><label><xref ref-type="table" rid="table3">Table 3</xref></label><caption><title> Initial data for the assessment of groundwater monitoring wells in 2010 (m) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.56072-ref6">6</xref>] </title></caption><table><tbody><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" >Wells</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >W03</th><th align="center" valign="middle" >W06</th><th align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >W09</th></tr></thead><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Coordinates</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >69.50517 41.36778</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >69.26844 41.30378</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >69.05472 41.05992</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >Altitude</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >519</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >461</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >244</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="5"  >Observed data</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >JAN</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >515.7</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >451.3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >FEB</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >515.4</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >451</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >MARCH</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >451.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >APRIL</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.7</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >451.3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >MAY</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.8</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >451.6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.8</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >JUNE</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.9</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >451.7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.8</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >JULY</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >517.0</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >452.0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.8</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >AUG</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >517.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >452.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.7</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >SEPT</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >517.0</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >452.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.7</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >OCT</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.9</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >452.1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >NOV</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.8</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >452.0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" >DEC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >516.7</td><td align="center" valign="middle"  colspan="2"  >451.9</td><td align="center" valign="middle" >320.4</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td><td align="center" valign="middle" ></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>use plants, prediction method can effectively manage water resources for irrigation of crops, especially cotton. Forecast for the groundwater level contributes to the adoption of scientific and technical measures to protect the irrigated land from waterlogging and salinity.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.56072-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Makhmudov, Kh., Mitani, Y. and Kusuda, T. (2015) Interpolation of Climatic Parameters by Using Barycentric Coordinates. World Journal of Environmental Engineering, 3, 1-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.56072-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Petrov, V., Egamberdiev, H., Kholmatzhonov, B. and Alaudinov, T. (2006) Meteorology. NUU, Tashkent, 330.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.56072-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">DHI (2012) MIKESHE User Manual, Volume-2, and Reference Guide.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.56072-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Makhmudov, Kh. (2012) Integrated River Basin Management in Chirchik River Basin. Master’s Thesis, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.56072-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">DHI (2012) MIKESHE User Manual, Volume-1, and Reference Guide.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.56072-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">The Institute of Groundwater (2010) Report of the GP “Gidroingeo”. The Institute of Groundwater, Tashkent, 74-77.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.56072-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Phillips, N.A. (1957) A Coordinate System Having Some Special Advantages for Numerical Forecasting. Journal of Meteorology, 14, 184-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1957)014&lt;0184:ACSHSS&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>