JSSOpen Journal of Social Sciences2327-5952Scientific Research Publishing10.4236/jss.2015.33009JSS-54763ArticlesBusiness&Economics Social Sciences&Humanities Research on Operation Cost-Benefits of China High-Speed Railway QingYang1*School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China* E-mail:576210082@qq.com0603201503034247January 2015© Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

At Present, to satisfy the demand of passengers travelling convenience, China’s High Speed Railway has entered an unprecedented rapid development period. Under this background, research on operation cost-benefits of china high-speed railway is most important and meaningful. The article concludes the following three parts. The first part is to give the definition of research scope. The second part is to give analysis and evaluation on opening and operation cost-benefits. This part is to give a detailed evaluation indexes system and FAHP calculation model; furthermore, to give an example to illustrate the application of evaluation indexes system and FAHP calculation model. The final part is to give effective suggestions and measures to improve cost-benefits of CRH.

China High-Speed Railway Operation Cost-Benefits Evaluation Indexes FAHP Calculation Model Effective Measures1. Introduction

At Present, to satisfy the demand of passengers travelling convenience and saving time, Construction of High-Speed Railway to meet the market demand has become a new trend of railway development in China. According to the , by 2020, our country railway mileage will reach 12,000Km , electrification rate will reach 60%. In which, there will eventually form 30,000 high-speed passenger transportation network with newly built 16,000 Km four vertical and four horizontal passenger railway line and existing line renewal [1]. It can tell us a true fact: China’s High Speed Railway has entered an unprecedented rapid development period. Under this background, research on operation cost-benefits of china high-speed railway is most important and meaningful.

The article focuses on comprehensive benefits of high speed railway train with initial letter G, D and C or with speed more than 200 Km/h [2] (see Table 1-1). Comprehensive benefits include social benefits, economic

Research scope
Range of TrainsRange of Benefits
High speed railway train with initial letter G, D and C or with speed more than 200 Km/h.Social benefitsEconomic benefitsMarket benefits

benefits and market benefit.

2. Analysis and Evaluation on Operation Cost-Benefits2.1. Definition and Composition of Comprehensive Benefits2.1.1. Social Benefits

Social benefits are promoting effects to region economic and trade exchanges, tourism development, the personnel flow and material circulation brought by opening of high speed railway train in origin station, intermediate station and terminal station [3]. This index can be reflect and explained by the following three detailed indexes:

1) Number of Train N

The index is quantity of opening train to transport predict volume of passengers.

2) Number of Passengers Carried Qp

Ni Denotes the quantity of train of type i

Ai Denotes the train quota of train of type i l Denotes Train Average Attendance Rate

3) Train Average Transport Mileage l

denotes total mileage of train denotes total number of opening train

2.1.2. Economic Benefits

Economic benefits are earnings equaling to the transportation revenue minus the corresponding costs brought by opening of high speed railway train. It can be explained by the following indexes:

1) Total Transportation Revenue It

It is sum of all types of transportation revenue concluding ticket revenue, package revenue, mail revenue and other revenue. The indexes can be calculated by the following formula:

Pi Denotes fare rate of train

2) Total Transportation Costs Ct

It is sum of all types of transportation costs. The indexes can be calculated simply by the following formula:

(4)

c denotes unit costs of a person kilometer MI denotes average mileage M denotes total volume of passengers

3) Train Average Attendance Rate l

Denotes traffic density l Denotes length of interval station l Denotes average of lk

2.1.3. Market Benefits

Market benefits are effects on improvement of railway passenger traffic, increasing of railway competition capacity and strong attractive to potential passenger market [4]. It can be reflected and explained by two types of indexes as follows:

1) Service Quality Index It can be divided the following three types:

①Degree of Convenience Index It is gotten by the experts grading score.

②Degree of Comfort Index It is also gotten by the experts grading score.

③Departure Frequency Index It is the percentage of opening train numbers accounts for total train number.

2) Market Competition Index It can be divided the following three types:

①Available Type of Train Index It is total type available for passengers to choose.

②Average Service Frequency Index It is train number allowing to chosen by passengers.

③Train Average Speed It is average speed of opening train which can be gotten by statistics.

2.2. Establishment of Evaluation Indexes System

According to the definition and description above-mentioned, a detailed evaluation indexes system of high speed railway is as follows. See Table 2-1.

2.3. Selection of Calculation Model

The article takes Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Method (FAHP) to establish comprehensive calculation model to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of opening CRH. The comprehensive calculation model is as follows [5]. See Formula 2-6, 2-7.

In the comprehensive calculation model, W denotes weight vector; Wi denotes weight of No i evaluation index; R denotes total evaluation matrix of n evaluation indexes; B denotes comprehensive evaluation index matrix; bj denotes membership of level i.

3. Set an Example to Illustrate the Application of Evaluation Indexes and Calculation Model

According to the FAHP Method and Comprehensive Calculation Model, the detailed five evaluation steps applied in M train are as follows:

Detailed evaluation indexes system of high speed railway
ObjectiveDetailed ObjectiveTypes of total indexesDetailed indexes
Comprehensive benefitsSocial benefitsrailway traffic volume indexNumber of Train
Number of Passengers Carried
Train Average Transport Mileage
Economics benefitsEconomic benefits indexTotal transportation Revenue
Total Transportation Costs
Train Attendance Rate
Market benefitsService Quality IndexDegree of Convenience Index
Degree of Comfort Index
Departure Frequency Index
Market Competition IndexAvailable Type of Train Index
Average Service Frequency Index
Train Average Speed
3.1. Establish Hierarchical Structure Chart (See <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref>-1)Hierarchical structure chart3.2. Establish Fuzzy Complementary Matrix and Weight CalculationFuzzy Complementary Matrix to determine T and T<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>4</sub>
TT1T2T3T4W
T10.50.20.30.40.175
T20.80.50.60.60.3125
T30.70.40.50.60.275
T40.60.40.40.50.2375
FCM to determine T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>11</sub>-T<sub>13</sub>
T1T11T12T13W1
T110.50.30.60.321
T120.70.50.70.383
T130.40.30.50.296
FCM to determine T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>21</sub>-T<sub>23</sub>
T2T21T22T23W2
T210.50.70.50.358
T220.30.50.30.284
T230.50.70.50.358
FCM to determine T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>31</sub>-T<sub>33</sub>
T3T31T32T33W3
T310.5040.60.333
T320.60.50.70.371
T330.40.30.50.296
FCM to determine T<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>41</sub>-T<sub>43</sub>
T4T41T42T43W4
T410.50.30.40.296
T420.70.50.60.371
T430.60.40.50.333
3.3. Determining Membership of Evaluation Index and Judgment Matrix

R1 = R2 =

R3 = R4 =

3.4. Establish Comprehensive Evaluation Model3.5. Calculate Comprehensive Evaluation Value

According to the comprehensive evaluation value, the M train gets 7.102 score. It indicate that M train’s comprehensive benefit is more than middle-level.

4. Conclusion

In conclusion, China’s High Speed Railway has gradually become the main and important mode of transportation in railway enterprise. Under the background, the objects of opening and operation of high speed railway is pursuit of maximum comprehensive benefits, which including social benefits, economic benefits and market benefits. Based on the three parts benefits, the article establishes a comprehensive evaluation indexes system and to further set an example to verify it taking the FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process) Calculation Model, it proves that comprehensive evaluation indexes system is reliable and feasible and high speed railway train should pursue comprehensive benefits. For this purpose, some effective measures to improve comprehensive benefits of CRH should be taken. Optimizing the opening plan of CRH, Improving transportation revenues based on flexible pricing strategy, strengthen costs control, actively expanding the market and improving service quality, which are all effective measures [6].

Cite this paper

Qing Yang, (2015) Research on Operation Cost-Benefits of China High-Speed Railway. Open Journal of Social Sciences,03,42-47. doi: 10.4236/jss.2015.33009

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