<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJIS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Intelligence Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2163-0283</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/ijis.2015.51001</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">IJIS-52451</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Computer Science&amp;Communications</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  The Expected Value of a Fuzzy Number
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>ohamed</surname><given-names>Shenify</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fokrul</surname><given-names>Alom Mazarbhuiya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>College of Computer Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>mshenify@yahoo.com(OS)</email>;<email>fokrul_2005@yahoo.com(FAM)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>05</volume><issue>01</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>585</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day>	<month>October</month>	<year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>13</day>	<month>November</month>	<year>2014</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day>	<month>November</month>	<year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  Conjunction of two probability laws can give rise to a possibility law. Using two probability densities over two disjoint ranges, we can define the fuzzy mean of a fuzzy variable with the help of means two random variables in two disjoint spaces. 
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Probability Density Function</kwd><kwd> Probability Distribution</kwd><kwd> Fuzzy Measure</kwd><kwd> Fuzzy Expected Value</kwd><kwd> Fuzzy Mean</kwd><kwd> Fuzzy Membership Function</kwd><kwd> Dubois-Prade Reference Functions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Zadeh [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref1">1</xref>] introduced the concept of fuzziness into the realm of mathematics. Accordingly, various authors have studied the mathematics related to the fuzzy measure and the associated fuzzy expected value [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref2">2</xref>] -[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref7">7</xref>] studied the fuzzy expected value and its associated results by defining the fuzzy expected value in terms of fuzzy measure. In their definition they tried to find the fuzzy expected value of a possibility distribution. In [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref8">8</xref>] , authors developed a new method of analysis of possibilistic portfolio that associates a probabilistic portfolio. Similar works were done in associating possibility and probability [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref9">9</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref10">10</xref>] . In [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref11">11</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref12">12</xref>] , the author tries to establish a link between possibility law and probability law using a concept discussed in the paper called set superimposition [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref13">13</xref>] . In [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref14">14</xref>] , the author tries to establish a link between and randomness.</p><p>In this article, using the superimposition of sets, we have attempted to define the expected value of a fuzzy variable in term of expected values of two random variables in two disjoint spaces. It can be seen that the expected value of a fuzzy number is again a fuzzy set.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Definitions and Notations</title><p>Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a continuos random variable in the interval <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with probability density function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and probability distribution function<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula20"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x9.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Further, the expected value of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> would be</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula21"><label>(1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x11.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where the integral is absolutely convergent.</p><p>Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x12.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a set and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x13.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then we can define a fuzzy subset <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x14.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x15.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula22"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x16.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x17.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the fuzzy membership function of the fuzzy set <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x18.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for an ordinary set, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x19.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>or 1.</p><p>A fuzzy set <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is called normal if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for at least one<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x22.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>A <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-cut <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for a fuzzy set <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is an ordinary set of elements such that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, i.e.<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x25.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>The membership function of a fuzzy set is known as a possibility distribution [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref15">15</xref>] . We usually denote a fuzzy</p><p>number by a triad <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, is the left reference function and for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x29.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x32.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x34.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the right reference function. The left reference function is right conti-</p><p>nuous, monotone and non-decreasing, while the right reference function is left continuous, monotone and non- increasing. The above definition of a fuzzy number is known as an L-R fuzzy number.</p>Kandel’s Definition of a Fuzzy Measure<p>Kandel [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref5">5</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref16">16</xref>] has defined a fuzzy measure as follows: Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a Borel field (<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-algebra) of subset of the real line<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. A set function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> defined on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x36.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x39.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is called fuzzy measure if it has the following properties:</p><p>(1) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>(<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is the empty set);</p><p>(2)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x42.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>(3) If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x44.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x44.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x45.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>(4) If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a monotonic sequence, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Clearly,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Also, if<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is called a fuzzy measure space. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x52.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is the fuzzy measure of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x46.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x48.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x50.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x52.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is called a <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-measurable function, if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. In their notations, fuzzy expected value is defined as follows: Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><sub> </sub>be a <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>- measurable function such that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The fuzzy expected value (FEV) of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> over a set <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with respect to the measure <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is defined as<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x54.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x55.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x56.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x62.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x64.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Now <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a function of the threshold<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The calculation of FEV <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then consists of finding the intersection of the curves of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The intersection of the curves will be at a value <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> so that FEV <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x69.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x70.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x71.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> as in the diagram.</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula23"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x73.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Definition of an Expected Value of Fuzzy Number</title><p>Kandel’s definition of a fuzzy expected value is based on the definition of the fuzzy measure. However, the fuzzy measure being non-additive is not really a measure.</p><p>Baruah [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.52451-ref13">13</xref>] has shown that instead of expressing a fuzzy measure in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x74.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, if we express the possibility distribution first as a probability distribution function in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x74.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x75.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and then as a complementary probability distribution function in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x74.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x75.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x76.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, the mathematics can be seen to be governed by the product measure on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x74.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x75.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x76.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x77.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x74.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x75.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x76.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x77.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. As such, the question of non-additivity of the fuzzy measure does not come into picture.</p><p>We propose to define the fuzzy expected value or the possibilistic mean based on the idea that two probability measures can give rise to a possibility distribution. In other words, the concerned possibilistic measure need not be fuzzy at all.</p><p>Accordingly, we propose to define a possibilistic mean as follows: Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x79.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a fuzzy variable in the fuzzy</p><p>set<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. We divide <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> into two intervals <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x82.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x82.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x82.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x82.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x82.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a random variable on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x82.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then from (1), the mean of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x81.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x82.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x84.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x87.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x88.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> would be</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula24"><label>(2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x89.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the concerned probability density function defined on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x91.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let the mean of the random variable an <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x91.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x92.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><sub> </sub>be</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula25"><label>(3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x93.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x94.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the concerned probability density function defined on<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x94.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x95.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Thus, from (2) and (3), we get the possibilistic mean of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x96.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula26"><label>(4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x97.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x98.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Equation (4) is our required result that shows that poissibilistic mean of a fuzzy variable is again a fuzzy set.</p><p>To illustrate the result (4), we take<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x99.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, a triangular number such that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x99.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x100.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x99.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x100.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x101.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The probability distribution function is given by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula27"><label>(5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x102.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula28"><label>(6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x103.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>is the probability density function in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x104.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>The complementary probability distribution or the survival function is given by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula29"><label>(7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x105.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x106.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and the probability density function in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x106.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x107.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula30"><label>(8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x108.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Therefore, the expected value of a uniform random variable <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x109.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x109.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x110.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula31"><label>(9)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x111.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and similarly, the expected value of another uniform random variable <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x112.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x112.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x113.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula32"><label>(10)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x114.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Equations (9) and (10) together give the expected value of a triangular fuzzy variable in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x115.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.52451-formula33"><label>(11)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x116.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/1-1680141x117.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Equations (4) and (11) show that the expected value of a fuzzy number is again a fuzzy set.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. Conclusion</title><p>The very definition of a fuzzy expected value as given by Kandel is based on the understanding that the so called fuzzy measure is not really a measure in the strict sense. The possibility distribution function is viewed as two reference functions. Using left reference function as probability distribution function and right reference function as survival function, in this article we redefine the expected value of a fuzzy number which is again a fuzzy set.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.52451-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Zadeh, L.A. (1965) Fuzzy Sets as Basis of Theory of Possibility. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1, 3-28. 
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