A Weis-Fogh mechanism wave power generation system is designed, its physical model and mathematical model are discussed, and the component expressions of fluid dynamic expression are derived. Adopting numerical integral algorithm, the work done by fluid force acting on wing is calculated.
Wave Weis-Fogh Power Generation Mathematical Model1. Introduction
Saving energy and reducing contaminant emission are important researching projects for economics and human living environment. As we know, using wave energy to generate electricity can reduce oil and coal consumption, and decease dust and emissions of harmful substances emission. So it attracts scientists to carry out power generation of scientific research by using wave energy [1] . According to the statistics data, there is huge amount of wave energy stored in the ocean, which can be used to transfer to electricity energy [2] . There are many devices to absorb wave energy, such as floating rope round of absorbing wave energy device [3] , matrix of relative movement absorbing wave energy device [4] , buoy type absorption wave energy device [5] and floating type absorption wave energy device [6] , according to the fluctuation characteristics of waves. All of those devices didn’t use the theory of Weis-Fogh [7] . According to the fluid mechanics theory of Weis-Fogh mechanism [8] , Weis-Fogh mechanism is a simulation of the wasp flying V vibration device, which is different from conventional produce wing lift mechanism [9] . Rigid body test measures the lift coefficient as high as 7 - 8 when the wing opens [10] [11] . Thus, Weis-Fogh mechanism is possible to be used in the case of wave energy power generation. But it needs a lot of scientific research.
The paper will consider Weis-Fogh wave power generation device, calculating its fluid doing work acted on the wing.
2. The Working Principle of the Generation Set
Weis-Fogh wave power energy generation device makes of two parts mainly: one is Weis-Fogh absorbing wave energy mechanism; another is the power generation mechanism. As Figure 1 shows, Weis-Fogh absorbing wave energy mechanism is below water surface, others are power generation mechanism. Those two parts are connected with push-rods which make the power generation device and Weis-Fogh absorbing wave energy mechanism as an integral device. One endpoint of the push-rod is connected with wing AB, the other point is connected with power generation. In Figure 1, wave makes the wing AB moving up and down, and wing AB drives the push-rod moving up and down at same times. As this way, the power generation device transfers kinetic energy into electrical energy.
2.1. Weis-Fogh Wave Power Device
The wing AB’s movements of Weis-Fogh mechanism wave power device will be described as below paper. According to Figure 2, at the beginning, the wing attaches the low wall tightly. Acted by the wave force, the endpoint of wing B leaves the wall, the wing opens, around the A point rotation. Such movement is called as opening stage, see Figure 2(a). After the angle is opened to the, the point A leaved away from bottom wall, and all point of wing AB moves up in same speed until the point B meets the top wall. In this case, wing AB moves up without angle turning, see Figure 2(b). After point B attaches top wall, the wing makes close motion until the point A meets the top wall, such movements is called the closing stage, see Figure 2(c). As the same way, acted by wave force, the point A leaves the wall, the wing opens, around the B point rotation. Such movement is also called as opening stage. After the angle is opened to the, the point B leaved away from bottom wall, and all point of wing AB moves down in same speed until the point A meets the low wall. In this case, wing AB moves up without angle turning. After point A attaches low wall, the wing makes close motion until the point B meets the low wall, Such movements is also called the closing stage. In such way, the wing finishes one cycle movement.
Weis-Fogh wave power generation device
The movements of the Weis-Fogh wave power generation device.
2.2. Power Generation Device
The power generation device is shown as Figure 1, it connected with Weis-Fogh absorbing wave energy mechanism by push-rod, and transports wave energy into electrical energy. There are two push-rods by which can control the wing rotation angle.
2.3. Force Model
According to the Weis-Fogh wave energy device, the wing is acted by fluid force. During the opening stage, the endpoint of wing A doesn’t leave the wall, the fluid force acting on wing can be calculated by using the theory of Weis-Fogh mechanism. Between the opening stage and the closed stage, the fluid force acting on wing can be calculated by fluid-solid coupling method. At the opening stage and at the closing stage, the fluid is supposed as ideal.
2.4. The Equations of Motion of the Wing
During the opening stage, the low wall supports wing at point A, the push-rod thrusts wing, and fluid force acts on the wing. As the influence of above forces, the wing rotates around the endpoint of wing A, the motion equation is:
where is the moment of inertia, is the torque acted by fluid force on the wing, is the torque which the push-rod acts on the wing. Let opening angle is and the velocity is when.
Above equation is also used to the closing stage.
Between the opening stage and the closing stage, the wing just moves up and down, the corresponding equation of motion is:
Here is mass of wing, is the force of the fluid to the wing projected on the direction, is the push from push-rod. When, let equal to, velocity is.
This paper will consider the fluid power during opening stage and closing stage.
3. Fluid Power at Opening and Closing Stage
During this period, the wing’s thickness is considered very thin compared with its length. For using theory of Weis-Fogh mechanism, the wing can be supposed as a tablet. As Figure 3(a) shows, the fluid domain surrounded by boundary GEFA1BA2FG is mapped into up plane. The boundary point on physic plane mappings to the real axis point on mapping plane. Point mappings to point, point mappings to point, point mappings to point, point mappings to point, point mappings to point.
By conformal mapping of complex function theory, the physical to the mapping transformation formula for plane area is [7] :
where is the transform constant, function is expressed as:
where, , are constant and related to these expressions below:
(a) The coorespondings between physic plane and mapping plane; (b) Force direction.
Here is the length of wing, is grid spacing. The steps of calculation is: getting the constant firstly, then solve the constant, finally calculating the constant.
The complex potential is:
Here is rotating angular velocity, is the flow speed. According Bernoulli equation, we have:
Integral the pressure along the wing surface, we get the force acting on the wing:
where:
Here, , are frontal appeal, leading from the wing tips to the root, shown as Figure 3(b).
The force mapping on axis calls push.
where
The force mapping on axis calls lift
where
correspondingly, the moment is
where
Integration of the moment along the angle is the work of the wing
4. The Calculation of Fluid Power
According the above equations, the code is written to calculate the fluid power. Figure 4(a) shows that the components of force acting on wing varied with the angles when the grid spacing and the wing chord length ratio is 0.5. The curves’ widths vary large with the component of the subscript. When the dimensionless angle approaches to 0.5, and tend to infinity, and tend to 0, tend to constants.
When the grid spacing and the wing chord length ratio is 0.5, Figure 4(b) shows the component’s moment varied with the angles. The curves’ widths vary large with the component of the subscript. The horizontal axis is dimensionless angle. When the dimensionless angle approaches to 0.5, the moment tends to infinity, and the moment and tend to constants.
5. Conclusion
The fluid force acting on the wing is the most important for Weis-Fogh wave power generation device. It is
(a) Component varied with the angle; (b) The component moments varied with the angle.
always calculated before device designed. According to the Weis-Fogh mechanism theory and conformal transformation theory, the fluid dynamics model of double push-rod cascade wave power generation device is built, and at opening stage and close stage, the expression formula of work done by fluid force acting on wing is derived by using integral method. Such formula is dependent with coming velocity and wing turning velocity, and can be calculated and saved in the disk. It can increase the speed of calculating fluid force and work.
Acknowledgements
The paper is financially supported by China National Science & Technology Innovation Fund (No. 20141049705002).
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