<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">OJAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Open Journal of Animal Sciences</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2161-7597</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/ojas.2014.43018</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">OJAS-47320</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biomedical&amp;Life Sciences</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Two Gnaphosid Spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) New to Korean Spider Fauna
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>ue</surname><given-names>Yeon Lee</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Seung</surname><given-names>Tae Kim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Joon-Ho</surname><given-names>Lee</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jung</surname><given-names>Sun Yoo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jong</surname><given-names>Kook Jung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jae</surname><given-names>Won Lim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Invertebrates, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Animal Resources, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>stkim2000@hanmail.net(STK)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>03</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day>	<month>April</month>	<year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>2</day>	<month>June</month>	<year>2014</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day>	<month>June</month>	<year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
  &lt;i&gt;Drassyllus yaginumai&lt;/i&gt; Kamura, 1987 and &lt;i&gt;Zelotes tortuosus&lt;/i&gt; Kamura, 1987 belonging to Gnaphosidae were captured by pitfall trap in maize and soybean fields during the survey of arthropod fauna of agricultural ecosystem in Korea. Present work describes these 2 species with illustrations of taxonomic characters.
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>&lt;i&gt;Drassyllus yaginumai&lt;/i&gt;</kwd><kwd> &lt;i&gt;Zelotes tortuosus&lt;/i&gt;</kwd><kwd> Araneae</kwd><kwd> Gnaphosidae</kwd><kwd> Description</kwd><kwd> Korea</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Gnaphosid spider fauna of Korea comprises 48 species in 20 genera to date [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref1">1</xref>] . Drassyllus yaginumai Kamura, 1987 and Zelotes tortuosus Kamura, 1987 belonging to Gnaphosidae are known to be founded only in Japan. These species are medium-sized hunting spiders and captured by pitfall trap in maize and soybean fields during the intensive survey of arthropod fauna of agricultural ecosystem in Korea. Present work describes these 2 species with illustrations of taxonomic characters.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Material and Method</title><p>The external morphology of D. yaginumai and Z. tortuosus was examined and illustrated taxonomic characters using a stereoscopic dissecting microscope. Measurements were made with an ocular micrometer and are recorded in millimeters. Leg measurements are given as “leg number, total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus)”. Pedipalp measurements are listed as “total length (femur, patella, tibia, tarsus)”. The following abbreviations are used in the description: AME, anterior median eye; ALE, anterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye; PLE, posterior lateral eye; MEs, median eyes; Les, lateral eyes; AER, anterior eye row; PER, posterior eye row; MOQ, median ocular quadrangle. The specimens studied are lodged in the deposited in National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of the ministry of Environment, Korea.</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Taxonomic Account</title><p>Genus Drassyllus Chamberlin, 1922 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref2">2</xref>]</p><p>Carapace ovoid; truncated posteriorly, narrowed anteriorly; clypeus low. Both eye row procurved in front. Chelicerae with 4 - 5 promarginal teeth and 2 - 3 retromarginal teeth. Legs stout; tarsi IV with sparse scopula. Abdomen oval; anteriodorsallyscutum in male. Male palp with retrolateraltibialapophysis; terminal apophysis situated near middle. Female epigynum usually with median septum and distinct curved anterior margin.</p><p>Drassyllus yaginumai Kamura, 1987 (Korean name: Yaginumachammaegeomi)</p><p>Drassyllus yaginumai Kamura, (1987a) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref3">3</xref>] ; Kamura, 2009 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref4">4</xref>] .</p><p>Measurements. Female: Body length 6.52, Carapace length 2.80/width 2.12, Abdomen length 3.72/width 2.35, Cheicera length 0.75/width 0.34, Endite length 0.76/width 0.35, Labium length 0.59/width 0.48, Sternum length 1.63/width 1.30, Anterior eye row 0.60, Posterior eye row 0.72, Legs: I 7.97 (2.10, 1.28, 1.78, 1.56, 1.25), II 6.99 (1.80, 1.15, 1.52, 1.35, 1.17), III 6.09 (1.62, 0.90, 1.16, 1.47, 0.94), IV 8.06 (2.48, 1.18, 2.05, 2.35, 1.10), Pedipalp 2.87 (1.04, 0.40, 0.50, 0.93).</p><p>Description. Female: Caparace longer than wide, reddish brown, thoracic region slightly raised, cervical, radial and median groove dark reddish brown and distinct, fovea needle shaped (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>(A) and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>(B)). Eight eyes, AER and PER slightly recurved, AMEs black and round, ALEs white, PEs all white, PMEs semicircle in shape, MOQ slightly wider posteriorly (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>(C)). Chelicerae longer than wide, reddish brown, armed with 5 promarginal teeth and 3 retromarginal teeth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>(E)). Endites longer than wide, reddish brown with dark margin. Labium longer than wide, reddish brown with dark margin. Sternum reddish brown with dark mar- gin, shield shaped, slightly convex (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>(D)). Legs reddish brown, metatarsi and tarsi light reddish brown, leg formula 4-1-2-3. Pedipalps reddish brown. Abdomen longer than wide, ovoid with truncate anterior part, covered with dense black hairs, grayish brown without distinct pattern, 3 pairs of muscle impressions distinct, posterior part wrinkled, dense blackish brown bristles along the anterior margin (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>(A) and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>(B)). Spinnerets reddish brown, cylinder shaped. Female epigynum with median septum, copulatory duct and sper- mathecae visible, surrounded with pear shaped sclerotized rim (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>(F)). Male was described by Kamura (1987a) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref3">3</xref>] .</p><p>Specimen examined. 1 female, 11-VII-2012, Chilseong-myeon, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, ST Kim and SY Lee leg.</p><p>Ecological remarks. This species inhabits in the maize fields and is collected by pitfall trap.</p><p>Distribution. Korea (newly recorded), Japan.</p><p>Genus Zelotes Gistel, 1848 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref5">5</xref>]</p><p>Carapace oval covered with fine hairs; narrowed in front. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior row straight in front. Chelicerae with black hairs on prolateral side; promargin with 3 - 4 teeth and one row of bristles, retromargin with 1 - 4 denticles. Legs relatively long; tibiae and metatarsi III and IV usually with ventral spines; metatarsi with scopulae. Abdomen long oval; anteriodorsallyscutum in male. Male palp with retrolateraltibialapophysis; usually with terminal apophysis and median apophysis. Female epigynum usually with distinct groove-like anterior and lateral margins.</p><p>Zeltotes tortuosus Kamura, 1987b (Korean name: Geomeunyeomrageomi)</p><p>Zelotes davidi Yaginuma, 1986 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref6">6</xref>] , Zelotes tortuosus Kamura, 1987b [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref7">7</xref>] ; Kamura, 2009 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref4">4</xref>] .</p><p>Measurements. Male: Body length 4.92, Carapace length 2.34/width 1.77, Abdomen length 2.58/width 1.50, Cheicera length 0.65/width 0.30, Endite length 0.54/width 0.28, Labium length 0.30/width 0.30, Sternum length 1.42/width 1.00, Anterior eye row 0.28, Posterior eye row 0.34, Legs: I 6.29 (1.94, 1.02, 1.28, 1.15, 0.90), II 5.34 (1.50, 0.92, 1.07, 1.05,0.80), III 4.83 (1.28, 0.82, 0.78, 1.20, 0.75), IV 7.41 (2.10, 0.97, 1.35, 1.94, 1.05),</p><fig id="fig1"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref></label><caption><title> Drassyllus yaginumai Kamura, 1987 (A. Body, specimen, B. Body, C. Eye, D. Sternum, E. Chelicera, F. Female epigynum, ventral view)</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/4-1400203x6.png"/></fig><p>Pedipalp 2.44 (0.92, 0.30, 0.29, 0.93).</p><p>Description. Male: Caparace longer than wide, dark blackish brown, cervical groove indistinct, fovea indistinct needle shaped, radial groove visible faintly, thoracic region slightly convex (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>(A) and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>(B)).</p><p>Eight eyes, AER strongly recurved, PER almost straight, AMEs black, ALEs white, PMEs semicircle in shape, MOQ slightly wider posteriorly (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>(C)). Chelicerae longer than wide, dark blackish brown, armed with 3 promarginal teeth and 2 retromarginal teeth (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>(E)). Endites longer than wide, light blackish brown, yellowish white at anterior end. Labium equal in length and width, dark blackish brown. Sternum dark blackish brown, rounded shield shaped, dense black bristles along the margin, split pits scattered, slightly convex (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>(D)). Legs dark blackish brown, metatarsi and tarsi light yellowish brown, leg formula 4-1-2-3. Pedipalps dark blackish brown. Abdomen longer than wide, long oval with lusterousscutum at anterior part, dense black bristles along the anterior margin (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>(A) and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>(B)). Spinnerets dark blackish brown, cylinder shaped.</p><fig id="fig2"  position="float"><label><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref></label><caption><title> Zelotes tortuosus Kamura, 1987 (A. Body, specimen; B. Body; C. Eye; D. Sternum; E. Chelicera; F. Male palp, ventral view; G. Ditto, prolateral view)</title></caption><graphic mimetype="image"   position="float"  xlink:type="simple"  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/4-1400203x7.png"/></fig><p>Male palp with long and thick retrolateraltibial apophysis, digiti form (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>(G)), median apophysis angular hook shaped with sharp tip (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>(F)). Female was described by Kamura (1987b) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.47320-ref7">7</xref>] .</p><p>Specimen examined. 1 male, 13-IX-2012, Samgi-myeon, Gokseong-gun, Cheollanam-do, ST Kim and SY Lee leg.</p><p>Ecological remarks. This species inhabits in the soybean fields and is collected by pitfall trap.</p><p>Distribution. Korea (newly recorded), Japan.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>This research was supported by National Institute of Biological Resources (New and unrecorded species discovery project 2012) and National Institute of Environmental Research (Project # 20130619445) of the Ministry of Environment, Korea, and the Brain Korea 21 project from Seoul National University.</p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>NOTES</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.47320-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Namkung, J., Yoo, J.S., Lee, S.Y., Lee, J.H., Paek, W.K. and Kim, S.T. (2009) Bibliographic Check List of Korean Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) Ver. 2010. 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