The PERL device is simpler to use and less cumbersome than previous prototypes according to the Bare or worse, the Prioré² technique. The Rife-Bare prototypes, constructed around the year 2000 for the laboratories, comprised an adjustable function generator, a 27.12 MHz transmitter, an amplifier, a tuner for antenna with a balun and finally an antenna made up of a tube with confined plasma, [24] . The PERL device, marketed by Resonant Light Inc., incorporates the components of the Rife-Bare device: The basic case measures 45 × 33 × 13 cm. It includes the transmitter 27.125 MHz, the power amplifier and the tuner.

As Figure 5 shows, this case is surmounted by a lead glass tube, filled up with argon under low pressure, (0.026 atm). The emission power of this tube, when the plasma, (the ionized gas), is conductive, is 60 Watts.

The case is connected by a cable to a frequency generator which is programmable using a keyboard. This generator also contains a set of preprogrammed banks of frequencies corresponding to the treatment of specific pathologies, according to protocols worked out by Tunney, (2012), [36] . It produces waves which can be swept around an average. The waveforms of the waves are adjustable by the user. However, rectangular waveforms with 70/30 duty cycle are preferred, because they best support the emission of harmonics by the confined plasma, [27] .

Contraindications: As a basic effect of the exposure seems to be to reinforce the reactions of the immune system, the use is contraindicated for patients having received transplants or stem cells. For EMF questions, use of the device is not recommended for patients with defibrillator or pacemaker before 1992. It is it also, for safety reasons, not recommended for pregnant women and young children.

The first guiding principle: is described by plasma physics. Under the influence of a strong electric field, a partial ionization of the atoms of the inert noble gas confined in the tube produces a conducting medium called plasma. This is composed of positively charged particles (ions) and negative charges (electrons). As soon as an electron escapes from an atomic layer, this plasma will begin to oscillate, according to a collective movement where each plasma particle adopts a position such that the total force of electric interactions constantly remains null. This phenomenon involves EMF emissions whose sources are dipoles of ions with different charges.

Thus the guiding principle of the treatment with a Rife-Bare apparatus resides in a confined plasma emitting solitons originating from the ionic discharges. Mathematically, a soliton is the solution of a non-linear differential equation. It is also a discontinuity described by the thermodynamic topology which is based on the external differential forms.

According to hydrodynamic physics, a solitary wave which propagates by preserving its form and its speed, a soliton, can be described by the nonlinear differential equation of Korteweg de Vries, (1895). It is admitted this equation has solutions with solitons³ because the two opposing phenomena in its physical background, creation of collisions and dispersion, are compensated by producing a balanced state.

According to plasma physics, it is from the electric potential appearing between two close ions that non-linear effects of collision and dispersion are created and compensated. They give rise to solitons at the moment of the electrical disruption. The dispersion relation links the pulsation ω = 2πωF, and the wave vector k. The emissions depend on the electric field E, the magnetic field Band the disturbance of the ionic density. If ∆n is the minimal ionic density required to produce a soliton, if (∆n)_f is the necessary ionic density to produce the whole of N_S solitons, and if f is the frequency applied to the current J which circulates in plasma, there is the equality: (∆n)_f = ∆n.N_S ≈ η/f². As this density (∆n)_f is also related to the frequency F of plasma collective oscillation by: (∆n)_f ≈ κ.F², we have that the frequency F of the plasma oscillations is inversely proportional to the applied modulation frequency f, with: F = η/kf ≈ 2.35.10¹²/f, for a given type of tube. For this model, Dubost, [24] , predicted that: F = 11.7 GHz for f = 200 Hz, and that F = 240 MHz for f = 10 kHz.

The modulation frequency f defined in the function generator is thus transformed into an emission of frequency F solitons, characterized by a transverse electric field Es. Through induction measurement, Dubost indirectly measured Es at a distance of 0.4 m from the tube. He found a value of about 1.6.10¹⁰V/m at frequency F = 1 kHz and 1.4.10⁸ V/m at F = 10 kHz. In spite of its decline according to the cube of the distance, such an electric field remains important because it is sourced by a disruption between two ions. If the soliton has very little power because it is a point, its electric field can nevertheless cause a longitudinal resonance in the microtubules of tumoral cells exposed in vitro. Nevertheless it is not certain that this electric field Es is the main biologically active agent for exposures in vivo, with the PERL device. It appears to be the active agent with the device of Kirson, (2009), [38] . But the Kirson TT waves have an action principle which is different for a use which is similar, that of a complementary treatment of cancer by means of radiofrequencies.

According to the topological thermodynamic approach, the radiofrequency solitons propagated in space out of the tube are discontinuous signals. They can be named as Photons, because they are electromagnetic waves of frequency F meeting Maxwell’s wave equation. But they are also solitary topological defects propagating in the physical vacuum, therefore they are spinors, (complex direction fields,) which satisfy the null eikonal Equation (4), [39] .

These solitons are thus discontinuous radio frequencies signals which are more than merely waves. Such active agents differ from the visible or infra-red light which is emitted by the tube. Because that light is only a wave which is a solution of the wave equation, it is not a signal with curative capacity. According to Kiehn, (2013), [40] , the structuring of intermolecular space (which is the background of the extracellular aqueous medium) depends on the self-similarity density µ of the “defects” which are in this physical vacuum. This density µ may be gradually built up, because the energy field domain of the physical vacuum is complemented by the evolutionary kingdom of the coherent “defects” of its structure (See Figure 6).

The concept of topological coherence thus differs from the concept of coherent light, since it is referred to the existence of recognizable properties which are maintained through deformations, together with a long evolutionary lifespan associated with solitons. Thus in addition, this idea of topological coherence easily fits with the antigens presentation at the Immune System. Because, according to Pradeu’s theory, [6] , when Immune System recognizes these antigens as a continuous property, even through progressive deformations, it does not react.

A specific frequency: According to the description of Akhmediev, (2004), [41] , the stable structures in nonlinear non-equilibrium systems emit specific dissipative solitons. The solution of the equation which de-

scribes this emission results from a double equilibrium between, on the one hand non-linearity and dispersion, and on the other hand loss and gain of energy. By admitting that such structures could correspond to the microorganisms which are tolerated, or ignored, by the Immune System (because of a continuity in their antigen presentation), the theory of Akhmediev can explain why each type of living micro-organism in the organism has aspecific resonance frequency: depending on the actual bacterium structure, this frequency should be accorded to the frequency of the dissipative solit on emitted by a bacterium in an isolated state. This idea also leads to the question of the infrared photons which are emitted and absorbed by cells.

According to the optical approach of Popp, (2004), [42] , when a culture bath without the cells emits an intensity of infrared photons, the living cells placed out of this bath emit another intensity of infrared photons. But the whole of the cells replaced in their bath emits much less photon intensity than the sum of the two separate intensities. This tends to prove that cells absorb, (suck in), external photons.

Here Popp specified that a coherence of the external photons is necessary for their absorption. If the coherence length of the external domain is less than the cell’s size, sucking in could not play an active part in the cell biochemistry. It is thus necessary that the coherence length L of the domain be equal or superior o the cell’s size, so that energy sucked in could bring about a quantitative effect. This energy is thus used for excitation of the electrons and proton spins of the molecular matter, which modulates the activity of proteins, and hence the cell biochemistry and micro-organism itself.

To increase the coherence length L, photons, or photons-solitons, need to be actively stored in the domain, in agreement with the laws of quantum mechanics. This phenomenon is possible, at the time of phase transition from chaotic states towards coherent states, when the photons can be accumulated into a coherent state, but at lower energy levels than in the previous state, at lower harmonic frequencies.

A quantum approach of non-linear systems was developed by Mesquita, 2006, [43] , from the soliton theory of Davydov. According to this theory, the density of coherent solitons considered as photons results from a Bose-Einstein condensation. This condensation may last if it includes a Fröhlich effect. This effect resides in the appearance of lower harmonics, therefore of lower energy levels. Such a Fröhlich effect thus corresponds to the “active storage” effect described by Popp. Over a certain time, there is thus a possible accumulation in the aqueous bath of the cells and micro-organisms of the “coherent defects” which are solitons.

Storage in bath can occur only at lower harmonic frequencies than the initial frequencies of solitons propagated from the confined plasma, during a certain time. An increase of the self-similarity density µ may then occur, so that, in Popp language, the coherence length L of the external domain increases. When this length L exceeds the size of the micro-organism, the effect of coherent energy absorption, accorded to the law of Kirchoff⁵, can appear. A soliton frequency may then more easily become recognized, when it is tuned to the proper frequency of the micro-organism structure, i.e. with that of its dissipative soliton. This explains why accumulation of exposure to specific frequencies can lead the pathogenic germ to a seizure, right up to its destructive explosion. Although the lifespan of isolated solitons is extremely short and their energy strongly absorbed by aqueous mediums, a plasma tube emitting solitons with specific frequencies can thus constitute a physical source of nonthermal biological effects, able to act at some distance on germs and unicellular beings and not on multicellular beings’ cells.

An initial approach of Dubost, [24] , was that the solitons frequency F may structure the aqueous bath of the bacterium DNA. The resonance prediction was calculated according to the number of nucleotide pairs in DNA and this number is specific to each micro-organism. But such a calculation predicted theoretical frequencies whose values were up to 100% different from the measured effective lethal frequencies. Another explanation was thus necessary.

Dubost then observed that the basic lethal frequency F can be of the same order of magnitude as the magnetic nuclear resonance frequency ν of the proton. This frequency ν is given by the equation ν = 2B_0.µ/h, where B₀ is the ambient magnetic field induction, in Teslas, µ is the ion magnetic moment, and H Planck’s constant. For the H+ proton, the frequency is: ν = 4.25.10⁷. B₀, in Hertz, that is n = 2125 Hz for geomagnetic induction B₀ = 50 µT, (or 0.5 Gauss). This frequency value is indeed very close to the low frequency 2128 Hz, given by Crane to support the destruction of the viruses causing sarcomas. Nevertheless the idea that a direct physical action on the proton structures may cause an explosion of the viruses was proved unsatisfactory. But the physical action of the soliton frequencies on the spins of the mobile protons H₃O+ of the aqueous medium structure remains possible. This assumption was checked at the time of destruction of various bacteria, [22] -[24] .

The third explanatory approach of Dubost, (2013), [25] , concerned a possible mechanical resonance of the microtubules which are parts of the centrosome skeleton of the tumoral cell. In the case of pancreatic tumoral cells, it was calculated to predict a lethal frequency which closely corresponded to the in-vitro tested frequency. This frequency was also close to the frequencies of Kirson’s TT waves.

But subsequently, Dubost, (2014), [44] , discovered specific antitumor frequencies. They act by a mechanical disturbance resulting from a depolarization of the astral microtubules, at the time of mitotic spindle formation, for specific tumoral cells. These frequencies are included among the modulation frequencies that Pasche, (2013), [45] , indicated for the treatment of cancers. They are between 6.65 kHz for the cell Hep 3B, and 19.76 kHz for cell MCF7.

To be active these lethal frequencies require an electric field of about 10⁵ V/m. Yet at 0.4 m of the transmitting tube the electric field of each radiated soliton is locally 1.4.10⁸ V/m when their frequency is 10 kHz. The relationship between the two values is 63 dB, which is enough to compensate weakening at the time of in vivo exposures. But this biophysical microtubule resonance does not explain why tumor destruction requires two months of exposure of the full patient’s body to the PERL device emissions before appearing. An additional description to the microtubule resonance theory thus remains necessary.

Now, the microtubule resonance theory apparently offers a bridge to this psychical aspect of simple organisms which belongs to their living nature. For it all comes back to the psychophysical interaction model based on microtubules which was proposed by Penrose and Hameroff, (1995, 1998), [46] [47] . This model was partially readopted by Albrecht-Buehler, [48] , precisely for the straight astral microtubules which connect the cell centrosomes to membrane, with the statement that centrosomes should be the psychic center of cellular intelligence. That being said, Albrecht-Buehler observed two things: On the one hand microplasts which detached from the cells and which travel in the external medium also make choices. And on the other hand the aggregative phenomenon of unicellular beings depends on the dispersion of the infra-red light they are emitting in their external aqueous medium.

By admitting that the universal primary physical target of EMF low level signals should not be physically within the cell, because it is neither centrosome, nor microtubules, nor ADN, nor protonmolecules, it may be the spins of the protons which produce moving defects in the hydrogen bond network of the external aqueous medium structure, [49] . According to Karimov, 2000, [15] , biological systems are indeed aqueous and their biomolecules are hydrated. The state of hydration can depend on non-linear coherent structures which become significant in non-equilibrium systems. By its progressive action on the proton spins, the incidental signal of a soliton acts while being stored coherently in this aqueous target. This soliton which can become durable, [50] , is topologically a photon. This photon is defined as a singularity which is sensitive to the space polarization and chirality states with which it can have an interaction, [51] .

This concept can be related to the first of Rife’s discoveries about the effect of crossed beams of polarized light upon living micro-organism structures. While deflecting these beams chirally, these substances emitted visible light from their absorption of crossed polarized ultraviolet light. The point which brings about the involvement of living nature, is their ability to enter a seizure, or even self-destruct, with perception of resonant radiofrequency signals. This role of the living nature of a virus or a unicellular species is suggested by Albrecht-Buehler in terms of an intelligence, with some naive mechanical ontology. This idea poses problem. Conversely, the philosophy of Nature affirms that the biological reaction of any unicellular being is non-mechanical, [53] . This concept agrees with the theory of the living nature proposed by Jung.

According to Jung, [53] , the living body is an arrangement of matter adapted to make a living being possible. The living body is thus a bio-matter system which is ready for life and not a simple cluster of matter. But it cannot live without the intervention of living nature, because any inanimate body lacks something essential for life which is psychical substance, or psychical energetics. Here, Jung crossed the barrier between psychical and physical, stating that any immediate life operates in an image world, [54] . It follows that the living nature of any organism in a situation produces some “images” of adaptation and reaction,-in relation to a natural psychical conflict existing on the most intimate level. This conflict is due to a (dialectical) opposition between pure instinct and inherited mass of possibilities, [55] . The “image” translates the sense of that instinct which takes on the form of a situation, [56] . But the pure instinct of any living organism, simple or complex, is an impersonal biological phenomenon which is collective, [57] .

Cellular biology supposes that the constant remodeling ofsignalsomes⁶ and signaling networks is due to the variable conditions of the medium. But this remodeling could result as much from a perception according to instinctualsense order cascading the transduction of physicochemical messages according to causal order. The perception that a unicellular species can have does not form a representative image as it does with complex beings. What happens could be only an architectonic stress⁷ resulting from its extension in the external 4D topological structure, [58] . When this overall stress acts particularly in the structure subjacent to signaling networks, it can also act to modulate the mechanical structure of a germ and thus change its dissipative resonant frequency. Figure 7.

Because the oscillatory electric field is strongly absorbed by an aqueous medium, there can be some difference between in vitro and in vivo treatments by means of solitons. During in vitro exposure, polar or ionized biomolecules are agitated due to the electric field component, with a possible thermal effect. But in vivo, at a depth of 10 cm, their mechanical agitation by the electric field component of the signal can be negligible. What remains on the other hand is the magnetic field component of the signal. The action of this component on the mobile protons which constitute active defects of the water structure has been described, (Pang, 2006, [59] ; Binhi, 2007, [60] ). In this way, the structuring effect of propagating solitons can be accumulated in the energy structure of the 4D aqueous physical vacuum, with an increasing coherence level which is described by thermodynamic topology in term of self-similarity density µ.

The local bio-effect of a whole body exposure to radiofrequency solitons is thus primarily a qualitative bioeffect depending on the existence of a relational energetics specific to the living nature of viral or unicellular beings. Because its living nature is closely linked to its living body, the phenomenon of germ self-destruction by apoptosis, autophagy or explosion, should be that of a supra-mechanical resonance.

The germ’s relational energetics is observable empirically: According to Tunney, [60] , the virus “is able to change its frequency” either at once when too close a frequency fills up its external energy medium, or through memory because of a treatment with too regular a schedule: The effectiveness of the applied resonant signal is greater if it happens in the form of an “inevitable” event in the 4D non-being of the pathogenic germ. Effectiveness is reduced when a signal is expected. This reactivity of the micro-organism is related to a non-mechan-

ical resonance due to relational energetics⁸. According to the philosophy of nature, relational energetics is linked with the functional non-being of the living beings, [61] .

The idea of the functional non-being differs radically from the non-self concept in the classical theory of the Immune System, because it is what allows the evolutionary movement of all that is oneself. The description of movement by Galileo in terms of kinematics left aside the significant relations that living beings have with their inhabited medium extended as a non-being. But the living organism, unicellular or complex, adopts different states and behaviors, and even evolves epigenetically, according to this perceived sensitive medium which is whatever it itself is not.

In this connection, the logical paradox of Parmenides claimed that in a finished and full universe, being is, and non-being is not. This paradox was broken since physics showed that everywhere between atoms an intermolecular vacuum exists which is an active non-being (Its biophysical energy field for example comprises a hydrophobic force field and a Van der Waals force field). The intermolecular vacuum is thus a real non-being which could constitute that ecological environment which enables evolution.

The philosophical non-being: Yet Aristotle held that the movement which allows a living being to evolve, i.e. to progress from one state to the next, is determined only by its non-being. Now, Jung held that the organism’s psychic potential energy, which corresponds to the attitude it has that directs its psychic forces, is equal to the exact sum of its beingand non-being. In the same way, during the 20^th century, the philosophy of Nature according to Whitehead, (1920), [62] , followed by Merleau-Ponty, (1959), [63] , connected the concept of the evolution of process with that of non-being. Such non-being includes the 4D topological envelope, as well as the all of the being’s potentialities. Epistemologically this non-being can be reduced to the structure of the being’s 4D ecological environment, i.e. the structure of its extracellular aqueous physical vacuum. It endows the living body with a property of extension at the time of an event. This extension can to some extent be described mathematically, starting from the Grassmann exterior product ^, allowing any dx to be extended as: dx^dy^dz^dt, [64] .

The native emptiness which makes all natural living beings intimately feel incomplete would be what makes sensitive to and extensible in the structure of their 4D environment, at the time of events. Such a lack at the origin also pushes the being to seek a complementary self-similarity. This lack could be the basis of the relational energetics which applies to viruses just as they do to multicellular beings. Thus, certain signals present in the physical non-being can cause a supra-mechanical bio-resonance in simple beings. On this way, even if a virus is implanted in a mutated cell, there is always a native emptiness which will make this pathogen very sensitive to certain structural resonance frequencies.

According to McInturff, 2007, [65] , the “audio” range of frequencies to be applied in a Rife-Bare device to treat a “Cancer-adenocarcinoma”, in addition to the sets of base frequencies for cancers in general, arranged by Tunney, [36] , are the frequencies:

47, 2182, 2219, 832, 2084, 2127, 2160, 2452, 2876.

During the case study, Tunney’s sets of base frequencies were initially applied. The protocols brought into play a sweeping around the base frequencies. This sweeping of a few Hertz is generally organized like the striking of fly swatter, on the basis of a maximum frequency difference of innocent appearance, to finish head on, in order to alert the live target as late as possible, thus preventing it from escaping danger by changing its structure a little.

The base center frequencies used were: 10000, 11780, 21275, 17034, 11430, 10025, 6766, 6064, 5000, 3713, 3176, 3040, 2950, 2876, 2790, 2720, 2452, 2189, 2182, 2128, 2127, 2084, 2048, 2008, 1604, 1552, 1489, 880, 854, 800, 784, 776, 766, 728, 690, 683, 676, 666, 524, 464, 333, 120, 20. It can be seen that the 2128 Hz frequency suggested by Crane is in the list, but it is drowned in a mass and if it were alone could hardly act. A mechanical description of a single resonance in a reacting unicellular species would thus be of no use. A bio-resonance involving relational energetics could therefore be suitable for the living nature of the micro-organism, first occurring as a seizure, and able to proceed further until self-destruction.

The total negative form of a being’s potentialities appears to be in the functional non-being. But it appears to be linked with the “useless” genome sequences, i.e. with the genetic mass inherited during evolution and which makes possible a regression toward previous forms. However, the cell’s attitude which makes it organize its biological energies toward a aim depends on this form of a reality in negative, since it is determined by the sum {being + non-being}. The aim, or the finality, which forms the sense of the cell’s action, would thus depend on environmental conditions associated with the functional non-being.

Non-mechanical resonance would thus cause a state of seizure in a pathogenic germ which may become lethal in the event of exact resonance, because it reverses the germ’s finality. It causes a loss of sense which sends it backward in evolution. In the same way, a repeated negative event such as tar, asbestos fiber, repeated somatization of a negative emotion, i.e. accumulation of a negative self-similarity density in the 4D external medium, may lead a healthy cell to mutate, i.e. to become a unicellular species again, which, according to the theory of Davies, (2013), [66] , is a backward step in the evolution.

Moreover, if the theory of Rife is accepted for convenience, a cell will have mutated because of a density disturbance in its functional non-being, and because of the presence of an oncogene virus in it. This virus has a resonance frequency which is related to its structured living matter and which may cause a destructive loss of sense: sent backward itself in its evolution, the germ undergoes a crisis of sense leading it to destruction. Once the virus, (i.e. the active structure within the tumoral cell), is destroyed, there is a discontinuity in the cellular antigens presentation. According to the theory of Pradeu, [6] , this strongly supports the stimulation of the immune system so that the mutated cell is either repaired, or is destroyed. And when the self-similarity density of the applied signal becomes sufficient in the external medium, the signal may act, the tumor may duly disappear, and the endothelial cells of its blood network also disappear. This is also explained by the probable relation between the conservative forces of evolution in the autonomous nervous system and immune system, since both use the same molecules for information transfer and for control, as Smythies, (2011), [67] , indicated it.