<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2152-7385</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/am.2014.57099</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">AM-44806</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  A New Look for Starlike Logharmonic Mappings
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>ayid</surname><given-names>Abdulhadi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sub>1</sub></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>zahadi@aus.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>05</volume><issue>07</issue><fpage>1053</fpage><lpage>1060</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day>	<month>November</month>	<year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>25</day>	<month>December</month>	<year>2013</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day>	<month>January</month>	<year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><html>
 <head></head>
 
   A function f(z) defined on the unit disc U is said to be logharmonic if it is the solution of the nonlinear elliptic partial differential equation <img src="Edit_cb51fd5c-153b-42ed-992c-df52d8e29f7e.jpg" alt="" height="33" width="52" /> where <img src="Edit_a50628a1-c09e-40a9-a8ef-44faf3c0033e.jpg" alt="" height="15" width="63" /> such that <img src="Edit_dbbb4921-a9a1-422f-a39c-de2d8c15ec67.jpg" alt="" height="12" width="50" />. These mappings admit a global representation of the form<img src="Edit_760029e0-7137-402c-b726-6c97e7984401.jpg" alt="" height="20" width="141" /> where <img src="Edit_7720f461-9cad-4957-af27-5cde31d76d46.jpg" alt="" height="14" width="70" /> In this paper,we shall consider the logharmonic mappings <img src="Edit_05d2f812-7c57-41d4-ac15-b6608c496763.jpg" alt="" height="19" width="100" />, where <img src="Edit_5b3cc9f3-d1f7-4325-9af5-21d51f445a1f.jpg" alt="" height="15" width="50" /> is starlike. Distortion theorem and radius of starlikess are obtained. Moreover, we use star functions to determine the integral means for these mappings. An upper bound for the arclength is included. 
 
</html></p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>A New Look for Starlike Logharmonic Mappings</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Let B denote the set of all analytic functions <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\877e11a2-28b5-4f4b-9ea7-f76f5da9fd01.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> defined on the unit disk <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\9cf98646-fb53-4129-8813-e8e7d28d06f6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> having the property that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\2feb4f49-0b4d-488b-aae6-0af725901fd2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\0dff71f7-957c-41df-8a8c-9902e09b3761.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> A logharmonic mapping defined on the unit disk <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\be44b645-975a-489f-a7fc-4f198213087d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a solution of the nonlinear elliptic partial differential equation</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62606"><label>(1.1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\49ba9ded-61b7-4a76-b475-1b2540550d36.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where the second dilatation function<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\97e90d71-a969-458e-a9a6-de594754d85d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Because <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\c3befd31-da09-4ec2-b6cf-c1935c6e68a5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the Jacobian</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\4bad1585-55f1-4be4-8876-f0ee5ca2ae1f.png" /></p><p>is positive and hence, non-constant logharmonic mappings are sense-preserving and open on U. If f is a nonconstant logharmonic mapping of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\9b181d82-be46-415f-917f-728f61a80438.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and vanishes at <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\91d97e31-4f01-4e2b-aa3a-d686217c6f92.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> but has no other zeros in U, then f admits the following representation</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62607"><label>(1.2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\1665a8c5-f34a-4a49-a3ce-8d9246b9271a.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where m is a nonnegative integer, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\8c99af8c-e342-4655-b1b9-ba39672c92e1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\4d92b11c-993d-458b-8192-3a26c16e6541.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\fe2be956-764e-4667-8e08-4bb17a926fc7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are analytic functions in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\5c0ac075-7190-491d-b40f-978b7b1e1c2e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\64fdfcfa-690c-4fb8-8787-14fb8cb3186a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\84405e48-3e35-4617-9c5a-349dea7fb57b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> ([<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref1">1</xref>] ). The exponent <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\f79dc2b2-b8d0-4205-be39-84dc36595215.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in (1.2) depends only on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\ded67c4f-bcf4-44a6-bda5-3118c2fa3dae.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and can be expressed by</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\9bf7ab87-b490-405c-947f-3968c7d1381f.png" /></p><p>Note that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\1be798a8-97f2-4e1c-9d28-82c76891b3bf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> if and only if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\f5b41ca7-2ba6-48c8-812f-43e55192e44a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and that a univalent logharmonic mapping on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\39a0e413-d2b0-44b0-a9f9-620ab3ca678e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> vanish at the origin if and only if<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\e7a2ae76-5267-4455-aedf-01e549600871.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Thus, a univalent logharmonic mappings on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\cd19aee6-b5ea-4c65-9c55-dcbae10f80c5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> which vanishes at the origin will be of the form</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\2e96e7ef-63ed-479a-9092-5589f7e91dd1.png" /></p><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\3578bc97-f4d9-498c-ac0a-f5dbdb305e66.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\71a33e16-673a-4986-a036-341eb832b57c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and have been studied extensively in the recent years, see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref1">1</xref>] -[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref7">7</xref>] . In this case, it follows that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\e208dfba-71a8-44ad-bf08-0a0537ac9705.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are univalent harmonic mappings of the half-plane</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\5c00d68e-46db-47bb-b0d0-273105573576.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>a detail study of univalent harmonic mappings to be found in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref8">8</xref>] -[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref14">14</xref>] . Such mappings are closely related to the theory of minimal surfaces, see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref15">15</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref16">16</xref>] .</p><p>Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\c365146e-f2ff-4357-bc13-ccc564c147cb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a univalent logharmonic mapping. We say that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\137ec9aa-5cff-4a31-a6ee-984621852cf5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is starlike logharmonic mapping if</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\841d47b0-645b-4b9d-a67b-d7e2f2fe596b.png" /></p><p>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\77a389a8-c6fd-4572-9150-b69ba49191fe.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Denote by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\76ec9e6f-d29b-44b3-af66-fcf5fe4a2dc3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the set of all starlike logharmonic mappings, and by <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\083ab412-594d-4c74-8d80-a4c2dea67115.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the set of all starlike analytic mappings. It was shown in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref4">4</xref>] that</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\68429fb3-08cd-48d8-b021-65513b18cb3a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>if and only if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\6feb0dcf-e1bd-4454-97fa-00bc533885c8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>It is rather a natural question to ask whether there exists a linkage between the starlikeness of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\a9ff0a75-abd4-4cc0-ae0e-94273347605f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\2135eeae-00a9-4fca-be9b-9eae66251c80.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>In Section 2, we determine the radius of starlikeness for the logharmonic mapping <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\ef13343c-e192-4b14-8a97-b33575f64441.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\14803006-ba01-4897-87b1-1500c021c8e4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> A distortion theorem and an upper bound for the arclength of these mappings will be included.</p><p>In Section 3, we discuss the integral means for logharmonic mappings associated to starlike analytic mappings.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Basic Properties of Mappings from <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\1cbc65cf-8c4e-415f-b95e-ad5e93b616fd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></title><p>We start this section by establishing a linkage between the starlikeness of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\98ca7413-0302-45e8-ac39-3cdaadfcd9eb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\18f627a9-6b0b-4889-ab42-46724ab045ff.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Theorem 1 a) Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\75236217-2912-454f-9257-00f3c20120fe.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a logharmonic mapping where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\40b9a39f-f886-448a-9aa4-0596f5b3bb72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Then f maps the disk<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\b477fe94-a5f3-4d61-bcba-37bdc6d4c3f0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\1a0571b4-4eda-4ca3-9fc6-be8def5c8449.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> onto a starlike domain.</p><p>b) If<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\9831e262-d7e9-47db-876a-be478ec712b4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\6df8cd3d-ec07-492d-a518-2d9d0f95cf61.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> maps the disk<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\236569b7-406f-44d4-9709-a223d72def26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\3d7f904a-4a08-4ced-a957-b94aa5c82bb8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> onto a starlike domain.</p><p>Proof. a) Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\68af7900-924d-4ebd-af19-17963e8740a7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a logharmonic mapping with respect to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\967a94e8-4561-461e-87ad-f651d979138d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\19668cc0-aa29-4085-af46-e9dd9ad7f62a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\0b980db6-a39e-47f4-93d7-7b69f4883370.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\87fec0c7-1d76-4ac1-9aa4-1b36d41c7433.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> can be written in the form</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62608"><label>(2.1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\3350db34-c423-4ee7-86d3-c83f6d04be40.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>A simple calculations leads to</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\59e08ebc-637d-410c-a9d8-7230a5e3c5b8.png" /></p><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\7fc0c46b-ac2e-4796-9a5f-ce757db8377e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Since <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\5b6d3e98-b239-4566-9906-8125934ecdb7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\a3a6e8c6-50d9-487c-95bd-b1ef092ede7c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>we obtain</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\7728a9d1-2c1c-4d03-8d13-1134d444f805.png" /></p><p>This gives</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\9bf21876-bb49-4b0e-ae05-8256a87fd9b5.png" /></p><p>Thus <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\96a14009-73cd-44f9-81fb-ba192fb7aedc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\b29923b2-3e9f-4eb3-82fd-05d6105b6853.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Therefore, the radius of starlikeness <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\1799c13d-90c4-46d9-86d9-e9d6ab4dbd7c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the smallest positive root (less than 1) of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\dcfed08f-a83c-4f42-bc68-304c50ed3a33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> which is <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\1bba7906-f214-4117-a985-dfa24c308ada.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> We conclude that f is univalent in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\2ce0b57e-bc9c-40ca-9f52-2449516c2f16.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and maps the disk <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\18d529ce-7126-4caa-84a7-47ed656e079e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> onto a starlike domain.</p><p>b) Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\7388d219-91d0-46f9-aff7-3741b84ccdec.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a starlike logharmonic mapping defined on the unit disk <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\63d90318-70ff-4178-bc71-b1eb7a6a80ef.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with respect to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\4529f3d3-a7ac-4766-a5b5-c6eb20d7e43b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\0cd29c65-4eda-4eaf-b79f-abcd510ee3ec.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Then by [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref4">4</xref>] <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\ca5c6471-26ed-4648-a05e-7de20771170a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>and also,</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\3f67b476-f9dc-459f-849a-d87269eeec1d.png" /></p><p>Hence,</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\737a8fa4-42ff-47d7-ba80-d05b5f0da614.png" /></p><p>and then simple calculations give that</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\4a6d053a-a436-46bd-aa3e-a98a3a0eb253.png" /></p><p>Thus <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\98133df9-8e25-41be-a684-0310ba3ea8c1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\2c56b97c-b751-490d-b4ab-78ed37a2e3f0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Therefore, the radius of starlikeness <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\909ec3ba-90e9-4e13-8d97-b450d474d835.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the smallest positive root (less than 1) of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\f87a1ab8-c445-4a8a-ab0e-beaeb8271628.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> which is <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\a85c0d70-c995-47eb-8b3a-3108d298ed2a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> We conclude that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\01c48de4-7a43-4772-adc2-6d07bb12d9a4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is univalent in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\b477910b-9b70-46f8-bbbb-b1b8c2a635a0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and maps the disk <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\47371dfb-7374-4aeb-aa66-a97e4c5e768a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> onto a starlike domain.</p><p>Our next result is a distortion theorem for the set of all logharmonic mappings <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\c2ee052e-d338-4d79-a9bb-288abd103f8e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\8f1fc094-8d99-4aef-ac09-179cc5f0a237.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Theorem 2 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\2db40303-6ad7-4fd0-868f-7511f3c6ea35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a logharmonic mapping defined on the unit disk U where</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\a81626d4-bd9d-4051-832b-11eeda4dd08a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>then for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\3a6ad098-5e34-4bec-9af5-bc2075872bcf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>i) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\968d936e-3c5b-4869-9fd5-e34d0f8ad1c5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>ii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\0d1e532b-88ff-4ddd-9049-ba76e37b83ab.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>iii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\e346a0a2-2dda-4324-91df-3987901fd987.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Equality holds for the right hand side if and only if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\ef69524c-c574-4881-be5f-bfd1a7fa446e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\6e752bea-52ab-4548-a84a-afa4dd134c60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> which leads to</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\983dc01d-9be6-4431-8d97-9ec42e69353a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>where</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\f892f0e9-f7d9-4caf-b3ca-23d95cb1bd52.png" /></p><p>Proof. i) Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\b219f74f-7746-489f-a7bb-837114ccf354.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a logharmonic mapping with respect to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\78d3d7ec-8720-4bbb-a499-a893baa27c40.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\c295d6cf-4532-4533-a924-8e2ada5ea9bf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Suppose that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\40ce768f-d71f-494b-b14a-619929f2e46c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> Then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\462e273d-0281-42ca-97b2-59eab9edcc1b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> can be written in the form</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62609"><label>(2.2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\6e359634-e4e5-4ba3-b1d7-e92de0f37ee0.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\9b3a95e8-a6d7-40ff-a4c5-89a223c13d85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> we have</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62610"><label>(2.3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\0f572050-fc7c-4eab-ae65-7a01dee0acef.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62611"><label>(2.4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\9961dad4-8b7a-422f-b19a-b1e187a5c38a.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Combining (2.2), (2.3) and (2.4), we get</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\acc59288-cc5b-4b57-a3e4-9eea91b16041.png" /></p><p>Equality holds for the right hand side if and only if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\25dea63e-bb57-43a6-9bab-a809af8add1f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\61bbf731-0084-4b0b-b3c2-c667e40f4a78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> which leads to</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\9effa25f-f089-4a72-83e0-aac00255b3ab.png" /></p><p>For the left hand side inequality, we have</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\c3545518-b40c-4015-9d0f-4304973d4db4.png" /></p><p>ii) and iii) Differentiation <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\8f317453-9924-4e1c-a36b-db0c26a3dd9c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in (2.2) with respect to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\ef777b0a-a094-48f4-98d3-cb5a566a1c5c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\842079f7-0fbd-4797-b18f-9721de96c997.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> respectively leads to</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62612"><label>(2.5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\b0af06b8-9c1a-41ce-94df-f6ad16f9814a.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62613"><label>(2.6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\ca99b3f0-8391-4e8f-9d91-6b389cc39ef2.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The result follows from substituting from Theorem 2(i), (2.3) and (2.4) into (2.5) and (2.6).</p><p>In the next theorem we establish an upper bound for the arclength of the set of all logharmonic mappings <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\68216875-4bfd-4289-8a88-a07c786fc384.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\95867c96-c5ba-4201-90d1-abd7fa2fd9e3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Theorem 3 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\4d91c568-2d82-4779-a653-b6b9b9906cc4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a logharmonic mapping defined on the unit disk U where</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\96072ad8-7492-4131-8b1f-22c7aeba03ab.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>Suppose that for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\d21f8bbd-0393-465b-a6d5-bfcff01845cb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\89c49e13-f4ed-400c-b6d9-61aea359985a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\dc577c9c-c1bf-4192-9cf9-7782b0d7ee37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\133f8fce-3fc2-42b3-a2a3-7d27766d1cba.png" /></p><p>Proof. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\f73a2d1f-d2a0-433f-a7b9-981e3f5eb1eb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> denote the closed curve which is the image of the circle <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\cfe74823-aa65-4f1a-9f2b-140bf7f760e5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> under the mapping<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\5b1cd3c9-0598-449e-bbe4-30ba3e024cab.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\39e185b6-5a6b-4c8a-8114-0803a1322445.png" /></p><p>Now using (2.5) and (2.6) we have</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\55c7f219-636d-4331-ad8d-b576a363a82f.png" /></p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\9eef4fcd-6926-4e03-a641-aacd6245f647.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>Therefore,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62614"><label>(2.7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\27fa4774-b079-4437-9e62-495fec635207.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62615"><label>(2.8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\472a59f5-586f-4908-b8f1-0eb067712c39.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Since <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\d6ec8ca1-e77e-494f-8cd4-8d85db5933b1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is harmonic, and by the mean value theorem for harmonic functions, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\4cfcf1f7-720a-4d2d-b6bf-d2de34af3a11.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>Also, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\b70b6112-9aa7-4d95-9776-632a4261380a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is subordinate to<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\aaedfb8e-d81d-46aa-8e4c-755013a16c51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>therefore, we have</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\e7368d44-76fd-472b-a4e0-ce3120421b86.png" /></p><p>Substituting the bounds for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\0846628d-4f31-4d4f-8c9c-079151b0062f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\8d4308fa-4238-4a84-9de8-543030e880bc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in (2.8), we get</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\6b9c4439-24cc-48e7-9fc0-e2c69e6e9b83.png" /></p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62616"><graphic  xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\492dcc4f-1a56-4735-9ccb-dd04274a5113.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Integral Means</title><p>Theorem 4 of this section is an applications of the Baerstein star functions to the class of logharmonic mappings <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\bfabe075-4e35-44d5-883d-d9b9b4952901.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> defined on the unit disk <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\423b56b2-c520-4c93-942e-ba6629589380.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\6bfa49c4-e7d3-4b97-9f51-384558a3cf8f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Star function was first introduced and properties were derived by Baerstein [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref17">17</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref18">18</xref>] , [Chapter 7]. The first application was the remarkable result, if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\84c239a2-5363-4729-8b2f-b303abf766ff.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62617"><label>(3.1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\f660e2f9-047f-4a25-a1bf-107364040427.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\5e3d51ac-4624-446a-8d1d-923c57a293cd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\482aac0f-2458-4192-b34a-085d72250e45.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\4deb3789-00ac-4f0d-97af-c17cb1e3489e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\9ac6ea06-d2ec-4a90-b05f-e18839aeb8f6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a real <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\fd45cd14-1a98-4040-a9c9-066f4245d292.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> function in an annulus <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\d32ec330-4b67-4b0f-a725-1a161cd29ea9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then the definition of the star function of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\c22b43d2-83d4-435e-a14c-ed6cd6561f8e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\578041cc-e613-47c4-9ce7-09be3edbd108.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\3eed70c1-1cfd-4de5-a9df-0696a7707671.png" /></p><p>One important property is that when <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\f3ab4d00-5d0a-4cbf-b3c2-ab68828afeb2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is symmetric (even) re-arrangement then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62618"><label>(3.2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\4d225c07-4919-43ac-beab-37aa03c7628d.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Other properties [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref18">18</xref>] , [Chapter 7] are that the star-function is sub-additive and star respects subordination. Respect means that the star of the subordinate function is less than or equal to the star of the function. In addition, it was also shown that star-function is additive when functions are symmetric re-arrangements. Here is a lemma, quoted in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref18">18</xref>] , [Chapter 7] which we will use later.</p><p>Lemma 1 For <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\aa900508-b5e9-47fc-aa6a-76ea3d90c25f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> real and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\acc698b4-bbce-458b-a469-de3e2c1ce269.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\819e3691-0cec-424e-aa8b-b208930763ab.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the following are equivalent a) For every convex non-decreasing function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\5ae363e2-e879-4eef-8097-aded5a258362.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\cda5628b-2911-4235-990a-39fd94d003af.png" /></p><p>b) For every <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\3853c684-7064-44cd-b511-3d7e50223290.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\bd0c6992-e17c-4835-8ee9-93e5798a667d.png" /></p><p>c) For every <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\56d5655f-1807-40b3-93f6-08382698f375.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\b37701ff-7480-4c64-9a4c-deb19e4d2c30.png" /></p><p>Our main result of this section is the following theorem.</p><p>Theorem 4 If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\adf895f7-19e3-4d53-9fdf-11b61a89831d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a logharmonic mapping defined on the unit disk U where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\d8c0ca6b-6132-4556-b000-8153ef80dee2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then for each fixed <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\2b79cb67-5bf8-4a80-b074-c482396150af.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\d699bcdc-0d7a-467b-b3c4-d03d3f1f06c3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and as a function of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\42c7b641-cf8e-4a0e-b983-e01ebd935f38.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\c36d7a1f-2acc-4646-a51c-1c23077840fb.png" /></p><p>Equality occurs if and only if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\a3c4d4c3-b24c-425d-a237-173c25dbf1a4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is one of the functions of the form<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\08e75f66-ac39-4978-a8f7-843e0f997e41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\151d9f4c-cc2e-43c7-9f08-5031d905a47e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\13d534d9-4f87-4b50-bcad-2f641eecc87a.png" /></p><p>Proof. Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\c60992e8-1440-45d0-b041-eacfc81e794f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then by (2.2), we have</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\a27a33f0-da84-43ec-be02-4fcdd4afb017.png" /></p><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\80e7ccac-75dc-43c3-ad52-11a42739b765.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\135b2ba2-b84e-4c16-b322-c56c74993599.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Then</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62619"><label>(3.3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\12a740c4-7530-4d2b-9edf-7723ab4838ef.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Write <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\5b372a76-067c-439b-a0eb-2c4e4d0db416.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\e79663a6-eb94-4788-9d89-584389c26e72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is analytic, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\f71d3f6e-00f5-45d5-88d3-2dc2b723c21d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\890bebbd-0b2f-4fa1-a4b7-27df8fb3a1f8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44806-ref9">9</xref>] ).</p><p>As the star-function is sub-additive,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62620"><label>(3.4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\7afd1c2a-220a-450b-ab76-23ccfa996b73.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>But since</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\859742e6-db2c-411c-8fed-065505eb8b72.png" /></p><p>each is subharmonic. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\bcc88aa0-fe69-4981-b734-638037401595.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is subordinate to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\580bcd5f-28f0-473f-9fe6-3144b89c15a5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\4b15d81c-636c-46df-bf47-3058adb4063b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is subordinate to</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\4cdd74be-a9c4-4e6c-933b-7ddbc9434d5e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>Hence</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\ff137515-5f04-4dc1-b960-42a7664fe0ab.png" /></p><p>and</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\2ff96813-c9dc-4821-8f00-07ac6cc78267.png" /></p><p>Then,</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\b6c7fe6d-ece2-4417-8b2e-d879243a9eb4.png" /></p><p>Thus,</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\0e928edd-a07b-43da-8dde-14db7db5d67b.png" /></p><p>It follows that</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62621"><label>(3.5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\7b585a7b-c857-4100-9745-2e87ca7420a6.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Consequently, by combining (3.4), (3.5) and using the fact that star-functions respect subordination, it follows that</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\2cff5a85-0473-4115-a817-36aa7120b2dc.png" /></p><p>Hence, as star-functions are additive when functions are symmetric re-arrangements,</p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62622"><label>(3.6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\ff72660d-381c-4405-85ae-83fd2389c70a.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\27315ed0-88a8-4836-bba7-b5e4cfa6fc26.png" /></p><disp-formula id="scirp.44806-formula62623"><graphic  xlink:href="htmlimages\2-7402004x\e74e6c40-a9fa-4a76-8e0e-55eeff81f837.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Now by using Theorem 4 we have Corollary 1 If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\0ab2bb5b-55d1-4d54-9e06-adeddfbc9fc5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a logharmonic mapping defined on the unit disk U where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\6a4d8a41-b524-4d4b-a968-9e1a27107526.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\59a448a4-c66a-45a2-bf94-a4a128a69a1e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\2eea2253-3f3c-4662-b654-285f17727c3f.png" /></p><p>and</p><p><img src="htmlimages\2-7402004x\7cc577f7-2d51-4968-9947-14bad8eb40d7.png" /></p><p>the later implies that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\a91c0be7-5b43-476f-9ce0-d090170738f4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> hence <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\57dc006f-54ed-462e-9ab1-7389ec8024e2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> has radial limits.</p><p>Proof. Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\4fbc5455-67bf-4e3e-8c29-1388f6f5a683.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> this is non-decreasing convex function .The first integral mean can be obtained using part (a) of Lemma 1 and Theorem 4. Moreover, the choice <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\2-7402004x\a701fc09-165d-414b-ba75-a60e99d8bc67.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> yields the second integral mean.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.44806-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Abdulhadi</surname><given-names> Z. </given-names></name>,<etal>et al</etal>. 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