<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">APM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Advances in Pure Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2160-0368</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/apm.2014.43011</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">APM-44336</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Filtered Ring Derived from Discrete Valuation Ring and Its Properties
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>.</surname><given-names>H. Anjom Shoa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>M.</surname><given-names>H. Hosseini</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>ajomshoamh@birjand.ac.ir(.HAS)</email>;<email>mhhosseini@birjand.ac.ir(MHH)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>03</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>7</day>	<month>January</month>	<year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>7</day>	<month>February</month>	<year>2014</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>15</day>	<month>February</month>	<year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
   In this paper we show that if <b>R</b> is a discrete valuation ring, then <b>R</b> is a filtered ring. We prove some properties and relation when <b>R </b>is a discrete valuation ring. 
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Commutative Ring; Valuation Ring; Discrete Valuation Ring; Filtered Ring; Graded Ring; Filtered Module; Graded Module</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>In commutative algebra, valuation ring and filtered ring are two most important structures (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref1">1</xref>] -[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref3">3</xref>] ). If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ddb4eeae-7c30-4bf8-b25f-aebe9084874f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a discrete valuation ring, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\896308d8-cb5d-433d-a7a8-458ffbebfec5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> has many properties that have many usages for example decidability of the theory of modules over commutative valuation domains (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref1">1</xref>] -[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref3">3</xref>] ), Rees valuations, and asymptotic primes of rational powers in Noetherian rings, and lattices (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref4">4</xref>] ). We know that filtered ring is also a most important structure since filtered ring is a base for graded ring especially associated graded ring, completion, and some results like on the Andreadakis Johnson filtration of the automorphism group of a free group (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref5">5</xref>] ) on the depth of the associated graded ring of a filtration (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref6">6</xref>] ). So, as important structures, the relation between these structures is useful for finding some new structure. In this article, we show that we can make a filtration with a valuation. Then we explain some new properties for it. On the other hand, we show this is a strongly filtered ring, then we explain some new properties for it.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Preliminaries</title><p>In this paper the ring <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4d4923ae-04ef-4f61-b315-fab6eb819f59.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> means a commutative ring with unit.</p><p>Definition 2.1 A subring <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\51e7baeb-c594-405a-86f4-3f31d8c564a9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of a field <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5197bf05-d688-4005-bef3-78fccd7d7950.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is called a valuation ring of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d81a3d2e-b8c3-4123-95f8-d3d26e2a3b5c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, if for every<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b77a764c-7334-44c6-89cc-bfcd572ec7c8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ae038a2c-0230-4685-a2a0-f0befb38a322.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, either <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\7a8a93b1-1a18-4db2-a942-0c6c394af5b0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> or<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2e5837d0-31e8-41cf-b4f8-5bcb4c31396a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 2.2 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\df6885b1-4ed2-4cf7-923d-e94836dfcc82.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a totally ordered abelian group. A valuation <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\e815431d-6015-4907-a1a3-b046936e5de4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f4891b85-e42f-4846-9e19-a66fc55d6a2d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with values in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\db0234b3-9520-42dc-a0bc-0aa6d5afab7b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a mapping <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2032b9f5-bcdd-47a7-8e5c-c2f550b73ac5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> satisfying:</p><p>i)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\97cefd16-9d0f-4c27-a69a-6724de380ccb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>ii)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\1da25cc9-dac7-464a-a468-94a12db756c7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 2.3 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4a9533f9-33a4-4841-9626-42f1c522526d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be field. A discrete valuation on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c2a7935b-3104-439a-b5c1-d5551ea318c5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a valuation <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5cf54df9-3868-49d8-8e96-63340597c977.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> which is surjective.</p><p>Definition 2.4 A fractionary ideal of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3df12534-323a-4a66-882b-9fb5528c9d51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is an <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\069a3c97-0ca1-469c-955f-716ec1426a37.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-submodule <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\6d544c5e-72a2-44ab-b374-a131d0cc3f45.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\50ea86e1-1f85-4c3d-a2d6-e0bc6bc40daa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\389997df-ed8b-40c2-80c3-f6311f7dbbb8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for some<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\53243903-683a-4fbc-84c2-343290085312.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f6216ceb-fa7a-44b3-bfb7-873985c1b9da.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 2.5 A fractionary ideal <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\fc16df4c-91a5-4f90-8d29-1bc514050418.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is called invertible, if there exists another fractionary ideal <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\bf73d12b-ec0a-4e8d-8edf-b70da2085222.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\df857e8d-e053-45fa-b522-1ed05278e0e8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proposition 2.1 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\14024744-b06e-4e90-beac-e5988380eef6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a local domain. Every non zero fractionary ideal of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4fa13eed-cb7d-486e-9af7-17b280451a0a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is invertible if and only if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ac4d305a-3436-4868-8fb4-c2cbb8c117aa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is DVR (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref3">3</xref>] ).</p><p>Theorem 2.1 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\9a3e2d89-5585-45bd-9427-1566b1ae7370.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a Noetherian local domain with unique maximal ideal <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\dc4dedd7-93c7-4ebb-87b9-262b89cf9c6d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\46e370ed-416b-49e2-8e39-86a32cceb0f5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the quotient field of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\290ba5be-1224-45e2-965c-7f75446a1caa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The following conditions are equivalent.</p><p>i) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\cab1c913-b89d-49f6-a3ca-5aac70d2e543.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a discrete valuation ring;</p><p>ii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\8594e183-f7f4-43fc-88ef-c25cdcb24405.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a principal ideal domain;</p><p>iii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ee0f1b1d-efef-4719-85e7-cd0b3482f5e5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is principal;</p><p>iv) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\67fbbd85-128a-47d2-9ccb-a8ebd2c3c7eb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is internally closed and every non-zero prime ideal of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2991f5b0-3803-4331-998e-16cc26c8b296.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is maximal;</p><p>v) Every non-zero ideal of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\15696668-342a-4354-93d6-3db330f683d3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is power of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\38c74703-330d-4cc6-8f87-e0d7232ad3f5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref3">3</xref>] ).</p><p>Definition 2.6 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\eb74db60-70c9-47b4-8624-2ad16e6dcea3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a ring together with a family <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\23dc524d-793e-441c-b58c-5dceaba111ce.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of subgroups of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\20d3bb3d-617f-4918-a049-48005741cba2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> if satisfying the following conditions:</p><p>i)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f482e709-0066-4805-aad1-74f915d7fd89.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>ii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0dde8e6b-9f21-4682-abc9-4c04e10ff0c0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\dd546b2d-0a59-4751-8251-fc8c7977e5ef.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>iii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\bc107dab-2f70-48a6-aa19-903e10ad2906.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0dff65db-3aac-486b-a5ac-932578a3f10a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>Then we say <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\e8b382b6-6af3-4360-883f-bf63c8e779c9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> has a filtration.</p><p>Definition 2.7 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\8edafb2e-e345-4131-a0ce-154b88c3c767.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a ring together with a family <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\eaf8ef37-9ba4-434b-a8bb-74ac78a1e4ff.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of subgroups of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\1199fd07-8c05-4498-95eb-36fb42e62d35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> if satisfying the following conditions:</p><p>i)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ed51fad4-89f1-4b79-85ab-af2d581168de.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>ii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f9220814-a0f7-41a4-8c49-d807344decfa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\9f226c9d-0d7b-4cad-8f08-1637010fbf90.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>iii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\05c0c648-dc53-459b-8474-2ccdc54b042d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c16ed9cf-09cf-4184-9e54-f5d35b4d7770.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>Then we say <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\7f1cfe6b-0516-4eaa-a46e-3d78e1542812.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> has a strong filtration.</p><p>Example 2.1 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\877e06b2-63f9-4a2a-976b-b5ef8caa0343.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be an ideal of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b9d40a19-f4b6-4189-b862-748d45e6fc8c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\70e45843-54e1-4999-9618-466d61f568f3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a filtration that is called <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2676c88c-5cd2-4064-ad49-cfcc6541c295.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> adic filtration ring.</p><p>Definition 2.8 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\733333c2-4112-4ca8-9780-117aad3f996b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a filtered ring. A filtered <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2688755b-9a8e-4a1b-b740-35b9b5b22932.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-module <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\a7bbf308-071e-4877-b927-02382d46e954.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is an <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0f9dc528-53a9-4c98-a40d-5498e568f605.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-module together with family <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\73bbe919-7b0f-46cb-a90c-e67cc40d0e41.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of subgroup <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b7b8a26c-7170-401a-9319-792bdf89651c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of satisfying:</p><p>1.<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d6c40600-5557-4383-bc12-0acdc5bacc2d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>2. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2482b49d-a293-469f-8f74-9a6e7f147d24.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\6b87af54-af6c-453c-b61d-57160e6bae0a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>3. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\08971bce-2829-402d-b094-16f41b1f9937.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3c146962-153e-4fe2-a1db-edb449babb33.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Then we say <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\907be2ee-f431-45c3-b543-d1f9fe214508.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> has a filtration.</p><p>Definition 2.9 A map <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\48b7697b-1e98-486b-9c14-3765a0d3f91f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is called a homomorphism of filtered modules, if: i) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\63e6b37a-ba82-4eb4-b488-115d4173fddf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\79691207-961b-4bdf-ab30-78a944f292be.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-module an homomorphism and ii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c140417a-1fa5-407f-94c3-2df9b58dab0e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\1616b467-6635-41d3-b2e1-3b39f8daa2c3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 2.10 A graded ring <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c9f7274a-b271-4a4b-af19-f964afaab6e3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a ring, which can expressed as a direct sum of subgroup <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f1177d60-4f01-483a-85ee-bfdcb2381298.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> i.e. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f8c1337c-b982-494c-b9d9-640bf797d1d8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>such that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\403e4724-15ca-4772-8005-468feda666d3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\85ae8c2c-1871-4b9e-80bd-3d7b2dfd4cca.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>Definition 2.11 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\e1484f49-9403-47e9-92e5-cbf9f1969908.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a graded ring. An <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\17803d06-b763-4d25-8621-1c09bee6c7db.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-module <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f6887647-a0ba-43f8-902e-002d0d412a78.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is called a graded <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ad90b76d-be34-4356-8e25-afcd6346a3df.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-module, if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\1be951e3-14c8-4289-9c74-7f3f1b262906.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> can be expressed as a direct sum of subgroups <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\8ceb0ae9-2f1a-48b6-ae2e-d92e1a7a2612.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> i.e. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d2bfd3a7-02bb-4cad-af12-40d9d50c8622.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>such that <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2e8c018a-b6d9-4f9e-adb8-4c3789848b23.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5f461827-bd09-4a12-94cc-cf286cca1145.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 2.12 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\092cc59e-a5af-4956-aa1e-e62a689c447e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ed80efde-96e3-4ad0-9703-c250dcf9ed8a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be graded modules over a graded ring<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c744e0a6-e3ad-4c7e-9a2e-2d1400afa809.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. A map <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\cfc9024f-b0c3-44a3-b23d-e78be0b2ecd1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is called homomorphism of graded modules if: i) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\41fa8b7b-4e39-4664-be5d-49ec2970f69c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ac110ba2-12fa-4f72-b802-b1b5015d0d4e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-module an homomorphism and ii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3c50511e-7f04-4850-845c-33d0e3601816.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\6712a88e-3dbb-4aa4-8416-aa311b029f86.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 2.13 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\8e49ddfb-1d57-4211-a53e-c1670b02c09f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a filtered ring with filtration<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\6848e5ae-5046-4546-8f8e-04d59bf29fb6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\7ae3e399-c617-4548-b5fe-1e788d77d411.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f309d5f8-23f5-4f62-b7d5-f66a1bd689aa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\164ce982-c4ef-481b-bf82-091c3bbcb4c1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> has a natural multiplication induced from <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f785f5cb-0a7e-4b64-9826-f8048ed92850.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> given</p><p><img src="htmlimages\1-5300497x\6af73248-af7e-4278-a3bb-36098744fcf9.png" /></p><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\bb48a282-556a-46e2-9c77-aa3d74f994a2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. This makes <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d54bd9e2-6197-44bb-b95a-07cb339fc6e4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in to a graded ring. This ring is called the associated graded ring of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\72878bba-d4da-4f04-9f07-a6f86dae0320.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Definition 2.14 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f20b65d6-3fb9-4be7-a2b9-f11f74a63028.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a filtered <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\55a1b5c2-225a-4806-b34b-ac8bc0b4637c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-module over a filtered ring <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0ebff108-091f-4452-a691-de854c33f704.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with filtration <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0c0a46ee-743d-44cc-a54d-edf9c95d3e07.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d2625347-3172-4b8a-b9f6-45639a9c208a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> respectively. Let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\aa0ab260-06df-4ce7-b4a4-ec216a29fc51.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b5135b31-7f36-444e-93a0-2920626494db.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\7774f4e3-ba57-471b-96b1-9c25097c2ee5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> has a natural</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\cb66e89d-9ce3-471d-b472-a1d3d8d20e49.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-module structure given by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\bf100a18-c132-49e6-924b-6dfe04fbc325.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2aca8e36-6d09-46be-9dfa-e0a575ca84da.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Filtered Ring Derived from Discrete Valuation Ring and Its Properties</title><p>In this section we proved that, if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3ccf6312-0f61-4044-af6e-106e95755a7f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a discrete valuation ring, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3fc03650-2c27-4a9e-a655-e739ad64e877.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a filtered ring. And we prove some properties for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\544838f5-0cb9-499c-82f5-c4294fe8de8f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c8c37c37-6676-4ed2-ba9b-7babd30e6003.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a field which <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4d391b8b-e64e-4edc-9b81-0206a090d53d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a domain and a discrete valuation ring (DVR) for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\89b15016-4d7d-45bd-8f2c-69a5cd89a506.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The map <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\95e734d0-5040-47ff-ab18-52f3ebbed6d6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is valuation of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0d5b2e45-3c62-48fa-a89d-7911ea8e506d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Lemma 3.1 By above definition, the set <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\844eb52a-7374-4d51-85fe-f7deef8714c4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is an ideal of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3cd178f1-b896-4f21-9881-beced07312de.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proof. (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref3">3</xref>] )</p><p>Theorem 3.1 If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\6a4eb9a2-5fcd-4427-9ce6-71cb5a0d45f8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a discrete valuation ring with valuation<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\bd7e87c8-196b-42ee-9bf2-fd673acb4bb5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\1c50e86f-5509-4091-ab37-11b8ea480dee.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a filtered ring with filtration defined by</p><p><img src="htmlimages\1-5300497x\1aa05fcb-c804-457d-97cb-600cb4eed06c.png" /></p><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ed2d5c47-7506-46bc-a9dc-9807c36bb6e5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proof. By definition of valuation ring, it is obvious that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4bb8b522-df38-4517-97ad-17223b3f4c53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. For the second condition for filtration ring we have<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\8b159278-2476-4e33-b2b7-7d6dfee3be11.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, So we have<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\69b0661d-8b66-4222-b96e-bb6df520bdd0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>For the third condition, we have for every <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\620e1ec7-997f-4127-a093-a1a7c00a893e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b5dfde75-8d1b-4a88-a083-79dcaf0af3ad.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> without losing generality. Since <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\341310aa-b5df-48d9-98a5-449ffce38dc1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\90d634b5-4edf-4f2e-9ca0-5d7553f08340.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are ideals of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\8e90d9b3-f335-4abe-a134-96023b45ec76.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> so</p><p><img src="htmlimages\1-5300497x\5a2ea398-4c4b-4f0f-b298-d956b326aec2.png" /></p><p>is an ideal of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\52e210da-6f8f-4d87-9003-4702598c7dbb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Now let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b1a58bd0-a3a5-4d6d-baa0-e1a1b23581a8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5268925d-2273-4051-bfd3-4c912588d7b4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\50fd5119-39b5-46dd-a8af-07a6896619b2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\50b05087-1dd3-4d97-a1f1-a82235385faa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Thus</p><p><img src="htmlimages\1-5300497x\a7155b1e-ae3e-4423-a6c5-35f9f33b3c4e.png" /></p><p>Consequently we have <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\e3ec6957-7572-47c5-b7a9-419e1ebfd430.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> hence<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\330430ff-371e-464b-b681-2efffda1c4b6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Therefore <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c9f916cd-da3b-4a9c-bf99-65452d7f212d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a filtered ring.</p><p>Proposition 3.1 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d5f69b3c-a414-47aa-bbe5-d8adb11f27d0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a local domain. If every non-zero fractionary ideal of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c9c4fa8a-68d3-470f-9492-1e8e461168c0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> invertible, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\29bd8bda-e7db-475f-8f08-0658a03f4785.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is filtered ring.</p><p>Proof. By proposition 2.1 <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f23809ea-9b6c-4f8e-9350-de5e2b34cb3d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is DVR then by theorem 3.1 <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\a2bd04c3-d997-4b99-bfcd-e54e7d007a26.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is filtered ring.</p><p>Proposition 3.2 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d0f09e72-743a-40c0-90a1-a03368692aff.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a Noetherian local domain with unique maximal ideal <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3d00cdd5-96eb-4d47-a91d-cbcba2008375.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\69736011-6d7e-4dff-a333-a16451bce944.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the quotient field of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\770871af-46c4-4c9a-b9f6-8553e19c217c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\00cf0c0b-a471-42f6-8b47-1ace61e34464.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is filtered ring if one of following conditions is held i) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\78717d88-ba20-4b61-a5b7-3e713ad182a8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is a principal ideal domain;</p><p>ii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d2fca25d-9e82-4dc7-9d89-bf54e67790a7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is principal;</p><p>iii) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3f4c0b9e-6711-4b65-a051-bd5bb7f6916b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is integrally closed and every non-zero prime ideal of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\49454aa9-17a5-44fb-8979-46c494e727f1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is maximal.</p><p>Proof. It follows from theorem (3.1) and theorem (2.1).</p><p>Definition 3.1 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2d7a6d22-d069-433b-add2-a53dcebfa853.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a ring, and let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b635fd47-8fc5-43b1-9da9-8863b9fc4a4e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a totally ordered cancellative semigroup having identity<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ae2a26da-2506-43e6-80bf-62f46f857cd1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. A function <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\7ce83e03-9e42-46e6-98fe-72264da2b2f7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a filtration if<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\a5716cab-e5ad-45d1-975e-228bd9c646e7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4b0e9e11-b24c-456d-b743-a399910d78ff.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d885849b-53c4-4292-b010-9b4509f363cf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>i)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\570c6daf-9a94-4f6e-b74a-aa1f14a3f8dd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and ii)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\516ebb57-e62e-4252-8efe-eab1cdd00873.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\69eb229f-a363-4cb7-a78e-18c0196f218e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is called a filtration.</p><p>For this filtration we have 1) <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\64f23e2e-32ac-41d6-881c-b2c1cbb9349c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>the set of ideals;</p><p>2)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b97e6472-9da7-4786-877d-d65717c70db2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>3)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\90e4e0bb-4ee1-41bd-84ba-40f9e062c42f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>4)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\84b2eeaf-d3c2-49ac-868f-2e9de9eafeec.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Lemma 3.2 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5bc9e906-1b1d-48e5-9ea3-9e35d6897b35.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a filtration and let<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\6167f71a-819b-4295-bdba-09645631d7b7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then:</p><p>i)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b67a2b57-a43d-4961-86cd-4a1df99d828f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>ii)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\86dcc8e2-7651-4660-8efd-34bdea911cd1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>iii)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0cec6737-2cab-4396-a203-5585a9a87f63.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>iv) if<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\fa421bb2-58aa-4a3d-a271-ebf739ed5483.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\656c3c4f-224f-4ba9-82ce-4adb7fd63a65.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\cff28d81-e914-4b3f-a134-66ef3ed7759c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proof. See lemma 3.3 of [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref7">7</xref>] .</p><p>Proposition 3.3 If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\48537c46-c721-421b-a44b-37bc36293c2d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a discrete valuation ring, then there exists a totally ordered cancellative semigroup<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\aeee7c39-9b41-4139-bb5c-b1d3ab40efe9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\9998f061-8e86-4e55-abc0-e166707e737f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that:</p><p>i)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c7f569b5-389f-43e3-b37e-032d9075f842.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>ii)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0ffe65f2-5521-4a22-8f97-494e7928c28f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>iii)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\09c3467c-3257-4b6e-9b82-6225a09cff30.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>;</p><p>iv) if<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\a22af6e2-851d-4f1d-b052-362775a86060.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c648be51-7d26-43d0-9aef-980d25ae8839.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5a1fa045-2cca-405f-a618-c31574455512.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proof. By theorem 3.1 there exists a filtration for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4b5fd361-762c-42ae-ac55-2c5d86a6e7b8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then by lemma 2.1 we have the all above conditions.</p><p>Proposition 3.4 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\e3b232d8-ad71-4b7b-83a6-8a09330fa986.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a filtered ring, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5bdb8690-431d-465c-839f-9c4fd99e103c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ddb9673d-984b-4fd7-adfd-d04796a52b57.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>filtered <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b52f7c36-d04f-4420-9634-fa2250cc57a3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-modules, and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\cd205181-dfc9-450e-b8e3-9bb93a63e73f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> homomorphism of filtered <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\97debfb6-af34-4e2e-84d5-b5708559e4c2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-modules. If the induced map <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\93f31003-3a79-4b0c-99aa-d4bcb8350004.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is injective, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\54381e03-e3bc-4173-a5c9-d67ed9abd4a9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is injective provided<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0d9b3f85-4e24-4364-b742-ae96a876c76f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref3">3</xref>] )</p><p>Corollary 3.1 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\0d01c94d-dfb3-41ea-a48e-95214193c199.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a valuation ring, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\01fad613-9e9d-48fe-9fd2-e268aecf5f01.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5dbf276b-3914-43f5-be93-8d3c1a8b1d53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>filtered <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\dd7fa9e8-c19f-4850-9591-86f40f0a92f8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-modules, and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\7c556d2a-7400-4c80-9f42-52c736cafe58.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> homomorphism of filtered <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\8df72873-f8a7-4ed0-8e82-20110989182c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>-modules. If the induced map <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\8500e61c-22e3-406d-8731-aba966df6a10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is injective, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ec48900b-a9bb-4b17-89f1-713bbf3b6f1c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is injective provided<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ffc6e214-97ca-49df-9c4d-51aad1793aef.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proposition 3.5 If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\f3af71e1-9d2d-4773-b545-26adf39c7558.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a discrete valuation ring with valuation<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4d8d7507-9806-4680-a9fa-c9a01e411e68.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, Then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4499c386-3149-4e28-bac2-843a04404228.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a strongly filtered ring with filtration defined by</p><p><img src="htmlimages\1-5300497x\e9b1b345-fb35-4514-af2b-aaff2d9ef07a.png" /></p><p>where<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\2fbbf960-500d-4169-acc2-eed3ea06dd3a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proof. By theorem 3.1 <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\791ca3d6-51a7-4750-a475-7a8a66facd43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is a filtered ring. Now we show <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5e6c7348-53b6-482e-9857-374581fedc72.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for all<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\e9cf305a-b420-4fe6-8e21-d00174449009.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Since <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\cbcec41f-d1c6-4180-85df-24b5d9af2f0a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> so</p><p><img src="htmlimages\1-5300497x\45b87854-fc08-4f02-92a4-112a2ce217af.png" /></p><p>Consequently<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4568ca1d-39ae-4010-8507-59ae4795c4bb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3bfbf484-9e65-434a-b052-13f84a67b9cd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Therefore<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ebffa57b-5a30-4c64-8c6c-ea22427a7dda.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proposition 3.6 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\bbb8af77-2b0a-4ab8-82f5-8d565fd7e48b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a discrete valuation ring, and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4f161c32-3a69-4317-8bb0-9b051b30aacb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\5af53596-284f-44bf-9475-ba35c051bae2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\88164971-b887-4009-bfce-deb4a9fe7e20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\75c73f55-754e-4dc9-9d2a-83491c83f290.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is smallest prime ideal in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\8db6f083-7d35-4ee4-abee-15324eb3dd2e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> which contains<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\7c8eb94f-48d5-4136-8014-8b6093c19319.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\48a873fd-abd2-4c17-a09d-f9319a36d18a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is largest prime ideal in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d1ae69f1-fcc6-4f1a-9a34-c07adada4922.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>which does not contains<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\9eac0bba-7dd7-475d-b638-2fb53dd60941.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proof. By proposition 3.5 <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\37b5c5c5-9daf-44e6-84ac-f859795ce799.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is strongly filtered ring, then by proposition 4.2. of [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref7">7</xref>] -[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref9">9</xref>] we have If <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\49644ce3-f690-4b42-9e8e-0bc201db5edf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\ed1b5a39-718b-4cd6-8ebc-e72937fc0537.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\31797412-76b4-4609-825c-8b5b2104c76a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is smallest prime ideal in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\21d366dc-274e-48b9-9cca-2e523322eed8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that contains<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3a50d05c-5dcd-4f84-8235-0a4eb987e004.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\7382d573-27b7-480b-90fc-b6c747c2c152.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is the largest prime ideal in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\b3d20d77-db69-4f52-a6d7-93df8cd9ab21.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that does not contains<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\fd40544e-f38b-4c28-9168-9dcf15d6efcc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Remark 3.1 Given a strong filtration <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\61241389-fa61-45a1-8123-05ea2384a094.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> on a ring<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\dff137ec-4350-4336-9f86-27c9941ac507.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, we say that a prime <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\1b017eba-7ba9-431f-9574-2752fb230c28.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\72190bd3-2e46-4009-a566-d7146f733502.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is branched in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\519977ee-a84a-4a38-bf6d-caeb894ef2fa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\aa01a64c-1aed-491d-a020-cefce819f4c5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> cannot be written as union of prime ideals in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\fdfe2371-f1e3-4d00-8408-01fdc8be0101.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> such that properly contained in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\c56da5ea-7934-4c39-942a-21d6191e8157.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Corollary 3.2 Let <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\84be05ea-52f1-4efb-a0cb-d0426cb245ee.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be a discrete valuation ring and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\19121a2d-ec34-4f8d-b520-c0a06e6b69f5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then a prime ideal <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\56d69f9c-d208-476f-8573-a0be9a59817c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\e5ba4dd7-e414-450a-a23a-d9955be2288f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is branched in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\14a29cee-7b28-425f-b9f5-5e6963d0c144.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> if and only if <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\4a2d4999-0911-4585-a6b3-c9651c92db7c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for some<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\566fdbdb-c99c-43b9-9064-f6c73871c943.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Proof. By proposition 3.5 <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\30db5cfb-1d09-4d7e-9cbf-a39bfd4cc3b8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is strongly filtered ring, then by proposition 4.5. of [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.44336-ref7">7</xref>] a prime ideal <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\d4c92abc-551e-4705-93cd-925b71f787b4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\1dd547a0-9df2-404a-9b6d-dba363529508.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is branched in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\6639c0e2-dcc0-4ed0-a264-0ee964bdfa9b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, if and only if, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\3daf5925-047d-4a25-8d23-386b8169613c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for some<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\1-5300497x\15232b64-6214-4654-b012-1cec2aa7b453.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>NOTES</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.44336-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Atiyah, M.F. and Macdonald, L.G. 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