<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2152-7385</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/am.2014.54069</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">AM-43793</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  On Classification of k-Dimension Paths in n-Cube
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>.</surname><given-names>G. Ryabov</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>V.</surname><given-names>A. Serov</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Research Computer Center of Moscow State University, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>gen-ryabov@yandex.ru(.GR)</email>;<email>gen-ryabov@yandex.ru(VAS)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>05</volume><issue>04</issue><fpage>723</fpage><lpage>727</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day>	<month>December</month>	<year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>28</day>	<month>January</month>	<year>2014</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day>	<month>February</month>	<year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
   The shortest k-dimension paths (k-paths) between vertices of n-cube are considered on the basis a bijective mapping of k-faces into words over a finite alphabet. The presentation of such paths is proposed as (<em>n</em> － <em>k</em> + 1)&#215;<em>n</em> matrix of characters from the same alphabet. A classification of the paths is founded on numerical invariant as special partition. The partition consists of <em>n</em> parts, which correspond to columns of the matrix. 
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>n-Cube; Bijection; Cubant; k-Face; k-Path; Partition; Numerical Invariant; Hausdorff-Hamming Metrics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Discovery of n-cube combinatoric properties remains a relevant topic, which extends the connections of mathematical fields [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.43793-ref1">1</xref>] -[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.43793-ref4">4</xref>] . The bijective mappings play an important role in enumerative combinatorics as broad alighted in classical works of G.-C. Rota and R. P. Stanley [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.43793-ref5">5</xref>] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.43793-ref6">6</xref>] . Bijective form for some constructive world [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.43793-ref7">7</xref>] could be considered not only as suitable for enumerative problems, but also with point of view of effective computing synthesis (algorithms and operations with the potential large parallelism) in such frame. Such approach is considered in the article on the base of constructions (computing) for k-paths as complexes of k-faces in n-cube.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Shortly on Cubants</title><p>One of bijections for k-faces of n-cube was proposed in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.43793-ref8">8</xref>] . Let be<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\51edca69-eb40-44b6-b6ce-b24da425b6e7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>—reper in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\9cb8afc1-05b3-48c2-a348-0c77a8feb174.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, alphabet <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\bbae5a35-ec42-467f-b942-818501063a5c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and the set <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\50a51011-2e50-431d-b9d6-b56df8fc5518.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of all n-digits words. So some word of the set is<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\07779468-1acf-41d3-a39b-1c3b7a995b53.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Each k-face can be represent as Cartesian product <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\e43d3315-1abf-4e64-981a-4072b31266f9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of unit-segments <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\4ed3ec08-38c5-46e0-aded-6698706118dc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\96e8522f-c3ca-4add-9edf-2167ea5d5501.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and translation <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\1dec9b26-5af4-423a-893b-1814dc3a7722.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> along the rest basis such, that<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\9244fe03-9622-438e-a1b0-78697877f001.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. So the bijection for k-face <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\fe1adc64-0925-4055-9ca3-b1563b738a97.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> can be written as next:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\fb607b36-d7cd-4c71-8b77-d81a1f49908f.png" /></p><p>where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\cb23502a-0006-4d61-a1ea-a4ed23c72d1d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\62ae7067-69fc-4a98-b2f5-1e845c8ef9f0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\16a25bc6-c93f-42a7-b945-d94e40b21507.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\745bc244-f814-481d-a96d-200ea45a0ce0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\f18410bd-3cc0-4c19-847a-2b699a637998.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>for translation along <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\9ab33881-17b0-497a-a4b3-dcb3fdc10fc5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\a334ebab-2d63-4f77-9070-824f3fe0cdf2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, when translation is out. Such representation allows to store traditional coding for n-cube vertex coding (vertice is 0-face). Let character <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\cfaf6a7c-dc83-48a7-a3b7-fcb9d9645790.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> be supplement and then<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\de065e28-52ff-454a-b6a5-a73aadc806e7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Character-oriented operation multiplication (intersection) is determined on <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\399eaf48-4c55-4338-b3c2-27c38185e13d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (all quaternary n-digital words) with next rules:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\36716268-0bf3-46a3-a977-9c92b0e52a91.png" /></p><p>Really it’s intersection of sets: “0, 1”—endpoints of unit-segment and “2” corresponds full unit-segment. For short all words from <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\83ba08d8-6939-4f08-bb38-f5b9ce559e83.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are titled as cubants. So we can say the set of cubants forms monoid with unit-cubant <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\f597f9d4-f0fa-48e2-97ef-1757dd2d6ad5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>(n-face in n-cube, i.e. itself n-cube).</p><p>The character-oriented operation of addition for cubants is prescribed by next rules:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\3db44d85-0981-40c8-bffa-8794f7abc70b.png" /></p><p>Result of the operation is cubant for convex hull face and therefore one can write:</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\d3b92401-ed91-4c34-bc1c-fa60e26b5afa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Short-list of operations on cubants is outlined below:</p><p>1)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\eafb5823-0bc9-42f7-9125-29e397a5e2b3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>—counting of character <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\093d7812-2295-414c-b403-8a883baa252d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in cubant<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\21c4a64e-29d5-4f86-91d5-73d27b3bbe20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Result is from<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\059ea189-ffc1-48a9-89a5-e6d72062a895.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>2)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\e56787da-df00-4fe5-b2d5-bd352a0e8e3c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>—exchanging of all “0” to “1” and all “1” to “0” in cubant<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8880646f-07bb-4b16-840f-16161c2f9833.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Result <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\e7b9069f-eca7-471b-9f47-3e0ecae348e0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is cubant for antipodal (a.p.) face.</p><p>3)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\ab300882-17b9-4237-84d1-a7dd17653553.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>—operation multiplication. Result is cubant <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\795e166c-b4a7-471f-8e21-d34fb621b072.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for common face, if<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\cf2579bc-c988-46f0-a504-6938798ad6d5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. In case <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\9f8600db-4dd1-40eb-aeb1-3414b91c68ab.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> it’s<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\3ae84dd3-89b6-4fc5-9e7d-b13abc6aa0f9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>—length of shortest path along edges between faces with cubants <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\05c20235-59f3-47b9-85db-098d5cd2486f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8d91908b-cbd2-4f3a-b436-8a6b14076808.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<sub> </sub>in accordance with (1).</p><p>4)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\76489d29-ff10-4469-8e13-6570571ec313.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Result is cubant <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\21abadf4-1073-419d-86e8-d9e35e0c31e8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in accordance with (2).</p><p>5)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\44b7df0d-1a0b-42bb-9c86-a2d3d9325bdb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Exchanging letters “2” on “0” in such <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\5f00976f-5961-4232-8fdc-1b253dcd22b8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\e9192735-bc4c-4a96-bc79-1374f93d2e6d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for which<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\c7a67afd-94b4-4e7c-b19b-a02224487277.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, and “2” on “1”, for which<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\91afe1d5-a4d5-4321-abbb-4b1e478f4fd7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Result <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\d81f7b5e-f171-4f86-bfba-be23090f820b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> has got properties <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\53cc4878-175a-4bff-9e7a-4982490aa4e2.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\a893995b-87a2-4c76-b1b1-05ca2870b4a6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>6)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\ddaac7c7-3af7-4884-9197-ddc68eead480.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Calculation of Hausdorff-Hamming (HH) distance for faces with cubants<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\e064f275-4589-4227-8b01-6a34c33f3777.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\e26c9f68-7c4c-4f2d-9b1e-e0012b4568d9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.43793-ref9">9</xref>] .</p><p>7)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8f22115e-b195-485e-8047-70f9c1c28acd.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>—boundary for face with cubant<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\5b688b7a-248c-470b-a5c9-9ce8cdf38f5f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Result is a set of cubants corresponding the all hyperfaces.</p><p>Algorithm of HH-distance calculation was proposed in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.43793-ref9">9</xref>] and all k-faces of n-cube form finite metric HH-space. Simplicity of the algorithm gives foundation to add it to operations for cubants. By the way the same algorithm realized calculation of Gromov-Hausdorff (GH) distance between cubes (as finite metric spaces) of different dimensions.</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Matrix Representation of k-Path</title><p>Below we consider complexes of k-faces (here k-dimension of face in contrast to [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.43793-ref4">4</xref>] , where k-length along edges as shortest paths between vertex). Now we will give definition of k-path between two of antipodal (a.p.) vertices in terminology of cubants. No limits of common we can consider cubants <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8a13439f-c30a-404c-b0cf-f51417e4b2a5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\dcfd1d99-49d7-4d1e-b0c2-ad4fb65ed2bb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for a.p. vertices. Then the set of cubants<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\3c02b0f7-9640-447c-86a8-57719c6408cb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\949ff515-d0d9-42f4-904e-3d4144ee1df0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is bijectivial form of shortest k-path such, that next conditions are satisfied for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\113eb436-71c7-4560-ad2a-3d1726d58884.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\be0ff7f9-5b2a-4a16-a928-211bca3e735f.png" /></p><p>We represent set of such cubants in more visible form of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\05db5897-c207-41d1-ab8c-90c6be4062dc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> matrix<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\1ae39841-783f-433d-aa99-4d78bc3995b4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\51c346ff-40fd-4c63-af59-5ffc19dc4114.png" /></p><p>It’s easy to check next matrix corresponds to k-path for available <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\3f6189d2-9780-4f4a-8373-fd7bdd86b8cb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\7763ccd1-f254-4bf0-b239-031379256ee6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\71861715-e61b-4e33-8ec2-57c58fa4f65e.png" /></p><p>The columns of the matrix are denoted by<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\57542737-a39a-4911-bf9b-ebf1c352a7dc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then available permutation of columns stores satisfying of conditions (3) and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\0127bcdf-4089-4ac5-9ed6-4b9f0817d970.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. All such matrices (under permutations from symmetric group<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\12107390-d869-4e63-ac4d-155ef3172f1b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>) represent the isomorphic k-paths with partition<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\59050c2d-0f55-44c8-b9f5-b4fd6258d10e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>:<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\70b3df2c-3c01-47bb-a801-cc8e01764d1a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. For case (4):</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\ebec3dda-458d-48f3-9a4a-9afe4bb14cda.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>Evidently the matrices with different partitions correspond non-isomorphic k-paths. Therefore we can define the such partitions as numerical invariants, which allow one to distinguish among non-isomorphic k-paths, i.e. to classify k-paths. Now we must remark a specific property of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\174db54e-8685-45b5-b6f3-5a8b60ff479f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Here the columns are written as horizontal rows. So each <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\5c2bff44-7aaf-4b3f-bac9-ae39fa5191ae.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> can have view only of four types:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\f93c58cb-0c28-4958-877b-8584de789ee3.png" /></p><p>Roughly speaking the sequence of the same characters in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\eaa107d0-675a-4aa4-95af-832950ca40a4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> denies “gaps”, since otherwise the condition of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\324e298a-2e18-474a-ad4c-ebabb4f472d8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is not satisfied.</p><p>The specific property leads to situation, when some partitions are not represented in frame of T. For example the number of non-isomorphic k-paths classes <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\4e995caf-bfe5-43aa-a46d-a0d172222210.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\dcec15ce-c8b5-4e1d-a0de-6c5ce724d757.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\7c404532-fe4f-4aec-af0c-672222d09914.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>is equal 4, though<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\e8c4b9e4-b184-46d9-bf17-44e6d22a0891.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\ca22964a-565d-4c4f-a558-ee71a2d557aa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>:</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\54c78485-c037-4a55-867c-3c4fd526e419.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\4e972712-2ffb-4022-a171-10880168f324.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\b3ed3de4-ce3c-4015-9ec7-7fa0798922fa.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\71de8957-2380-40f6-971a-e24e47a1c089.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\c18f9b56-2cfe-44ff-a7a9-a69843c5bb27.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>At that time<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\030bd971-1542-400b-8055-50a5be7a44e8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\88076134-5281-4888-85fb-43bdfb007bf0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>:</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\e63e3010-656e-429d-b8ef-74be4647c208.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\d4968cd2-d181-4045-b41a-905481eb202a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\a40727e9-18cc-4cd5-810d-18b6acc41be5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8843455f-d691-404a-b65c-ec44ae5038ce.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\fd2a459e-56c2-457e-bfa1-2c4c50229dfb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\67a2875f-bc92-4dbf-8f07-9891628f1c03.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>So<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\ecdc487e-c61f-47cd-ac65-b97f6c598639.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>Now we consider common form of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\9b8cebd1-f099-4a11-8584-49358934d798.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> matrix <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\bf4fb41f-5271-4726-b5b9-67416366caed.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of special type (conditions (3) are satisfied):</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\01c50e3b-c7ba-4659-b970-510e6b217ac3.png" /></p><p>Number of vertical columns with “2” (VC) can lay in interval from 0 to <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\05d102c7-4cde-46cf-ac50-f2de525b61b6.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and each of them corresponds to “2-stairs” (SC) from <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\9d146359-5d9b-4b3d-9b8d-bb7d44f8d13f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> to 1, for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\88dbd54b-fd73-4630-8518-9956048ffd47.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The case <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\f20b07ab-75c5-46d6-bf25-971abf5c4f6d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> must be analyze separately. So <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\6b5032b0-2860-4858-9d6a-e917955ce88d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\39929a54-16fc-4fcf-8db3-0f324d3eb35f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and common bounds of classes number are next:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\c0df2b9d-5304-4f0d-88bc-4c6bdf1cc9e6.png" /></p><p>Now about case<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\418782bd-2754-44b4-b054-c530a783789d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Set SC columns includes such, which have <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8dc09b76-8ce2-469f-be40-960abf849713.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> character 2, i.e. coincide with one of VC-column. The number of such SC columns is equal to<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8fbba9e0-c3e6-4516-abcd-e4a66836c6ba.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Therefore:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\9fffaf07-5f56-4544-b2bf-45073f3e6e23.png" /></p><p>One can combine (6) and (7) in single result:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\19a29d89-1a08-4981-a048-4afade217517.png" /></p><p>One can give title the staircase for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\cf5bad04-b307-4ed0-acad-657b7f7c45af.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of type (5).</p><p>We considered above k-paths for antipodal (a.p.) vertices <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\66585269-c306-4350-9936-113b3a9ad801.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\fb35bbac-14eb-48f2-ae98-06ec18b896d3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Now let available two vertices in n-cube are given and hamming distance between them is equal to<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\d5c72eed-75fe-498d-9f86-00e51aeeeaa8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Then computing of matrix <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\38d86cac-2ef6-4a27-85e5-54c0f08c40ca.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for k-path is reduced to a.p. case. Therefore we delete in pares the same <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\42b6b9fc-82a8-49f1-b1b3-f9358025d8ba.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> digits. So the rest <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\fa427361-abb5-429f-8e56-acab59c92f93.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> digits correspond a.p. vertices in face-convex hull for these cut vertices. Our previous techniques may be successfully here with addition of deleted <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\293e7022-def7-40fa-9fe4-ee0a8d420ee1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> digits in columns of<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\02f765b4-d072-4ecb-a236-d3db268b12e8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Shortly speaking the sequence of steps looks like this: extraction of a.p. part in given vertices (deleting of differing in pairs digits)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\3e17ac44-adb3-4b60-81b7-af331de06122.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the choice of matrix <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\9834ca7c-4dbf-4c02-96b5-977e0e73a738.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> of type (5)<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\febad8c0-e905-41e6-bf84-bc87d61f9954.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> inserting of columns <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\3cf7577b-c4a6-4fa9-a0ee-5ce18a09afd3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> with deleted digits in<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\0869f9ac-8d1c-412c-888b-f7dc8f7da08e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>More general problem is to construct of k-path, when two a.p. vertices<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\f64c4d0e-836d-4270-bee3-98296a787cbb.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\27ea0fb1-8640-4979-b76f-2d3bef78165f.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>and k-face <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\5eaf3756-2ead-4f28-9b86-c7f325eaaf60.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are given<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8b04bf08-9fb4-42a7-ade2-704309fd0c2e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Without loss of generality let left digit of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8f3bfc21-8390-4778-898c-8a24a37a57b5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is “2”. So the first row of matrix <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\a450592c-9f49-4dd4-98af-52be54db05b3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\a846d530-9b16-4e2f-a4d3-7a640f485645.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. Algorithm consists of sequential generations<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\c59a80d7-f23a-4987-8f7f-7b19341519d3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, which follows <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\9ff28fe3-b305-4561-a2ab-997b516637ba.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in matrix<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\3c90f2b9-e32a-4a32-85bb-0f7195dc5eed.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. For case <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\eb50ef6d-a793-4b12-8464-fc6bd8eaf927.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\220f9385-735d-4823-a6ac-0fd7a3e0ef99.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> we assign <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\173597b0-edd3-455c-a7f7-7a322c464ec8.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and shift character 2 in nearest digit<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\7695c3d6-2df5-43fc-8fea-a5e9b8685311.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, for which<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\aa1a067a-6483-43fb-b8cf-3b4794f41170.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. In common case if such digit in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\96977bb4-e625-4457-ab60-c4231dfbe6a1.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is absent, the procedure is completed. Let here <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\ef4c4dc5-63c1-43a1-a78c-b4524c44cf10.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> then we assign for digits <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\7bc8363d-b9b6-41c9-90a5-2eef8d9a07d9.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> character “2” and the same characters from <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\44d5c6e4-8b51-4a8c-8bb0-c37d35513612.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\49bccb00-5f3b-4fa4-84ec-ac3c2dc0ec43.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p><p>In common case for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\96591a3f-d9be-49ca-a185-396ff4deead3.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\c52b6092-5cfa-4c86-9221-eca10237e92c.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> we produced in analogous fashion, beginning with duplicating in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\96d4095f-8c3e-46a0-9d12-8354e0cb1ccc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> the same characters of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\03dc2ec7-6cf6-4439-a273-f1c8fd29499a.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> before first meeting “2”. Then we assign “1” for next digit of <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\f11a6f5a-62a7-4196-aa42-90e24f49fdd4.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and further digits are determined in accordance with rules for<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8ea5f08f-842b-4286-92b5-13a34a6bdf74.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. One can represent the digit-wise rules as next scheme:</p><p><img src="htmlimages\15-7402056x\7a517436-8d7b-4d68-9172-1d352352e82c.png" /></p><p>One can give title of the procedure as pressing characters “2” with single inversion 0 - 1.</p><p>Examples of 2-paths in 6-cube is represented step by step below (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>).</p><p>HH-distance may be taken in account constructing some k-paths (operation 6)). So <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\2e14f7ec-fe01-4e1f-acdc-6417ac2cfe1e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> table <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\57880a8f-77c1-4b0c-86db-a1f4c2ed0746.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\94161b43-8d94-4fc8-9e0c-125afda2bb85.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\9c697f25-74b7-4cec-b859-9bfaf64ca3e5.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> (2-paths in 6-cube) is following:</p><p><inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\eca546c4-3857-4f9b-8799-ce26b099419e.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\8e3f96ad-e526-4c9f-8a6c-8c5882433abc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\80c61ed3-3afd-4ac8-a968-0661f8e6b497.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula></p><p>It follows: <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\32946a68-51fd-4844-9c98-36c03595a9bf.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>).</p><p>To remark although our exposition is short, the most of operations for cubants are realized digitwise, i.e. in parallel. It’s clearly visible, if we’ll use for computer the bitwise mapping<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\cd2a8db6-b643-44e4-816a-c44b58663a20.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\0bb0e268-b7b2-4be2-9fce-5714fc2ce5e0.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\79efc100-6167-43a9-839d-1aa862e229d7.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\d09fd590-0893-4d39-b516-4693ce5c9924.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. Conclusions</title><p>In conclusion, we give the main statement of the article.</p><p>Minimal number s of k-faces in k-path between a.p. vertices in n-cube is equal to<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\150a88de-4931-4086-8db4-7efc9c96da13.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>. The bounds for number of non-isomorphic k-path classes are<inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\1783ec5f-abd9-46d9-bc64-bfcc00995f6d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\a7fc2765-0ca5-4706-961a-0b00faf14e5b.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> are partitions integer <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\5f819e2e-0d33-4464-a9e4-82c4f95a53bc.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> in <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\a20b3cd1-4016-4092-8412-90c9e69f5d31.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> parts with constraint <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\7fd444f3-ac3b-476a-be5f-1c5dc96bdd2d.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> for maximal part. Lower bound <inline-formula><inline-graphic xlink:href="tmlimages\15-7402056x\b11baa26-04ee-40d9-a95d-ad550b10a2ae.png" xlink:type="simple"/></inline-formula> is always realized by staircase matrix.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.43793-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mollard, M. and Ramras, M. (2013) Edge Decompositions of Hypercubes by Paths and by Cycles. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.4161.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.43793-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mundici, D. (2012) Logic on the n-Cube. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1207.5717.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.43793-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Leader, I. and Long, E. 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