<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">OJPP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Open Journal of Philosophy</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2163-9434</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/ojpp.2014.41008</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">OJPP-43299</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Social Sciences&amp;Humanities</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Model Theories of Set Theories and Type Theory
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>obert</surname><given-names>Murray Jones</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sub>1</sub></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>jones@uni-duesseldorf.de</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>01</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>October</day>	<month>7th,</month>	<year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>November</day>	<month>7th,</month>	<year>2013</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>November</day>	<month>17th,</month>	<year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
   This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, we review the historical background of a system of logic devised by Henry S. Leonard to allow for reasoning using existence as a predicate. In the second part, we consider various directions in which his logic could be further developed, syntactically, semantically, and as an adjunct to quantifier elimination and set theory. In the third and final part, we develop proofs of some underlying results of his logic, using modern notation but retaining his axioms and rules of inference. 
 
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