<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JSEMAT</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2161-4881</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/jsemat.2014.41007</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JSEMAT-42459</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Chemistry&amp;Materials Science</subject><subject> Engineering</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Development of Alkylation Toluene with Methanol for Fuel on Modified ZSM-5 Zeolites by Amphoteric Surfactant
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>kila</surname><given-names>El Morsi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>A.</surname><given-names>M. A. Omar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nora</surname><given-names>Y. Almehbad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>drabdelazim123@yahoo.com, abdelazi-momar@hotmail.com(AMAO)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>01</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>May</day>	<month>6th,</month>	<year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>June</day>	<month>7th,</month>	<year>2013</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>June</day>	<month>27th,</month>	<year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
   Methylation of toluene over ZSM-5 zeolites modified by the introduction of Sr of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% by weight was studied. Experiments were performed in a fixed bed under the conditions of reaction temperatures between 300&#176;C-500&#176;C, liquid hour space velocity of 4 g toluene/h.g catalyst, methanol to toluene ratio 4:1, and 0.01% of N-Octyl-N-benzyl-N-methylglycine as emulsifier. Data for conversion of toluene and selectivity towards xylene isomers showed that 2.5% Sr/ZSM-5 catalyst has the highest conversion of toluene at 500&#176;C, and the lowest p-xylene selectivity, while 10% Sr/ZSM-5 catalyst has the highest selectivity for p-xylene production. Nevertheless, the catalyst 2.5% Sr/ZSM-5 has the highest selectivity for m-xylene. The two catalysts 2.5% and 5% Sr/ZSM-5 give nearly the same selectivity for the three xylene isomers at all conversions obtained at the reaction conditions under study. 
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Zeolite; Toluene; Methylation; Surfactances</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.42459-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Th. F. Tadros, “In Surfactant in Solution,” Plenun Press, New York, 1984, pp. 1501-1532</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D. O. Shah, “Macro- and Micro-Emulsion, Theory and Applications,” American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1985.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Drelich, A. Atia, M. Yalamanchil and J. D. Miller, “Formation and Wetting Characteristics of Adsorbed Layers of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids at a Fluorite Surface,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 178, No. 2, 1996, pp. 720-732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.0170</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. A. Mielczarskin and C. Mielczarski, “Determination of Molecular Orientation and Thickness of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Oleate on Apatite by FTIR Reflection Spectroscopy,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 99, No. 10, 1995, pp. 3206-3217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100010a035</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">P. Somasundaran, “Separation and Purification Methods,” Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1972, p.117.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">P. M. Holland and D. N. Rubingh, “Mixed Surfactant System,” American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0501</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. L. Sotelo, M. A. Vguina, J. L. Valverde and D. P. Serano, “Kinetics of Toluene Alkylation with Methanol over Magnesium-Modified ZSM-5,” Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 32, No. 11, 1993, 2548-2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00023a018</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Guisnet and P. Magnoux, “Coking and Deactivation of Zeolites: Influence of the Pore Structure,” Applied Catalysis, Vol. 54, No. 1, 1989, pp. 1-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-9834(00)82350-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">D. M. Bibby, R. F. Dowe and G. M. Mcleellan, “Coke Formation in High-Silica Zeolites,” Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 93, No. 1, 1992, pp. 1-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860X(92)80291-J</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. M. A. Omar, “Separation of Emulsifiable Oil from a Flotation Solution by Surface Tension Control,” Adsorption science &amp; Technology, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2001, pp. 91-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263617011494006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. G. T. Bhat, “Selectivity for Xylene Isomers in the Reaction of Alkylation of Toluene with Methanol on Zeolite Catalysts,” Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 75, No. 1, 1982, pp. 196-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(82)90136-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42459-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. M. Csicsery, “Acid Catalyzed Isomerization of Dialkylbenzenes,” The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 34, No. 11, 1969, pp. 3338-3342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01263a026</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>