<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2152-7385</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/am.2014.52026</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">AM-42160</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Reliable Network Design Problem under Node Failure with Benders Decomposition
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>ie</surname><given-names>Liu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wenguo</surname><given-names>Yang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jun</surname><given-names>Huang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>College of Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>School of Mathematics Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>yangwg@ucas.ac.cn(WY)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>05</volume><issue>02</issue><fpage>241</fpage><lpage>255</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>June</day>	<month>15,</month>	<year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>July</day>	<month>15,</month>	<year>2013</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>July</day>	<month>23,</month>	<year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
   The design of telecommunication network with capacity constraints of links, routers and ports of routers is considered in this paper. Specially, we limit each demand flow traversed through a pre-specified maximal number of links (called hops) under node failure scenarios in IP layer network. Such a design must be the most cost-effective and ensure that feasible flows continue to exist even when any relay node of the network fails. We propose a reliable mixed-integer programming (MIP) model with multi-scenario constraints to optimally design a minimum-cost survivable IP network that continues to support a good communication under any node failure scenario. Then we transform the MIP model into many single scenario models, that is, simplified MIPs, nonlinear programming (NLP) models and MIP models under Benders decomposition Then we transform the MIP model into many single scenario models, that is, simplified MIPs, nonlinear programming (NLP) models and MIP models under Benders decomposition. Three heuristic methods are proposed to solve these models including branch-and-bound algorithm, global algorithm for NLP, and heuristic algorithm based on benders decomposition. We mainly study the application of Benders decomposition method, where dual model and bounding procedures are given for each MIP model under Benders decomposition at each scenario. The results of our computational experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed models and algorithms. 
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Mixed-Integer Programming; Benders Decomposition; Network Design; Node Failure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>NOTES</title><disp-formula id="scirp.42160-formula98932"><graphic  xlink:href="http://html.scirp.org/file/4-7401656x1.png"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><sup>*</sup>Corresponding author.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.42160-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Minoux, “Network Synthesis and Optimum Network Design Problems: Models, Solution Methods and Applications,” Network, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1989, pp. 313-360.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Alumur and Bahar Y. Kara, “Network Hub Location Problems: The State of the Art,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 190, No. 1, 2008, pp. 1-21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Abd-El-Barr, “Topological Network Design: A Survey,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2009, pp. 501-509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2008.12.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Soni, H. Pirkul and R. Gupta, “Survivable Network Design: The State of the Art,” Information Systems Frontiers, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1999, pp. 303-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010058513558</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">H. Kerivin and A. R. Mahjoub, “Design of Survivable Networks: A Survey,” Research Report LIMOS/RR-05-04, 2005, pp. 1-21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Garg and J. C. Smith, “Models and Algorithms for the Design of Survivable Multi-Commodity Flow Networks with General Failure Scenarios,” Omega, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2008, pp. 1057-1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2006.05.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Orlowski, “Local and Global Restoration of Node and Link Failures in Telecommunication Networks,” Master’s Thesis, Fachbereich Mathematik der TU, Berlin, 2003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Desai and S. Sen, “A Global Optimization Algorithm for Reliable Network Design,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 200, No. 1, 2010, pp. 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.12.016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">T. Liu, W. G. Yang, J. X. Liao and J. Huang, “Robust Optimization for Designing Reliable Telecommunication Networks with Node Failure Scenarios,” 2010 IEEE International Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS 2010), pp. 218-221.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">C. G. Gruber, et al., “A New Model and a Computational Study for Demand-Wise Shared Protection,” Berlin-Dahlem, ZIBReport, 2005, p. 55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R. Hulsermann, et al., “Availability and Cost Based Evaluation of Demand-Wise Shared Protection,” Berlin-Dahlem, ZIBReport, 2006, p. 15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">E. Rosenberg, “Hierarchical Topological Network Design,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2005, pp. 1402-1409.http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2005.860100</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Soni, “Hop Constrained Network Design Problem with Partial Survivability,” Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 106, No. 1-4, 2001, pp. 181-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014513809519</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. Balakrishnan and K. Altinkemer, “Using a Hop-Constrained Model to Generate Alternative Communication Network Design,” ORSA Journal on Computing, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1992, pp. 192-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.4.2.192</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R. Andrade, A. Lisser, N. Maculan and G. Platfau, “Telecommunication Network Capacity Design for Uncertain Demand,” Computational Optimization and Applications, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2004, pp. 127-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:COAP.0000042027.65400.b3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">O. E. Flippo, A. W. J. Kolen, et al., “A Dynamic Programming Algorithm for the Local Access Telecommunication Network Expansion Problem,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 127, No. 1, 2000, pp. 189-202.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00340-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">M. Riis and K. A. Andersen, “Multi-Period Capacity Expansion of a Telecommunications Connection with Uncertain Demand,” Computers &amp; Operations Research, Vol. 31, No. 9, 2004, pp. 1427-1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0548(03)00098-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. Atamtürk and M. Zhang, “Two-Stage Robust Network Flow and Design under Demand Uncertainty,” Operations Research, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2007, pp. 662-673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.1070.0428</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. F. Yin, S. M. Madanat and X.-Y. Lu, “Robust Improvement Schemes for Road Networks under Demand Uncertainty,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 198, No. 2, 2009, pp. 470-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.09.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. E. Terblanche, R. Wessaly and J. M. Hattingh, “Survivable Network Design with Demand Uncertainty,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 210, No. 1, 2011, pp. 10-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2010.09.041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. L. Soyster, “Convex Programming with Set-Inclusive Constraints and Applications to Inexact Linear Programming,” Operations Research, Vol. 21, No. 5, 1973, pp. 1154-1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.21.5.1154</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">E. A. Cabral, E. Erkut, G. Laporte and R. A. Patterson, “The Network Design Problem with Relays,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 180, No. 2, 2007, pp. 834-844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.04.030</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">I. Rodríguez-Martín and J. J. Salazar-González, “Solving a Capacitated Hub Location Problem,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 184, No. 2, 2008, pp. 468-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.11.026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">I. Contreras, J. A. Díaz and E. Fernández, “Lagrangean Relaxation for the Capacitated Hub Location Problem with Single Assignment,” OR Spectrum, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2009, pp. 483-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00291-008-0159-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">I. Contreras, J. F. Cordeau and G. Laporte, “Benders Decomposition for Large-Scale Uncapacitated Hub Location,” Cirrelt, Cirrelt-2010-26, 2010, pp. 1-43.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">E. Rosenberg, “Hierarchical Topological Network Design,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2005, pp. 1402-1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2005.860100</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">I. Gódor and G. Magyar, “Cost-Optimal Topology Planning of Hierarchical Access Networks,” Computers &amp; Operations Research, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 59-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0548(03)00202-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref28"><label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">T. Thomadsen and T. Stidsen, “The Generalized Fixed-Charge Network Design Problem,” Computers &amp; Operations Research, Vol. 34, No. 4, 2007, pp. 997-1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2005.05.021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref29"><label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. F. Benders, “Partitioning Procedures for Solving Mixed Variables Programming Problems,” Numerrische Mathematik, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1962, pp. 238-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01386316</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref30"><label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">R. M. Freund, “Benders’ Decomposition Methods for Structured Optimization, including Stochastic Optimization,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref31"><label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. M. Costa, “A Survey on Benders Decomposition Applied to Fixed-Charge Network Design Problems,” Computers &amp; Operations Research, Vol. 32, No. 6, 2005, pp. 1429-1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2003.11.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref32"><label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Y. Colombani and S. Heipcke, “Multiple Models and Parallel Solving with Mosel,” Xpress Team, FICO, Leam House, Leamington Spa CV32 5YN, 2008. http://www.fico.com/xpress</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.42160-ref33"><label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">O. ?ak?r, “Benders Decomposition Applied to Multi-Commodity, Multi-Mode Distribution Planning,” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2009, pp. 8212-8217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.10.037? </mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>