<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied Mathematics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2152-7385</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/am.2013.47A003</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">AM-33977</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Solution of Some Integral Equations Involving Confluent &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;-Hypergeometric Functions
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>hahid</surname><given-names>Mubeen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sub>1</sub></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>smjhanda@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>07</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>April</day>	<month>19,</month>	<year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>May</day>	<month>20,</month>	<year>2013</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>May</day>	<month>28,</month>	<year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><html>
 <head></head>
 
  The principle aim of this research article is to investigate the properties of k-fractional integration introduced and defined by Mubeen and Habibullah [1],and secondly to solve the integral equation of the form
  <img alt="" src="Edit_86d3711a-9b29-42cd-820a-1cb3481f2f6c.bmp" />
   , for k &gt; 0, β &gt; 0, y &gt; 0, 0 &lt; x &lt; t &lt; ∞,  where 
  <img alt="" src="Edit_27b16012-e06c-40c5-99db-1318c86e0961.bmp" /> is the confluent k-hypergeometric functions, by using k-fractional integration.
 
</html></p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Linear Integral Equations; Fractional Integrals; Confluent Hypergeometric Functions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Erd&#233;lyi [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref2">2</xref>] investigated the solutions of integral equations whose kernels contain Legendre functions. Love [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref3">3</xref>] solved the integral equations involving hypergeometric functions using fractional derivatives. Using variance of fractional integration, Habibullah [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref4">4</xref>] investigated the solution of the integral equations involving confluent hypergeometric functions and Srivastava [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref5">5</xref>] discussed the equations with polynomial kernels.</p><p>Diaz et al. [6-8] have introduced k-gamma and k-beta functions and proved a number of their properties that we are interested in. They have also studied k-zeta function and k-hypergeometric function based on Pochhammer k-symbols for factorial functions. These studies were then followed by works of Mansour [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref9">9</xref>], Kokologiannaki [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref10">10</xref>], Krasniqi [11,12] and Merovci [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref13">13</xref>] elaborating and strengthening the scope of k-gamma and k-beta functions. Very recently, Mubeen and Habibullah [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref14">14</xref>] gave a simple and useful integral representations of generalized khypergeometric and confluent k-hypergeometric functions that could helpful in completing the present research paper.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Fractional Integration</title><p>Mubeen and Habibullah [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref1">1</xref>] defined a k-fractional integration as a variant of Riemann-Liouville fractional integral as</p><p><img src="3-7401503\4dcc6a64-174b-4af5-81fa-70a31eda381a.jpg" /></p><p>for<img src="3-7401503\ad5467ad-879a-46ab-afbc-38b8cf65e047.jpg" />. It reduces to the classical Riemann-Liouville fractional integral by taking <img src="3-7401503\71617def-58f0-4dc6-8bad-1e506d3d0c82.jpg" /> as</p><p><img src="3-7401503\f48f8cfb-fa97-4b5f-a44c-c8d10ae24058.jpg" />.</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. k-Hypergeometric and Confluent</title>k-Hypergeometric Differential Equations<p>The following k-hypergeometric function defined by Mubeen and Habibullah [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref14">14</xref>]</p><p><img src="3-7401503\730948c9-382c-4209-b6a1-2e43937f39a3.jpg" /></p><p>is the solution of the linear second order differential equation of the form</p><p><img src="3-7401503\c6a80db7-41f4-4e5b-bd7a-0d78a174bfa0.jpg" />.</p><p>In this article, we call it k-hypergeometric differential equation. It reduces to ordinary hypergeometric differential equation by taking<img src="3-7401503\03590172-df4a-48f0-bd16-e0f4f6615c2a.jpg" />.</p><p>And also the following confluent k-hypergeometric function defined by Mubeen and Habibullah [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref14">14</xref>]</p><p><img src="3-7401503\5eac2576-9010-4add-8443-8c676bac969b.jpg" />is the solution of the linear second order differential equation of the form</p><p><img src="3-7401503\529feaed-2854-4941-bbd6-32ede6b8fd9d.jpg" />.</p><p>In this article, we call it confluent k-hypergeometric differential equation. It reduces to ordinary hypergeometric differential equation by taking<img src="3-7401503\ece9f316-631d-4619-90dc-a6fa4ff37d82.jpg" />.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. Main Results</title><p>Theorem 4.1. If <img src="3-7401503\c9b7e935-9cad-4405-a5e1-62d0226afc86.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\4785caf5-4219-4f99-b51b-cd34ab38e4d4.jpg" /></p><p>Proof. Consider</p><p><img src="3-7401503\95545348-9310-443c-b98e-40e0364d5b7b.jpg" /></p><p>Put <img src="3-7401503\9f42a632-0fbc-4624-9598-d5b502e260d3.jpg" /> in the above equation, then we get the desired result.</p><p>Theorem 4.2. Let</p><p><img src="3-7401503\02ef7414-6a34-4d9a-ba51-4aabd545b535.jpg" /></p><p>for <img src="3-7401503\6d2bbf6d-124c-4170-bcc5-47ad1396cb1f.jpg" /></p><p>If <img src="3-7401503\dcdf8424-3174-44bb-b392-e9ffd31b6896.jpg" /> is a given function, then</p><p><img src="3-7401503\7ce82e6f-92ac-48d7-8fd7-c067ee3577f7.jpg" />.</p><p>Proof. Set</p><p><img src="3-7401503\7aa38c1d-be81-4790-8e36-ff937d6bfe54.jpg" /></p><p>where <img src="3-7401503\ff45b345-3857-4d97-b7a2-40aa4471298e.jpg" /></p><p>Apply <img src="3-7401503\ee327b77-24b3-46d9-9830-4e08299a4990.jpg" /> on both sides, we get the following</p><p><img src="3-7401503\b59cb340-9a5a-4b8e-abae-2263d6bdd19b.jpg" /></p><p>Changing the order of integration by using Fubini’s theorem.</p><p><img src="3-7401503\39da9823-f4b2-4fd3-bce3-42f83f0b60a3.jpg" /></p><p>By Theorem 4.1, we have</p><p><img src="3-7401503\065d9195-a3e6-49e1-8a6b-40638bfafb1c.jpg" /></p><p>This implies that</p><p><img src="3-7401503\b2c8d046-1d2b-4c2e-8f8f-318ff41a3fce.jpg" /></p><p>Since</p><p><img src="3-7401503\9ddedaaa-827c-44bc-9b18-f363252b5f99.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\2e6a8577-16dc-4bf3-9d9c-cd111b713186.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\9cf82767-ca10-4654-a216-8f58dbea28dd.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\5e967a98-aa76-4977-83c0-ae5fe8bd064f.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\4d69c4b6-e262-4cb1-b344-8a7145a45d87.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\8146f8f0-7c64-4a9b-af44-91d9ce0e19c6.jpg" /></p><p>This may be written as</p><p><img src="3-7401503\04fa63de-73e6-4be8-86cf-385ff14fc380.jpg" /></p><p>Since<img src="3-7401503\86779560-8a49-466f-8100-4a074476a74c.jpg" />, we obtain</p><p><img src="3-7401503\b1895ab7-8a9a-418b-8690-5fc9e67bb55e.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\0f8dd270-c94f-416b-922e-215a6cb65ec6.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\d8911c56-a667-4e78-895d-d4b9c43e38af.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\0e52cb77-53ab-4e36-9620-b3108a27c7df.jpg" /></p><p><img src="3-7401503\5c97ca90-9ea4-4119-a531-aee6c6a7e7e3.jpg" /></p><p>This is the solution of the integral equation, if it exists.</p><p>This integral equation implies that</p><p><img src="3-7401503\ac75cf75-96f2-4b48-847a-dfeecd7a4042.jpg" /></p><p>Now, we find a solution of another integral equation</p><p><img src="3-7401503\df7d3d9e-ec62-4ec7-9212-b958b3c79e45.jpg" /></p><p>for <img src="3-7401503\90f30575-821e-41bd-b77f-9cf384ad675d.jpg" /></p><p>Theorem 4.3. Let</p><p><img src="3-7401503\8f189aea-b184-447b-91b0-c82218c64089.jpg" /></p><p>for <img src="3-7401503\aa3b2f29-b776-45a1-a2ad-c3b3c059f1d4.jpg" /></p><p>If <img src="3-7401503\dc88d0b6-41c9-44b4-b139-af4377775f37.jpg" /> is a given function, then</p><p><img src="3-7401503\a5e2d6e9-5c7d-4577-bd6d-d3f77da66355.jpg" /></p><p>Proof. Consider</p><p><img src="3-7401503\95c7ce43-8bdf-4ab8-8c00-0954b774d82a.jpg" /></p><p>Using the Mubeen’s relation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.33977-ref15">15</xref>]</p><p><img src="3-7401503\6ce8cf1b-0711-46aa-bbb4-247fdbde621a.jpg" /></p><p>we obtain the following</p><p><img src="3-7401503\d896fd9c-d721-45ba-bea9-ab13f9c293f9.jpg" /></p><p>Thus, if <img src="3-7401503\b69a0b09-55ac-46d2-b9cd-b373ad2ec9b2.jpg" /> then</p><p><img src="3-7401503\bd96789b-819a-446b-97e5-4c865967c14a.jpg" /></p><p>Also, we have the following result</p><p><img src="3-7401503\8db53e7f-ec86-4ba1-badd-68a2b0bf488b.jpg" /></p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>5. Acknowledgements</title><p>The author would like to express profound gratitude to referees for deeper review of this paper and their valuable advice and the referee’s useful suggestions that led to an improved presentation of the paper. The author is also pleased to pay special thanks to Dr. Atiq ur Rehman for his support in this research.</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>REFERENCES</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.33977-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">S. Mubeen and G. M. Habibullah, “k-Fractional Integrals and Application,” International Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2012, pp. 89-94.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="scirp.33977-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. 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