<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ENG</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Engineering</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1947-3931</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/eng.2013.55A008</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ENG-31862</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Engineering</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  I-Pre-Cauchy Double Sequences and Orlicz Functions
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>akeel</surname><given-names>A. Khan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nazneen</surname><given-names>Khan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ayhan</surname><given-names>Esi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sabiha</surname><given-names>Tabassum</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, Science and Art Faculty, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Mathematics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Applied Mathematics, Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology, 
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>vakhanmaths@gmail.com(AAK)</email>;<email>nazneen4maths@gmail.com(NK)</email>;<email>aesi23@hotmail.com(AE)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>05</volume><issue>05</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>March</day>	<month>1,</month>	<year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>April</day>	<month>3,</month>	<year>2013</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>April</day>	<month>12,</month>	<year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><html>
 <head></head>
 
  Let <img alt="" src="Edit_594eff50-128d-489b-8f35-f1cf7e712bfd.bmp" /> be a double sequence and let M be a bounded Orlicz function. We prove that 
  x
   is I-pre-Cauchy if and only if 
   <img alt="" src="Edit_898113af-a125-4a9d-ada5-85d9723b7cc9.bmp" />
  This implies a theorem due to Connor,
   
  Fridy and Klin [1],
   
  and Vakeel
   
  A.
   
  Khan and Q.
   
  M.
   
  Danish Lohani
   
  [2]
 
</html></p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Ideal; Filter; Paranorm; I-Convergent; Invariant Mean; Monotone and Solid Space</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>The concept of statistical convergence was first defined by Steinhaus [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref3">3</xref>] at a conference held at Wroclaw University, Poland in 1949 and also independently by Fast [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref4">4</xref>], Buck [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref5">5</xref>] and Schoenberg [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref6">6</xref>] for real and complex sequences. Further this concept was studied by Salat [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref7">7</xref>], Fridy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref8">8</xref>], Connor [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref9">9</xref>] and many others. Statistical convergence is a generalization of the usual notation of convergence that parallels the usual theory of convergence.</p><p>A sequence <img src="8-8101930\a2a6580d-5d9d-47f0-b507-913198c5e468.jpg" /> is said to be statistically convergent to <img src="8-8101930\b590b2df-46db-4c26-b0c2-f9ed7d321648.jpg" /> if for a given <img src="8-8101930\8223ba55-41b0-408e-9572-3e237f07f867.jpg" /></p><p><img src="8-8101930\55edd644-78ad-4802-93a7-6fd868751b70.jpg" /></p><p>A sequence <img src="8-8101930\4d32ec5c-b5f2-4727-9a3a-84533ad77aa9.jpg" /> is said to be statistically precauchy if</p><p><img src="8-8101930\7ab420c0-d281-462c-979f-8022b77bbd05.jpg" /></p><p>Connor, Fridy and Klin [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref1">1</xref>] proved that statistically convergent sequences are statistically pre-cauchy and any bounded statistically pre-cauchy sequence with a nowhere dense set of limit points is statistically convergent. They also gave an example showing statistically pre-cauchy sequences are not necessarily statistically convergent (see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref10">10</xref>]).</p><p>Throughout a double sequence is denoted by <img src="8-8101930\30013634-9733-497e-aaec-b3883b018401.jpg" /> A double sequence is a double infinite array of elements <img src="8-8101930\7ca68614-3105-48b0-8e14-b76237e30fbc.jpg" /> for all <img src="8-8101930\ebc3f45e-f3d5-4a50-b05b-c88efdc0325d.jpg" /></p><p>The initial works on double sequences is found in Bromwich [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref11">11</xref>], Tripathy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref12">12</xref>], Basarir and Solancan [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref13">13</xref>] and many others.</p><p>Definition 1.1. A double sequence <img src="8-8101930\2b0856bb-1f56-41b6-8f75-806028a1d3a8.jpg" /> is called statistically convergent to <img src="8-8101930\1e9cdbf6-6543-4e1c-a8a2-e23c081bf1d9.jpg" /> if</p><p><img src="8-8101930\d47e5174-1143-4acd-991b-429ebb422aca.jpg" /></p><p>where the vertical bars indicate the number of elements in the set.</p><p>Definition 1.2. A double sequence <img src="8-8101930\18f5c202-a256-4dcc-b9a2-0fef0e34e6d5.jpg" /> is called statistically pre-cauchy if for every <img src="8-8101930\06dd2f57-b3c5-4b4e-825b-d7de85a83043.jpg" /> there exist <img src="8-8101930\05306764-1d6e-4d16-8b30-57de3eaffebf.jpg" /> and <img src="8-8101930\d4a1bc14-8da2-42d4-a956-3e6c85b76a65.jpg" /> such that</p><p><img src="8-8101930\b65a52ae-7695-40c3-88cf-a360cd579c74.jpg" /></p><p>Definition 1.3. An Orlicz Function is a function <img src="8-8101930\00c1a039-c91d-4fdc-8053-f82ab4871fdf.jpg" /> which is continuous, nondecreasing and convex with <img src="8-8101930\a90e1e27-eb24-46c4-a1de-3d62bfd72e0d.jpg" /> for <img src="8-8101930\8578ddb4-f4cc-4bc1-9080-02be829846c6.jpg" /> and<img src="8-8101930\d3c098a5-86eb-4fa2-a332-d70debab22f6.jpg" />, as<img src="8-8101930\e4f59a63-2daa-48f9-9a38-4234b199a75a.jpg" />.</p><p>If convexity of <img src="8-8101930\37aeeb28-0f96-45df-a63d-c391236d2188.jpg" /> is replaced by <img src="8-8101930\41377cc8-f3d2-4670-b135-cfe25d08752c.jpg" />, then it is called a Modulus function (see Maddox [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref14">14</xref>]). An Orlicz function may be bounded or unbounded. For example,</p><p><img src="8-8101930\f56317f2-9944-4d12-af6d-e394712ec4b9.jpg" />is unbounded and <img src="8-8101930\0b7e1012-dd81-4870-bf82-c5c442fe3a2a.jpg" /></p><p>is bounded (see Maddox [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref14">14</xref>]).</p><p>Lindenstrauss and Tzafriri [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref15">15</xref>] used the idea of Orlicz functions to construct the sequence space,</p><p><img src="8-8101930\0a6a5ccf-f335-42d3-a443-fb0f29a95822.jpg" /></p><p>The space <img src="8-8101930\6b930e7c-7223-46c6-b85e-596b28ec2d10.jpg" /> is a Banach space with the norm</p><p><img src="8-8101930\a868fbc9-3bed-40d7-8d1a-cae7fc1070fd.jpg" /></p><p>The space <img src="8-8101930\da069969-d902-44d8-aac1-46738634f015.jpg" /> is closely related to the space <img src="8-8101930\e0db0ab9-24a2-4ef3-af80-982896b848df.jpg" /> which is an Orlicz sequence space with <img src="8-8101930\c2610193-8f19-4220-9982-8300c0ef892c.jpg" /> for<img src="8-8101930\4383b580-4d82-4f81-9afd-cbcdda767321.jpg" />.</p><p>An Orlicz function M is said to satisfy <img src="8-8101930\26096a68-ec33-45d1-b74d-9c57dc8891e0.jpg" /> condition for all values of <img src="8-8101930\68ea6ed3-dea6-4aef-84b4-55af0d163ce8.jpg" /> if there exists a constant <img src="8-8101930\cc51b1e9-ad60-4dbf-9be0-c18955fb611b.jpg" /> such that <img src="8-8101930\c473af7e-7b66-4355-b925-90ac450d8d46.jpg" /> for all values of <img src="8-8101930\3f7ecd40-fc52-4c77-baa9-3c4d668fc61a.jpg" /></p><p>The study of Orlicz sequence spaces have been made recently by various authors [1,2,16-20]).</p><p>In [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref1">1</xref>], Connor,Fridy and Klin proved that a bounded sequence <img src="8-8101930\dfa2127f-4ffe-4f90-b904-86a565023697.jpg" /> is statistically pre-cauchy if and only if</p><p><img src="8-8101930\bf3ca5e1-9b4f-4aec-b523-dd075a8771f3.jpg" /></p><p>The notion of I-convergence is a generalization of statistical convergence. At the initial stage it was studied by Kostyrko, Salat, Wilezynski [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref21">21</xref>]. Later on it was studied by Salat, Tripathy, Ziman [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref22">22</xref>] and Demirci [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref23">23</xref>], Tripathy and Hazarika [24-26]. Here we give some preliminaries about the notion of I-convergence.</p><p>Definition 1.4. [20,27] Let X be a non empty set. Then a family of sets <img src="8-8101930\fb3c562c-025c-4c37-9fdf-531c33e74c7b.jpg" />(<img src="8-8101930\722796a1-4e7f-4e9b-aca8-4f5cb1ed09b3.jpg" />denoting the power set of X) is said to be an ideal in X if</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31862-formula147191"><label>(i)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-8101930\d9085015-6033-4687-b6dc-a85bc13d47cb.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>(ii) I is additive i.e<img src="8-8101930\e0d50b1c-2a96-4470-9bdd-e18a147b6c5e.jpg" />.</p><p>(iii) I is hereditary i.e<img src="8-8101930\9cce4994-ee20-4a2c-b1fd-2c07120f2e3e.jpg" />.</p><p>An Ideal <img src="8-8101930\8b8691a3-2fde-41c4-b248-b980cf7f69f4.jpg" /> is called non-trivial if<img src="8-8101930\820d4841-12ec-4fd3-aeb0-119da2c9a8d8.jpg" />. A non-trivial ideal<img src="8-8101930\4c3860f7-d2f1-4592-9966-183d86ada928.jpg" /> is called admissible if <img src="8-8101930\9ebb4855-7842-42e6-bfe3-186848de98f1.jpg" />.</p><p>A non-trivial ideal I is maximal if there cannot exist any non-trivial ideal <img src="8-8101930\7afb5ea0-39e6-4288-8677-d6dc38393757.jpg" /> containing I as a subset.</p><p>For each ideal I, there is a filter <img src="8-8101930\48f19d77-b8c5-4cfc-9d45-b0667a29e361.jpg" /> corresponding to I. i.e.</p><p><img src="8-8101930\79b4fc71-8cc5-4ffd-a5e6-7879dcb5fd9d.jpg" /></p><p>Definition 1.5. [10,21,28] A double sequence <img src="8-8101930\4ce0c66c-7555-445e-a7e2-174e1ac3833c.jpg" /> is said to be I-convergent to a number L if for every<img src="8-8101930\23ae3910-e897-4a3e-ad76-fd3fbc0bf8ee.jpg" />,</p><p><img src="8-8101930\d1eeee8b-0259-43c2-98e9-35f04f84881a.jpg" /></p><p>In this case we write <img src="8-8101930\c7aaae83-88e9-459c-a28f-847cab1452f7.jpg" /></p><p>Definition 1.6. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref21">21</xref>] A non-empty family of sets <img src="8-8101930\2f9eba10-baa0-4dd6-b70d-51a6c1d21461.jpg" /> is said to be filter on X if and only if</p><p>(i)<img src="8-8101930\02f01615-1377-4604-bf92-a95e409dbe7f.jpg" />(ii) For <img src="8-8101930\aa4df9af-7817-4004-9fe8-8f5764ee4c01.jpg" /><img src="8-8101930\e170a766-7f7d-4ea5-a3f6-ed488c7d01df.jpg" /> we have <img src="8-8101930\cafd0a98-4467-46fb-8aa2-9520622d0f91.jpg" /></p><p>(iii) For each <img src="8-8101930\c866283f-ea97-4034-b6f3-7272eccc12b3.jpg" />and <img src="8-8101930\a5be445f-20d5-4445-91a1-2bdff7c88b36.jpg" /> implies<img src="8-8101930\3c695f85-2d1a-4c24-88a8-12c8812b4282.jpg" />.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Main Results</title><p>In this article we establish the criterion for any arbitrary double sequence to be I-pre-cauchy.</p><p>Theorem 2.1. Let <img src="8-8101930\a5fc0d5c-9455-4fd9-ae58-afc6a1e909d6.jpg" /> be a double sequence and let M be a bounded Orlicz function then <img src="8-8101930\5e5857eb-1748-4e46-a945-8330c357f4c3.jpg" /> is I-preCauchy if and only if</p><p><img src="8-8101930\d3c6fa15-a02a-4d94-9280-43811a5cd063.jpg" /></p><p>Proof: Suppose that</p><p><img src="8-8101930\d1ebef0e-d930-4ab0-a7cb-1a05ca5d7a39.jpg" /></p><p>For each <img src="8-8101930\372cca8b-df68-4997-8633-0a0a9c47ca1b.jpg" />and <img src="8-8101930\37fd70f7-c002-4171-a60d-fa02007ffec9.jpg" /> we have that</p><p><img src="8-8101930\db19bd2c-c171-47ea-920a-7a808045d461.jpg" /></p><p>(1)</p><p><img src="8-8101930\1b6bffac-2afc-41e0-91a5-ab30c5e6084e.jpg" /></p><p>(2)</p><p><img src="8-8101930\a93f4193-139a-4935-825d-1de4e1fdabfe.jpg" /></p><p>Now by (1) and (2) we have</p><p><img src="8-8101930\d0b7d18f-a874-478d-8506-256660491cd1.jpg" /></p><p>thus <img src="8-8101930\6b827ec4-4480-45f2-b215-2682721bed2d.jpg" /> is I-pre-Cauchy.</p><p>Now conversely suppose that <img src="8-8101930\941908f8-2fff-4873-8a55-580c215ac98b.jpg" /> is I-pre-Cauchy, and that <img src="8-8101930\bf6b922c-cf8f-421d-96d6-73fd49ca7686.jpg" /> has been given.</p><p>Then we have</p><p><img src="8-8101930\d5d02a87-cdf4-4624-a234-706ca2650f26.jpg" /></p><p>where,</p><p><img src="8-8101930\f0d09f2e-4da6-4325-949c-5c2a2e395a3a.jpg" /></p><p>Let <img src="8-8101930\5ab2fe20-cfd3-453e-9e92-5076a3fcedec.jpg" /> be such that <img src="8-8101930\6ab8b899-4211-4e41-a124-38b544461e2b.jpg" /> Since M is a bounded Orlicz function there exists an integer B such that <img src="8-8101930\fd8c64f5-3c8b-458a-a3fb-e27739eed356.jpg" /> for all<img src="8-8101930\1d332131-b5b7-48fa-831e-7b75169389b2.jpg" />. Therefore, for each</p><p><img src="8-8101930\58cc0cc6-5b7f-41ed-be32-a3a88839aaac.jpg" /></p><p><img src="8-8101930\e7e34bdc-85a5-498b-a4ed-2b21bb89da53.jpg" /></p><p>(3)</p><p>Since <img src="8-8101930\57943c6f-7036-4792-87d6-0a955fafc966.jpg" /> is I-pre-Cauchy, there is an <img src="8-8101930\e41cb308-f665-49be-95ec-4bfb71e7b3f0.jpg" /> such that the right hand side of (3) is less than <img src="8-8101930\59b955cf-40fa-4c86-9f50-aebdab776a7c.jpg" /> for all<img src="8-8101930\505137cc-aec3-4d61-b6e8-6d1e91f0d9fc.jpg" />. Hence</p><p><img src="8-8101930\eb22b382-39c8-452a-ab0b-3bd19db51ec0.jpg" /></p><p>Theorem 2.2. Let <img src="8-8101930\f830e9b1-93d4-44f7-8d4a-a92cce96ce96.jpg" /> be a double sequence and let M be a bounded Orlicz function then x is I-convergent to L if and only if</p><p><img src="8-8101930\9ea38fa5-7699-4ce9-bb73-203bb8ad8b11.jpg" /></p><p>Proof: Suppose that</p><p><img src="8-8101930\d1ad23d4-9277-4f02-a225-3e181619f134.jpg" /></p><p>with an Orlicz function M, then <img src="8-8101930\f5815724-2915-42ef-9b48-70d3c671c270.jpg" /> is I-convergent to L (See [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31862-ref1">1</xref>])</p><p>Conversely suppose that <img src="8-8101930\f0a68e07-881d-48b5-aade-3a600b9b0194.jpg" /> is I-convergent to L. We can prove this in similar manner as in Theorem 2.1 assuming that</p><p><img src="8-8101930\bda85076-4ee3-4122-bbb5-4e4b0668c206.jpg" /></p><p>and M being a bounded Orlicz function.</p><p>Corollary 2.3. A sequence <img src="8-8101930\7ec1815d-99e7-445c-9747-a42fc6ccaf59.jpg" /> is I-convergent if and only if</p><p><img src="8-8101930\417a0c24-ec6e-46ff-bfd4-5c0c200adad5.jpg" /></p><p>Proof: Let <img src="8-8101930\af9e7147-8aa1-4751-abcd-a183899721d6.jpg" /> Then</p><p><img src="8-8101930\b8fa0f6b-b075-4a5d-9d79-7628280c2b22.jpg" /></p><p>Let</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31862-formula147192"><label>(4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-8101930\e68c494e-1c07-4de0-81f7-12d95455bcd0.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>and</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31862-formula147193"><label>(5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-8101930\842d106b-a13b-4dda-bc40-44d88ebac94c.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Therefore from (4) and (5) we have,</p><p><img src="8-8101930\cf0c6551-f18b-4938-b0cf-cd7f9e17636d.jpg" /></p><p>Hence</p><p><img src="8-8101930\5d1af519-0465-4ff5-9e9d-844174ca5956.jpg" /></p><p>if and only if</p><p><img src="8-8101930\7ad39bea-bec9-411b-8f09-c6e78e120588.jpg" /></p><p>By an immediate application of Theorem 2.1 we get the desired result.</p><p>Corollary 2.4. A sequence <img src="8-8101930\590c3023-3b91-4194-ae0c-31f9cbb4535e.jpg" /> is I-convergent to L if and only if</p><p><img src="8-8101930\2d85069e-bbea-4959-b075-e6f0421889c7.jpg" /></p><p>Proof: Let <img src="8-8101930\cfe3b4f4-4b84-40c3-8dc0-011e7a053855.jpg" /></p><p>We can prove this in the similar manner as in the proof of Corollary 2.3.</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Acknowledgements</title><p>The authors would like to record their gratitude to the reviewer for his careful reading and making some useful corrections which improved the presentation of the paper.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>REFERENCES</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.31862-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">J. Connor, J. A. Fridy and J. 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