<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JMP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Modern Physics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2153-1196</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/jmp.2013.45086</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JMP-31596</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Physics&amp;Mathematics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  Dynamics of Entanglement in the Cavity with Nonlinear Medium
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>haojiang</surname><given-names>Du</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hairan</surname><given-names>Feng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Physics and Information Engineering Department, Jining University, Qufu, China</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>dsjsd@126.com(HD)</email>;<email>hairanfeng@mail.sdu.edu.cn(HF)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>04</volume><issue>05</issue><fpage>604</fpage><lpage>607</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>February</day>	<month>21,</month>	<year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>March</day>	<month>25,</month>	<year>2013</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>April</day>	<month>23,</month>	<year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
   We investigate the evolution of initial entangled two-atom in cavity with single-mode light field. Using the method of negative eigenvalue of partially transposed matrix we analysis the evolution of the entanglement of the two-atom in a field of number state and Kerr-media environment and find that entanglement sudden death phenomenon occurs in the number of particles field. When the atoms interact with the Kerr medium, we obtain that the phenomenon of sudden death can be eliminated in the particle-number field, and the entanglement of two-atom oscillates around a high-value. 
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Quantum Optics; Kerr Medium; Negativity; Entanglement Sudden Death</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Quantum information science, which mainly includes quantum computer and quantum communication, has increasingly evolved as a new object. In the past few years, quantum information has made a surprise progress both in theoretical and experimental fields. It has created many miracles, such as absolute secure quantum key, quantum dense coding, quantum teleportation, and so on. Recently the theory of quantum information has been widely used to every branch of physics, which has acelerated the development of information science and technology. Jaynes-Cummings mode (J-C mode) and Tavis-Cummings model (T-C mode) could in deal the quantum optics and quantum information problems effectively. In special condition, they have analytic solutions, so they have theoretical and real meanings, and have been afforded more and more attention. Now the study of quantum entanglement becomes more important, such as the quantum teleportation due to quantum entanglement, which acts as quantum channel to join different space sites [1-5]. Yu and Eberly [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31596-ref6">6</xref>] found Entanglement Sudden Death, it made widely concern about the theory [7,8] and experiment [9-11]. In this letter we analysis the two-atom entanglement characteristics in Numerical1 state field and Kerr-media environment.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. Model and Method</title><sec id="s2_1"><title>2.1. Theoretical Model</title><p>One of the initial entangled two-atom interact with a cavity in the single-mode light field. We can use the J-C mode to describe the action of atom and light field. The Hamiltonian of this system can be described as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31596-formula140141"><label>(1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-10156\64621a70-6d3a-4b5b-b0b5-7caacb98171e.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Here <img src="8-10156\e1e60b35-e267-42c5-b498-d570ea7a5337.jpg" /> is essential transition frequency of atom and <img src="8-10156\dc5a0c6d-b99e-45f3-b350-e4d28dccb596.jpg" /> is the frequency of light field; g is coupling constant of atom and light field. <img src="8-10156\e8e86055-763b-48fe-beab-2f4a5fc0a51e.jpg" />is spin operator of atom that<img src="8-10156\92280433-3711-42d9-8422-7307c2182fb3.jpg" />,</p><p><img src="8-10156\3c076c01-57f7-4121-ad01-4a6afb158d83.jpg" />, <img src="8-10156\09b05bf8-cd0d-4cc2-ba85-13807be55a30.jpg" />and</p><p><img src="8-10156\cfdfaede-2681-4bb1-aab3-ba25d32ad323.jpg" />, which <img src="8-10156\0aff72f5-128f-47f0-912a-37c6483fe574.jpg" /> is excited state and base state of atom.</p><p>In this letter we discussed the entanglement state of two-atom. The initial state can be written as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31596-formula140142"><label>(2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-10156\6723ed22-f187-4358-a79a-f6c3a6c0a3de.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>At any time in the interaction picture, the state of system is depicted as</p><p><img src="8-10156\c59a076e-eafe-4c8e-9df2-f2035fc185c9.jpg" /></p><p>In the interaction picture, the Schr&#246;dinger equation of system is</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31596-formula140143"><label>(3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-10156\5c13d46b-f704-4003-9720-7ff1cc8bd3e0.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Using the initial condition we can get</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31596-formula140144"><label>(4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-10156\07f3fab4-253a-4aef-917e-6f928f90bb84.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s2_2"><title>2.2. Calculation</title><p>We analysis the two-atom entanglements characteristics in a vacuum field by using the partially transposed matrix of negative Eigen values (negativity) method [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31596-ref12">12</xref>]. It is defined as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31596-formula140145"><label>(5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-10156\e4e7902c-8460-46c6-bb97-1c2abf4a0f7a.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Which <img src="8-10156\2ad926be-f792-4f57-9771-31cf9d975afe.jpg" /> is negative Eigen values of the partially transposed matrix<img src="8-10156\0992e06d-6f4d-41aa-bed1-d4dbcf1a3956.jpg" />, and<img src="8-10156\eb248eaf-d839-44ef-9460-7bd542553ff3.jpg" />. By this calculation method we get the result as follows.</p><p><img src="8-10156\a1f32510-d451-4107-90df-1d393b9c2d22.jpg" /></p><p>(6)</p><p>The evolution of entanglement degree of the system is described as <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>.</p></sec><sec id="s2_3"><title>2.3. The Effect of Kerr Medium</title><p>When the cavity with single-mode numerical light field fills with Kerr medium, the Hamiltonian of the system can be written as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31596-formula140146"><label>(5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-10156\4628bdbc-6587-4dab-83ef-5cb5bb83cd8c.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>which <img src="8-10156\98937fd7-2344-4308-a14b-255d49d09c92.jpg" /> describes the strength of interaction between Kerr medium and light field.</p><p>As the initial state is</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31596-formula140147"><label>(6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-10156\efc45f51-ab1d-4019-9182-787cef56c543.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>At any time in the interaction picture, the state of system is depicted as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31596-formula140148"><label>(7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-10156\34b8e437-68fc-4388-a178-6c123767b189.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s2_4"><title>2.4. Calculation and Discussion</title><p>The two-atom entanglement characteristics in a vacuum field, using the partially transposed matrix of negative eigenvalues (negativity) method [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31596-ref12">12</xref>], it is defined as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31596-formula140149"><label>(8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="8-10156\55046c77-9b15-43a2-b7ff-9e1c8339b36d.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The evolution of entanglement degree is described as Figures 1 and 2.</p><p>According to the picture we can see that the entanglement degree of the two-atom declines seriously in the number of particles field; sometimes sudden death of entanglement occurs (as it is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>). The regions of entanglement sudden death increase by the increasing particle number. The reason is that the action between atom and light field destroys the entanglement of the atoms. For the further study, we find that Kerr medium can erase the phenomenon of sudden death entanglement in numerical light field when two entangled atoms enter-act in the environment of Kerr medium and single-mode numerical light field (as it is shown in Fig-</p><p>ure 2). Further more, it can make the entangled atoms keep high entanglement degree, and can make the evolution of them near the maximal entanglement regions.</p></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Conclusion</title><p>From the above discussion, we find that the entanglement degree decreases seriously when the entangled atoms are in the number of particles field. Sometimes entanglement sudden death phenomenon occurs. Especially we obtain that the phenomenon of entanglement sudden death can be eliminated in the particle-number field, and the entanglement of two-atom oscillates around a high-value state under a certain condition when the light field is filled with the Kerr medium. It means that Kerr medium could change the regions of disentanglement and could improve entanglement degree.</p></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. Acknowledgements</title><p>Thanks for the discussion with Doctor Zhang Yingjie and associate professor Han feng. Otherwise this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10774088, 10947006) of Doctor Yunjie Xia and Zhongxiao Man.</p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>REFERENCES</title></sec><sec id="s6"><title>NOTES</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.31596-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">T. Pellizzari, S. Cardiner, J. Cirac, et al., Physical Review Letters, Vol. 75, 1995, pp. 3788-3791.  
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