<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd"><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CN</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Communications and Network</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1949-2421</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/cn.2013.52014</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CN-31168</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Computer Science&amp;Communications</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>
 
 
  A Cooperative Diversity Analysis of Two User Mobile Communication System with Maximal Ratio Combining
 
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>ateeshkrishna</surname><given-names>Dhuli</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>V.</surname><given-names>V. Mani</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:<email>dvskrishna.nitw@gmail.com(AD)</email>;</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>05</volume><issue>02</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>August</day>	<month>11,</month>	<year>2012</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>September</day>	<month>11,</month>	<year>2012</year>	</date><date date-type="accepted"><day>October</day>	<month>11,</month>	<year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#169; Copyright  2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>
 
 
   Cooperative communication is going to play a vital role in the next generation wireless networks. In this paper we derive the expression for symbol error probability (SEP) of a two-user cooperative diversity system, where two users cooperate through the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation in a flat Rayleigh fading environment. We compare the computational results obtained by the SEP expression with the simulation results using maximal-ratio combining (MRC), equal-gain combining (EGC) and selection combining (SC) techniques. Numerical results show the performance of a cooperative diversity system with maximal-ratio combining is giving better results compared to SC and EGC techniques. 
 
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Symbol Error Probability (SEP); Maximal-Ratio Combining (MRC); Equal-Gain Combining (EGC);  Selection Combining (SC); Decode-and-Forward (DF) Relaying</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>1. Introduction</title><p>Cooperative diversity is a new form of spatial diversity where diversity is achieved through the cooperation between users presented in the network. The key idea behind this technology is sharing the power, computation and antenna resources of the neighboring users in the network. It is also going to be a promising alternative to combat the multipath fading and to provide the reliable communication [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31168-ref1">1</xref>]. An analytical study about the user cooperation is first discussed in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31168-ref2">2</xref>]. The amplify-andforward (AF), decode-and-forward (DF) and coded cooperation methods are discussed in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31168-ref3">3</xref>]. In [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31168-ref4">4</xref>], SEP is derived for a two-user cooperative diversity system. In [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31168-ref5">5</xref>], some new closed form expressions are derived in a flat Rayleigh fading environment. In this paper we consider a fundamental cooperative diversity system, where two users cooperating through the DF relaying with BPSK modulation in a flat Rayleigh fading environment. The rest of the paper has been organized as follows. In Section 2, system model of a fundamental cooperative diversity system is discussed and mathematical expressions are given. In Section 3 different combining techniques are discussed. In Section 4 we derived the SEP expression for a two-user cooperative diversity system. Simulation results are presented in Section 5. In Section 6 we have given the conclusions.</p></sec><sec id="s2"><title>2. System Model</title><p>We consider a cooperative diversity system with two users and a single destination. Let us assume user 1 acts as a source and user 2 relays the data received from user 1 to the destination. In time frame 1, user 1 transmits the data <img src="4-6101249\1fea87f1-1164-48d8-a0fc-cda5a980bad6.jpg" /> to the destination directly as well as to the user 2. In time frame 2, user 2 decodes the data <img src="4-6101249\53944cc8-a1c0-4f4f-a437-2b13e58dd186.jpg" /> and forwards as <img src="4-6101249\e646b681-3d8e-4f65-9a23-2eb9ae717873.jpg" /> to the destination as shown in the <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>.</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97538"><label>(1)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\ac9f5672-001c-442f-8315-695cf09a8164.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97539"><label>(2)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\d4832b18-bd80-4d19-80da-8ec11d6188f6.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97540"><label>(3)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\e1743937-9c10-49cc-943e-021ba818ed3e.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><img src="4-6101249\107cd12c-8c0b-47f4-b155-5c80260ca779.jpg" />are the received complex baseband signals at the destination and user 2 respectively in time frame 1. <img src="4-6101249\8fe33807-506b-46e9-a858-187a32dfe4a0.jpg" />is the complex baseband signal at the destination in time frame 2. <img src="4-6101249\963e7108-4a5e-4915-974d-77b681cd85ba.jpg" />are complex fading gains from user 1 to destination and from user 1 to user 2 respectively. <img src="4-6101249\266f7b9c-d74d-405c-bc3d-d3904bb97c04.jpg" />is the complex fading gain from user 2 to destination. <img src="4-6101249\6d3ef9e5-5cb3-4bec-afdf-aacd93bc98d4.jpg" />is the transmitted BPSK symbol of user 1 having energy</p><p><img src="4-6101249\22004eac-022e-4e59-bd0b-38ad837e6db0.jpg" />, <img src="4-6101249\30c4825f-fee8-4d29-9b09-34a9b0200bbb.jpg" />and <img src="4-6101249\7e40253e-0a0f-4d7f-b33d-489ce5271721.jpg" /> are the addi-</p><p>tive white Gaussian noises from user 1 to destination and from user 1 to user 2 respectively. <img src="4-6101249\ff16f774-64d2-4ae5-acb2-fa5e0b6e1a77.jpg" />is the additive white Gaussian noise from user 2 to destination. <img src="4-6101249\c921cbf1-1b8d-4795-b7bb-111b3579ecfc.jpg" /> are the independent zero-mean complex circular Gaussian random variables having variances. <img src="4-6101249\55dd8c56-c0b0-4beb-b69b-eeb582987057.jpg" /> respectively and are independent of the additive noises. <img src="4-6101249\7e94f956-6d71-4b53-911d-d31babb257a8.jpg" />are independent and identically distributed zero-mean complex circular Gaussian random variables with variance<img src="4-6101249\61b3850b-1bb5-422b-9e14-a972c8ca6e1b.jpg" />, i.e. having a <img src="4-6101249\3e751e6e-f390-4d6c-8fb2-af519dfa609e.jpg" /> distribution.</p></sec><sec id="s3"><title>3. Combining Techniques</title><sec id="s3_1"><title>3.1. Selection Combining</title><p>In the cooperation mode the data is sent by the user 1 is decoded as <img src="4-6101249\db906d2c-d557-4c75-9934-ef4decd57e4b.jpg" /> at user 2, which can be expressed as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97541"><label>(4)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\13129af5-91be-4cf6-aad2-24379432de00.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>In the non cooperation mode, the data received directly from user 1 at the destination. The decoded symbol obtained by the coherent detection is<img src="4-6101249\4780378a-f6e1-442e-88cf-fb8098e44eb3.jpg" />, which can be expressed as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97542"><label>(5)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\55e23a3a-5ff6-4323-8ee5-f413752667af.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><img src="4-6101249\86d0fabe-5939-46ee-8fb6-8497f0905921.jpg" />denotes the signum function. Let <img src="4-6101249\af1bda88-e015-45a4-9954-b8de6abdf2ea.jpg" /> denotes the final decoded symbol at the destination using SC is given by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97543"><label>(6)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\0adf2968-609a-45a9-8981-44fcc6316800.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s3_2"><title>3.2. Equal-Gain Combining</title><p>In this technique signals received at the destination are multiplied by a complex weighting factor that compensates the phase rotation of the channel. Let <img src="4-6101249\67da5084-404c-4c55-aa81-f59564980ed6.jpg" /> denotes the output of the EGC, which can be expressed as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97544"><label>(7)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\9171eecf-e625-4afb-87ba-18444fb371bc.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><img src="4-6101249\6997403c-8d13-4a8b-a6b3-df3208b780af.jpg" />is the weighting factor of EGC, which can be given by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97545"><label>(8)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\83909489-5e13-4928-9a68-b44d3692acb8.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where phase <img src="4-6101249\fbaedb21-f834-4157-8559-5761a0a7e4a1.jpg" /> for<img src="4-6101249\42a93f8c-2f1d-41cc-a8e1-83cdc1be3488.jpg" />. <img src="4-6101249\39579724-7951-46ab-86ad-05b61daa674b.jpg" />are the magnitudes of the weighting factors which are same and do not depend on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values of the communication links.</p></sec><sec id="s3_3"><title>3.3. Maximal-Ratio Combining</title><p>Let <img src="4-6101249\f7551baf-babf-4fd9-a82e-4fdf5d2b7b85.jpg" /> denotes final decoded symbol at the destination using MRC is given by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97546"><label>(9)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\a3a1861b-aa10-48cd-80f9-09708c2ad677.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><img src="4-6101249\e1c0bd43-07a9-409c-88df-e9405c2aebfc.jpg" />is the weighting factor of MRC, which can be expressed as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97547"><label>(10)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\d24d793f-8052-436c-998a-7323879415db.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <img src="4-6101249\a30affea-600a-4f7d-baac-2c911efe4b29.jpg" /> is the variance of<img src="4-6101249\db61ceea-d68e-4943-9fec-34efa11ece52.jpg" />, phase <img src="4-6101249\ad91de7a-e493-459e-84dc-4b836f609077.jpg" /> for<img src="4-6101249\b5f9c4cf-33b3-4a8c-b410-a4c71adbbb0a.jpg" />.</p></sec></sec><sec id="s4"><title>4. Error Analysis</title><sec id="s4_1"><title>4.1. Non-Cooperation Mode</title><p>The SEP conditioned on<img src="4-6101249\0b1734fb-c336-47d5-8beb-0a9ded4b59af.jpg" />, obtained by the coherent detection is given by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97548"><label>(11)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\ac1a2401-e507-4b3a-b738-2143e725ec39.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where <img src="4-6101249\1ba3ad48-27d0-4f01-8f79-6b9d63fbc6f8.jpg" /> denotes the Gaussian Q-function.</p><p>The instantaneous SNR of the user 1 to destination link is denoted as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97549"><label>(12)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\96ce5143-1423-45f6-a9cd-9698cbe1a93a.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The average SNR of the user 1 to destination link is denoted as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97550"><label>(13)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\823965b8-40a2-4060-a2ec-443a06b592ca.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Therefore (12) can be written as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97551"><label>(14)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\f243f189-12a3-4dab-90e8-7a67fe78ae22.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>using Craig’s formula (14) can be written as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97552"><label>(15)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\420bf8fe-173c-4c8e-bd87-496d06da6426.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>After averaging the (15) over the statistics of<img src="4-6101249\e299bc74-37d4-49d2-bb43-bf30c5703e00.jpg" />, we obtain SEP in the non-cooperation mode as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97553"><label>(16)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\2a2b2907-f08c-474c-980f-42b30379eb72.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec><sec id="s4_2"><title>4.2. Cooperation Mode</title><p>Let <img src="4-6101249\8a28aa06-d550-40d0-8e3c-28fc45de5c32.jpg" /> and <img src="4-6101249\fc7f69f9-ff93-4a6d-85ef-2dcb6378383f.jpg" /> denote the instantaneous SNR of the user 1 to user 2 link and instantaneous SNR of the user 2 to destination link respectively, given by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97554"><label>(17)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\e989fa16-0dd1-440a-9286-526789bd4055.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Let <img src="4-6101249\f8bea5ca-313b-400a-8f46-3fec35e3213e.jpg" /> and <img src="4-6101249\14c6a2e0-1a28-4360-8018-bf229a88c0fe.jpg" /> denote the average SNR of the user 1 to user 2 link and average SNR of the user 2 to destination link respectively, given by</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97555"><label>(18)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\9ad89d58-16ae-4e91-94c4-c2a9bf10e042.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We consider the case when user 1 transmits symbol<img src="4-6101249\16e4af81-4da8-4a02-8c4c-e296b6ecce68.jpg" />, the disjoint events which lead to a correct decision can be enumerated as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97556"><label>(19)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\111aa3a0-b92f-4a0c-b888-cef55abfdac6.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97557"><label>(20)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\0df8fa8a-46d7-434d-8ef9-595cefb18288.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97558"><label>(21)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\85f18623-c7ca-4c3d-b5aa-c25c6f1f87f3.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Probability of the event <img src="4-6101249\1432e8d1-35ad-4e18-b849-12eff725f0a2.jpg" /> conditioned on <img src="4-6101249\a369a5ca-e509-46f2-8af4-e1bf90ed3aba.jpg" /><img src="4-6101249\a6ecb6cf-2996-41d6-b025-d32a65168c1b.jpg" /> and <img src="4-6101249\aacbe8d2-e365-47a0-bd92-a163fda1b800.jpg" /> can be written as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97559"><label>(22)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\e0826f6e-dee7-4cff-bcf8-d3870f38fd1c.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p><img src="4-6101249\b39b1161-4ca9-46df-9e01-f65290c57be7.jpg" />and <img src="4-6101249\5eb6146d-ffab-4629-a1ec-85074d969e57.jpg" /> are defined as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97560"><label>(23)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\9d9f22bd-3666-4404-8243-0dff6a2aebdc.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Averaging (22) over the exponential statistics of <img src="4-6101249\04cd5e76-d25f-498e-9e44-ab70bcbb3788.jpg" /> and<img src="4-6101249\14fc9450-231b-4b44-bae4-dbe96493d918.jpg" />, we obtain the probability of the event <img src="4-6101249\2bd8fe4b-abc4-4bbd-b952-8a1c235d2f38.jpg" /> as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97561"><label>(24)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\e5bbbef0-cdb8-4546-96b9-2b60e3ebfc6b.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Probability of the event <img src="4-6101249\a00a12f4-a65f-45d0-8a67-3592209685fe.jpg" /> can be written as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97562"><label>(25)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\41c6714e-aa97-4b5a-8e95-345bd30a16b3.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Averaging (25) over the statistics of <img src="4-6101249\b71bed49-d35c-4415-9589-c17c67a59aa8.jpg" /> and <img src="4-6101249\294cd1ca-be18-4112-89fa-41622ceb6f7a.jpg" /> under the condition <img src="4-6101249\b33270a3-9237-48b5-a3f6-dae1bb79b805.jpg" /> can be simplified into</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97563"><label>(26)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\6bca3bda-8955-4714-963e-5e04b6c46f85.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Using the integration by parts we get</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97564"><label>(27)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\cd4ddf39-748d-431a-838b-e30ddf2bc259.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>After applying the formula [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31168-ref4">4</xref>], we get</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97565"><label>(28)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\24d3018f-3a31-4ddd-a05f-65cad994bd71.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>where quantities <img src="4-6101249\59eac73a-0fd8-4efc-a6de-104764336cf8.jpg" /> and <img src="4-6101249\272e7e67-125c-4cd2-bbff-a17367afacaf.jpg" /> are defined as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97566"><label>(29)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\3a6e38c9-24d5-402c-8cba-da9dd431056c.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>We finally obtain the probability of event <img src="4-6101249\976767c1-4ce7-4978-b330-c0492a00395a.jpg" /></p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97567"><label>(30)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\baa32798-4da0-4610-8194-d959be7ecbf1.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Probability of event <img src="4-6101249\f5c28959-a0a9-4d55-8b43-95159f238a3c.jpg" /> can be similarly written as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97568"><label>(31)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\1184aeae-8bc6-4337-b517-d28f5c3d6ee3.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Averaging the (31) over the statistics of <img src="4-6101249\e240e0c2-15f7-453f-a092-a43c351a6671.jpg" /> and <img src="4-6101249\3b9a7e0b-c3f5-4908-a276-5a4418ebbe09.jpg" /> under the condition <img src="4-6101249\348dd05b-8b0f-44ff-ab25-d5bb90cca4a0.jpg" /> can be simplified into</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97569"><label>(32)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\27a6daf0-35f8-421f-90ad-52a7a7c83114.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Using the integration by parts we get</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97570"><label>(33)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\57618f60-e9f9-4ff9-bda2-587db6b7ae92.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>Applying the formula as in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.31168-ref4">4</xref>], we get the probability of <img src="4-6101249\afe8e1f5-59fe-4521-be2a-eff25179ec02.jpg" /></p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97571"><label>(34)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\0ab18f94-1c13-4442-ac72-8875984bc2d9.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>The probability of correct decision is given by <img src="4-6101249\dc91f05e-3cfb-4fed-95b6-dc12900ed707.jpg" />. Therefore the end-to-end SEP, which is denoted as <img src="4-6101249\d5fee369-30cc-4e8c-bc09-361e49880adb.jpg" /> in cooperation mode can be expressed as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97572"><label>(35)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\6fa4540b-5d2f-4e2d-8a52-a01dbda23d13.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>After substituting the (24), (30) and (34) in (35) we finally obtain the end-to-end SEP expression as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97573"><label>(36)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\fa401f9e-9f63-4051-8e3e-72fd0650fe1b.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula><p>For <img src="4-6101249\2e6ced29-afaf-4144-b85e-dcb35b03465d.jpg" /> the expression (36) can be approximated as</p><disp-formula id="scirp.31168-formula97574"><label>(37)</label><graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="4-6101249\95240bdc-a280-437b-96e2-15b820607b55.jpg"  xlink:type="simple"/></disp-formula></sec></sec><sec id="s5"><title>5. Simulation Results</title><p>In this section we show the numerical results of the SEP vs average SNR for BPSK modulation scheme. From the <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figure 2</xref>, we observe the performance of the cooperation mode is better than the non-cooperation mode over a large range of SNR values when the <img src="4-6101249\9b2543c5-85e6-484a-b9e7-2d446ed6b838.jpg" /> value increases. From the <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Figure 3</xref>, we observe that the MRC improves the diversity significantly over EGC and SC, when <img src="4-6101249\4ebe8947-8a27-49f2-8c29-191a28f6b7e9.jpg" /> and <img src="4-6101249\02b8f8d0-dcb0-438b-b8f7-c05bc250a5b8.jpg" /> is varied between 5 to 15 dB. We also observe similar increase in performance when <img src="4-6101249\51fded37-2e9f-4d2d-b051-c701966f9143.jpg" /> and <img src="4-6101249\ebd52827-d3af-43de-88f9-f3adff17ca96.jpg" /> is varied between 5 to 20 dB. From the <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">Figure 4</xref>, we also observe that for every 5 dB increase of <img src="4-6101249\3b799cfa-5091-433d-b7d7-2eb64cda7e3f.jpg" /> The diversity range offered by MRC is approximately increases by 5 dB. SEP values of EGC are almost close to the MRC because both the schemes are coherently combining the signals at the destination. The performance of the MRC, EGC, SC is almost similar after the points of intersection <img src="4-6101249\f24bc09d-4e4d-43f6-8080-895337a4331b.jpg" /> and <img src="4-6101249\40ed7db1-7723-4495-87ce-e89ca5fb15cd.jpg" />.</p></sec><sec id="s6"><title>6. Conclusions</title><p>We investigated the performance of a two-user cooperative diversity system using MRC, EGC, SC techniques. First we compared the cooperation and non-cooperation modes for different <img src="4-6101249\48fb9918-abc7-4cd8-b2e9-809c99807209.jpg" /> values. We also compared the MRC, EGC, SC with each other in providing better diversity. The obtained simulation and computation results</p><p>agree with each other. Further we also presented some choice of SNR values with different combining techniques to obtain low SEP values. Finally we proved that two-user cooperative diversity with MRC implementation was performing better for low SNR values compared to SC and EGC techniques.</p></sec><sec id="s7"><title>REFERENCES</title></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="scirp.31168-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">A. Nosratinia, T. E. Hunter and A. Hedayat, “Cooperative Communication in Wireless Networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 42, No. 10, 2004, pp. 74-80.  
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