Despite the popularity of cloud computing services, few studies have investigated academic cloud computing services. This study explored the innovation of an academic cloud, the Ming Chuan University Cloud System (MCUCS). A cloud computing service provides numerous benefits to an organization. We conducted a comprehensive review and observation of MCUCS and identified 8 benefits for teachers and 10 for students. Teachers and students agreed that MCUCS consistently provided a service that improved their performance. The most beneficial features of MCUCS were its high usage and user satisfaction. Between April 2010 and April 2012, the usage exceeded 878 300 events. Overall student satisfaction with MCUCS was 79.2%, and teacher satisfaction was 86%. We concluded that MCUCS provides a good model of an academic cloud computing service and a high qualified system.
During the past decade, information technology (IT) has become increasingly popular and the Internet has flourished. People regularly obtain required information and knowledge from the Internet, both for work purposes and in general life. This dependence on the network has resulted in a focus on cloud computing. However, several market analysts and companies have expressed concerns about cloud computing, which as a field is expected to reach maturity within the next 4 to 6 years [1,2]. According to CNN [
Cloud computing is a service rather than a product, whereby shared storage resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand. The service operates in a similar manner to other utilities, such as the electricity grid, over a network (typically the Internet), without cloud users needing to know the location of the computing infrastructure or other details thereof [4,5]. According to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the main characteristics of cloud services are: on-demand self-service, broad network access, location-independent resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Cloud computing providers offer their services through 3 fundamental models: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS) [4,6].
Because computation occurs on a remote server, the users’ hardware requirements remain minimal. Thus, cloud computing reduces both cost and maintenance requirements [
Since the mid 1980s, educational experts have been speaking of “virtual classrooms”. In a virtual classroom, people who are spatially and/or temporally distant from each other can be involved in collaborative learning pro- cesses using technological systems that reduce time and space constraints [11,12]. Virtual classrooms provide additional advantages such as superior mastery of course material compared with that provided by traditional classroom settings. Virtual classroom students report higher subjective satisfaction with virtual classrooms than traditional classrooms on a number of dimensions, including access to professors and the overall quality of the educational experience. Furthermore, virtual students perceive the experience as “group learning” rather than individual learning. The more students perceive collaborative learning, the more likely they are to judge the outcomes of a virtual classroom as superior to those of a traditional classroom [13,14].
An academic cloud computing service supports both virtual and traditional classrooms, and assists both teachers and students in improving their performance. However, few studies have investigated the phenomenon of educational cloud computing. This study explored the innovation of an academic cloud computing service. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the Ming Chuan University Cloud System (MCUCS), and Section 3 discusses the evaluation of MCUCS. The final section presents our conclusions.
The term “cloud computing” refers to software applications or resources that exist online and are available to multiple users through the Internet, without having to be installed on a user’s computer. Users can access these applications from any computer with an Internet connection, without needing any other connection to the hardware that holds the source software [
The MCUCS was created by 8 cores of processing power, 48 GB Ram, 28 blade servers, 25 TB storage, 240 virtual machines (VM), and Windows Server 2008 R2. It comprises 3 subsystems: cloud classroom, cloud folder, and cloud host (
Up to 900 students can simultaneously use the MCUCS. Students, teachers, and other employees need to authenticate their identification before using multiple resources.
SaaS provides the use of applications linked to a cloud
system. The applications are accessed by client devices, either through a thin client interface such as a browser (e.g., web-based email) or a program interface. The end users do not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure (network, servers, operating systems, storage, or individual applications). However, certain applications allow for limited user-specific configuration settings [4,5]. The cloud classroom provides educational software, Technicians Quotient Certification training files, Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Suite, programming tools, and certain specialized applications such as statistical software (SPSS or SAS) and ERP (SAP or Workflow ERP).
The cloud classroom also provides virtual space for users to store their files. Each user receives 4 MB for a system disk (C drive) and 2 GB for a file disk (D drive), as shown in
IaaS provides computer infrastructure. This mode offers products that are delivered by remote service through the Internet, and includes a full computer infrastructure (e.g., virtual computers, computational resources, and data storage facilities). The best-known vendors of such services include Amazon’s EC2, GoGrid’s Cloud Servers, and Joyent.
Transferring files can pose a problem for learners and teachers, and the cloud folder was developed as a solution to this problem. When users login to the system, a popup message prompts: “You can load your personal cloud folders (Desktop, My Documents, Favorites, My
Music, My Pictures, My Video, and Downloads) to this computer. Do you want to load cloud folders?” Each user receives 3 GB of free space (network disk, shown in
The cloud host allows a user to rent a free virtual computer to run his or her specific computer applications. Each user can rent only one cloud host. Students can rent it for a month; teachers and other personnel can rent it for 6 months. Borrowers can renew their projects before the rental time expires. Users are required to adhere to the rules of the cloud host and project management.
The cloud host provides a scalable deployment of applications by providing a Web service, through which a user can boot a machine image to create a virtual computer. This “machine” comprises an operating system (Windows 7, Linux, and FreeBSD) and any software desired.
The MCUCS is a large and complex system. Developing such an extensive academic cloud system can cost a great deal-up to millions of dollars. The MCUCS is constrained by fixed costs for hardware and software development. Thus, the system managers are concerned with understanding the system’s perceived benefits. The benefits of the MCUCS for teachers have been identified by school managers as follows.
● Flexibility: Teachers use an electronic document system at school, at home, or at any where.
● Reduced cost: Teachers use free software.
● Reduced workload: The software environment is consistent for teaching and preparation.
● Easy to use: Using the cloud system makes teachers’ jobs easier.
● Convenient: The cloud system removes the need for flash drives.
● Improved performance: The cloud system enhances teachers’ effectiveness.
● Highly automated: Teachers do not need to worry about making constant software upgrades (versions) to the operating system.
● Increased storage: Teachers can store more data than on a personal computer.
The benefits of MCUCS for students have been identified as follows.
● Reduced cost: Students use free software at school and home.
● Enhanced learning: Students have vast opportunities to try various applications.
● Focus on lessons: Students who prepare software certifications do not need to install software or worry about the software environment.
● Easy to use: Uploading and downloading of files is relatively easy to transfer files.
● Convenient: Exchanging messages with other users of the cloud system is convenient.
● Time-effective: Students can use the cloud system to do homework timely.
● Compatible: The cloud system is compatible with all aspects of the student’s personal computer.
● Controllable: The student has full control over his or her use of the cloud system.
● Individual effect: Using the cloud system tends to improve students’ grades.
● Group effect: Groups of students work jointly on projects in the cloud system.
This wide range in perceived benefits means that managers are inevitably concerned to evaluate a cloud system. Our evaluation of the MCUCS showed that its most positive features were high levels of usage and user satisfaction. Between April 2010 and April 2012, users logged in more than 878,300 times. A recent survey conducted by
school managers on MCUCS showed that overall student satisfaction was 79.2% and teacher satisfaction was 86%. Thus, we concluded that the MCUCS provides a high quality cloud service.
The MCUCS provides virtual classroom support for dayto-day operations and students’ learning activities. This cloud system mainly offers SaaS and IaaS services. SaaS includes educational software, Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Suite, programming tools (Java), statistical software (SPSS, SAS), and ERP (SAP, Workflow ERP). IaaS includes the provision of a cloud folder and host. The MCUCS provides 8 main perceived benefits to teachers, and 10 main perceived benefits to students. Our overall evaluation of MCUCS was a high-quality system that is popular and well recognized by both teachers and students.
The authors thank Prof. Wang J. L., Professor Abel Chen and Mr. Joseph Huang for providing necessary information of Ming Chuan University Cloud system for this study.