LCELow Carbon Economy2158-7000Scientific Research Publishing10.4236/lce.2012.31003LCE-17875ArticlesBusiness&Economics Earth&Environmental Sciences The Research on the Cooperation and Coordination Game in Constructing Low-Carbon Green Oil Port oumingFan1*GuosongDong1*XiaonanZhang1XiaohuaLi1XiaLiang1Transportation Management College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.* E-mail:fhm468@163.com(OF);dlmudgs531@yahoo.com.cn(GD);1603201203011620December 5th, 2011January 8th, 2012 January 19th, 2012© Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Constructing low-carbon green oil port is not only beneficial to change the present situation of Chinese oil port which has pollution problems and many risks, but also to increase the economic efficiency and improve the ability of sustainable development of low-carbon green oil port. While coordinating the cooperative relationship between each related enterprises participated in the construction of oil port low-carbon green oil port, is the important segment to build a low-carbon green oil port. This paper adopted the static game model under the asymmetric circumstance to research cooperative relations of low-carbon green oil port between the oil port enterprises and other enterprises and achieved good research achievements. The study results can provide for oil port supply chain related enterprise whether you choose cooperative strategy with the theory basis and the reference for decision.

Oil Port; Low-Carbon Green; Cooperation; The Game1. Introduction

Oil port can be used as oil transport, transferring, storage base. Constructing low-carbon green oil port is not only beneficial to change the present situation of serious environmental pollutions and big risks in Chinese oil port, but also to increase and promote its economic benefits and the ability of sustainable development. The construction of low-carbon green oil port needs shipping enterprise, land transportation enterprise and storage enterprise to participate in jointly. How to coordinate the cooperation between the main bodies of the cooperation is the important segment to build a low-carbon green oil port. This paper is aimed at solving the problem.

The study on enterprises’ cooperation of constructing low-carbon green oil port in the oil port supply chain, especially on the cooperation and coordination game in constructing the low-carbon green oil port, in theory, is still in the blank stage, but as to partnership coordination theory, some scholars have done many researches. Such as: Feng DongGong (2010), Wang Xun (2008), Mahesh Nagarajan et al. (2008) introduced the theory of cooperation and coordination game to the organization and coordination mechanism. The paper presents the cooperation and coordination game model to study the harmonious relation in the cooperation [1-3]. Zhao Yingxue et al. (2010) introduced option contract, and constructed a cooperative game model of supply chain coordination relationship [4]. Zhuo XiangZhi (2010) established a symmetric and asymmetric static game model to study the instability and high failure rate in supply chain alliance partnerships [5]. Kirsten Schliephake et al. (2009), Hennart J. F. (1988), Kydd A. (2001) carried on analysis on harmonic stability of supply chain cooperative relationship respectively based on the resource theory, transaction theory and social dilemmas theory [6-8]. Shang Shiqiang (2005) constructed Nash equilibrium model to supply chain partnership, based on relational contracts and analyzed the self-execution [9]. Wang Jiuhe etc. (2007) pointed out the cooperative enterprise gained more benefit and high enthusiasm in Stackelberg model, by analyzing and comparing Stackelberg equilibrium model and the Nash equilibrium model of the port supply chain partnership, [10]. Zhao Na etc. (2009) put forward that we can be based on Agent to analyze port supply chain coordinative system [11].

In conclusion, although there are no research achievements on the cooperation and coordination game in building low-carbon green oil port, the literature research results have a good reference to this study.

In the cooperative work of constructing the low-carbon green oil port, oil port is in the key position. But it cannot complete without shipping enterprise, land transportation enterprise and the storage enterprise’s common participation. And cooperation from various ways will produce cooperation coordination game relationship. Oil port enterprises and other parties have equal status in the process. We can choose static game model under the asymmetric circumstance to analyze.

2. Oil Port and Related Enterprise’s Cooperation Coordination Game

Cooperative game model of constructing low-carbon green oil port of oil port enterprises and other enterprises in the supply chain is similar with cooperation and coordination model of oil port enterprise and shipping enterprise, and we often choose the static game model under the asymmetric circumstance to construct its cooperation relationship model. Therefore, this study only constructs cooperation and coordination model of the oil port enterprise and shipping enterprise.

2.1. Assumed Condition

1) In study of the cooperative relationships in lowcarbon green oil port, we assume that the partnership enterprises, such as oil port enterprise, shipping companies, are limitedly rational, and have certain analyzing ability. When one game party chooses one strategy, it can be rational to correctly judge.

2) When constructing the low-carbon green oil port, game party has two strategies to choose, namely “involved” and “don’t participate in”. “Involved” said enterprises will participate in the low-carbon green oil port construction, i.e. cooperation; “Don’t participate in” said enterprise will not take part in low-carbon green oil port construction, i.e. no cooperation.

3) In the process of the enterprises to participate in the construction of low-carbon green oil port mechanism, the government will give it certain subsidies.

2.2. Parameter Description

1) In the process of cooperative constructing low-carbon green oil port, if oil port enterprise A and shipping enterprise B are both involved in, then the benefit they get is, while its benefit sharing rates are and; If oil port enterprise A or shipping enterprise B construct alone, the benefit respectively is and, and.

2) Set and respectively for pay costs of oil port enterprise A and shipping enterprise B in the construction of low-carbon green oil port, , , and, T represents total pay cost,.

3) In the process of constructing the low-carbon green oil port, because of high environmental requirements to shipping enterprise’s berthing oil tanker, poor environmental protection shipping will be out the door of oil port enterprise. So in a certain extent it can reduce the oil port enterprise income, which can be set to S.

4) Set and respectively for the government to the oil port enterprise and shipping enterprise subsidy rates. This subsidy rates depend on the pay cost of enterprise constructing low-carbon green oil port.

5) Set the probability of cooperation: set the probability of oil port enterprises to participate in the cooperation mechanism for x, and the nonparticipation probability is 1 − x; the probability of shipping enterprises to participate in cooperation mechanism for y, and the nonparticipation probability is 1 − y.

2.3. Modeling

Based on the asymmetric static game model, combining with cooperation mode analysis of oil port enterprises and other enterprises in the cooperation mechanism of low-carbon green oil port, and assumptions this paper set, the paper constructs cooperation and coordination relationship model of oil port enterprise and shipping enterprise. We can see this from the following Figure 1.

1) Income model of oil port enterprise. Based on the Figure 1, we can know the income model of oil port enterprise as shown in Figure 2.

Expected yields UA1 of that oil port enterprise A when it chooses to participate in cooperation construction is:

Expected yields UA2 of that oil port enterprise A when it doesn’t choose to participate in cooperation construction is:

The mean income of oil port enterprise A is

Replicated dynamic equation for earnings of constructing oil port enterprise A is:

Making, solve.Known: when

, always equal zerono matter what value x takes (), and the level is always in a stable state; when, and are two stable states, but stable state also needs a certain disturbance rejection ability, namely to

meet. Therefore, we need to derivate:

When      

. If,; if, , this is the stable state of the game model (ESS).

When      

. If, , Which is the stable state of the game model (ESS); if,.

2) Shipping enterprise income model. Based on the Figure 1, we can know the shipping enterprise income model as shown in Fgure 3.

Expected yields of that shipping enterprise B choose to participate in cooperation construction are:

Expected yields of that shipping enterprise B choose not to participate in cooperation construction are:.

The mean income of shipping enterprise B is

Replicated dynamic equation for earnings of constructing shipping enterprise B is:

Making, solve x.

when, always equal zero, no matter what value y takes (), the level is always in a stable state; when

, and are two stable states, but stable state also needs a certain disturbance, namely to meet. Therefore, we need to derivate:

When,. If,

; if, then.This is the stable state of the game model (ESS).

When,. If,

, which is the stable state of game model (ESS); if,.

Details use phase diagram to describe, just as shown in Figure 4.

Just as the Figure 4 shows: When the game begins, if the initial condition falls in the I area, the probability of the oil port enterprise A choosing to participate in low carbon green oil port cooperation is greater than

, and the probability of the shipping enterprise B choosing to participate in low carbon green oil port cooperation is greater than

, so this game converges to,

; if the initial condition falls in the III area, the probability of the oil port enterprise A choosing to participate in low carbon green oil port cooperation is less than, and the probability of the shipping enterprise B choosing to participate in low carbon green oil port cooperation less than

, so this game converges to,

; if the initial condition falls in the II area or III area, this game may converge to, , or to,. Its ultimate equilibrium state depends on the best effort of oil port enterprise and shipping enterprise in the construction of low carbon green oil port.

For, stable strategy, it means oil port enterprises and shipping companies don’t choose to participate in low carbon green oil port construction, i.e. no cooperation; for, stable strategy, it means oil port enterprise and shipping companies choose to participate in low carbon green oil port construction, i.e. cooperation. Assumed that the probability of the oil port enterprise and shipping enterprise converge to, stable strategy is p, I area, distribution density of variable x and variable y respectively and, then. Under the condition of variable distribution density unchanged, the greater area of I, the greater probability of the initial state in the I, the probability of the oil port enterprise and shipping enterprise converging to, stable strategy is also bigger. Through the calculation, conclusion is:

calculating the partial derivative of, and assumed that game cooperation total cost T, cooperation total revenue and profits K oil port enterprise and shipping enterprise got (K is a part of income ) of both game parties, are certain, i.e., , and. Through calculating, gain: the probable extreme point of is:

Therefore, when game cooperation total cost and cooperation total revenue of both game parties are certain, the contract which is most favorable to the stability of supply chain coalition should be: income distribution rate is:

, and pay cost is:.

3. Conclusion

This paper analyzes the relationship of cooperation and coordination between the oil port enterprise and other enterprises (land transportation enterprise, storage enterprise and shipping enterprise). Through the research, we know that the partnership enterprise chooses whether to cooperate is related to the size of the initial probability, when the smaller the initial probability. When the initial probability is smaller, the probability of both parties in the game tending to establish a stable cooperation is smaller, and vice versa. Therefore, the enterprise must be based on enterprise long-term interests, after much study and the careful consideration, so that it can make the decision which is beneficial to enterprise development. Research results can provide related enterprise with strong theoretical basis and decision-making reference when they choose to cooperate or not in the oil port supply chain.

4. Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by humanities and social sciences research projects (Project number: 10YJA790045) from the Ministry of Education of P.R.C.

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