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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oalib</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Open Access Library Journal</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2333-9721</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2333-9705</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Scientific Research Publishing</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4236/oalib.1115765</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">Oalib-153188</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Biomedical</subject>
          <subject>Life Sciences</subject>
          <subject>Business</subject>
          <subject>Economics</subject>
          <subject>Chemistry</subject>
          <subject>Materials Science</subject>
          <subject>Computer Science</subject>
          <subject>Communications</subject>
          <subject>Earth</subject>
          <subject>Environmental Sciences</subject>
          <subject>Engineering</subject>
          <subject>Medicine</subject>
          <subject>Healthcare</subject>
          <subject>Physics</subject>
          <subject>Mathematics</subject>
          <subject>Social Sciences</subject>
          <subject>Humanities</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Stemming the Flow with Characters: Person-and-World Mooring in Jiashan as the Grand Canal’s Anchor in an Age of Upheaval</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Wei</surname>
            <given-names>Wei</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1"><label>1</label> Department of English, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, China </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn-conflict">
          <p>The author declares no conflicts of interest.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>13</volume>
      <issue>08</issue>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>10</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="published">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2026 by the authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p> This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link> ). </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri content-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1115765">https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1115765</self-uri>
      <abstract>
        <p>Existing scholarship on the Grand Canal takes “circulation” (tong) as its sole measure of value, ranking riverside localities into core, close, and radiating tiers by their distance from the trunk line and treating off-trunk regions as a graded diminution of relevance and resource concentration. This article argues that in the Ming and Qing the Canal was the material form of the current of the times: grain barges went north, boats bearing prisoners under escort went north, and after the dynastic collapse the flotillas of the captured went north as well—what they carried shifted from grain to persons to life itself, yet the waterway remained one and the same. From the Yuan to the early Qing, the single locality of Weitang in Jiashan met upheaval three times without being moved, and three times answered it with one and the same form: an object that cannot move, and a text moored beside it. In the Yuan, Wu Zhen, his path to office foreclosed, painted the Fisherman handscroll and moored a lyric beside each of its fourteen boats; in the Tianqi eunuch persecution the Wei household was destroyed, yet the carved-stone boat by Wang Yi and the thirty-four characters preserved in Wei Xueyi’s Record of the Carved Boat alone survived; in the late Wanli era a woman of Kuaiji inscribed poems on the earthen wall of Xinjia post-station, and though the wall’s characters were gone within forty years, the poems survived through matching verses, notebooks, and prefectural anthologies—recontextualized, in the dynastic-transition exchanges of verse, from one woman’s private grievance into a public text of Jiangnan women borne north never to return. In all three the flow severed is the current of the age, and what is brought to rest is person and world; the object of the operation moves outward from the self to the household to the passing stranger, yet across three dynasties the method does not change. Drawing on Bakhtin’s chronotope, Blumenberg’s metaphorology of shipwreck, de Certeau’s concept of the tactic, and Derrida’s theory of iterability, read together with the Zhuangzi’s doctrine of still water, this article contends that in the Canal’s division of labor the riverside counties bear the grain tribute while Jiashan bears the record: reclusive Jiashan is in truth the anchor of the Canal, of the age, and of the individual.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-generated" xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Grand Canal</kwd>
        <kwd>Jiashan</kwd>
        <kwd>Dynastic Upheaval</kwd>
        <kwd>Mooring</kwd>
        <kwd>Iterability</kwd>
        <kwd>Carved-Stone Boat</kwd>
        <kwd>Wall-Inscription Poetry</kwd>
        <kwd>Affective Geography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec1">
      <title>1. 运河、乱流与停顿的分配</title>
      <p>明清两代为保北段通航，于山东、苏北改湖闭泉，夺农田灌溉之水以济漕渠，淮北由此良田淹没、水媒疾病流行、土壤长期退化。近年的运河史研究已经指出，国家对运河维护的执着所反映者除工程限制之外，尚有一种以地方可持续性为代价的中央集权承诺，淮北的衰败不出于疏于治理，而出于治理本身[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]-[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>]。既然靠近干线可以是灾难，则远离干线便不必然是欠缺。</p>
      <p>运河文化带研究通行按距干线里程分层，核心层、紧密层、辐射层依次递减，非干线区域被处理为相关性的量的衰减，其背后的预设是“通”为唯一的价值尺度，凡不通者只能是通的稀薄形态。这一预设在基础设施研究的视野中很难成立。拉金指出基础设施在履行输送功能之外还是欲望与想象的物质形式，包括人对何为常态、何为可欲的判断，因而对基础设施的分析不能停留于效能计量，必须同时处理它的诗学[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>]；斯塔尔则指出基础设施在正常运转时对使用者近乎不可见，唯有故障、断裂以及被排除者的经验才使它显形，故边缘处的经验对于理解系统本身具有优先性[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>]。淮北的意义正在于既是运河这套基础设施的故障处，也是它的显影。克雷斯韦尔进一步把流动拆为动力、速度、节奏、路线、体验与摩擦六项，指出流动按社会位置被差别地分配，某些人的高速依赖另一些人的滞留，因此对流动的分析同时是对权力的分析[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>]。运河研究若只计吞吐，所看见的仅是速度一项；路线与摩擦二项才真正决定了一个地方在这套系统中的位置。近年已有研究注意到运河兼具统一性基础设施与区域转化力量的双重身份[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>]，然而所问者仍是运河如何塑造地方，尚未反过来追问不在干线上的地方如何以不动来回应运河。江南运河城镇的诗性结构可上溯至良渚，其形成远早于运河的开凿[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>]，运河是江南诗学的延伸。</p>
      <p>明清一朝，赴任、赴考、进京、押纲、递奏、贬谪、逮系、扶榇，凡此关乎士人身份升降的动作皆由这条水完成，故而大运河在物流意义之外还是仕途本身的物质形态，个体在水上的位置通常也就是其在官僚体系中的位置。到了乱世，这条水所承载的东西改变而方向未改：漕船北上，押解钦犯之舟北上，鼎革之后被掳者的船队亦北上，所载者由粮而人而身命。时势之为流，向来是一个惯用的譬喻，而在明清中国它有一条可以指认的河道；被这道流带走的人与物，其去向在地图上是同一条线。所谓“以字断流”，三次乱世之中，嘉善魏塘一地皆以同一方法应之，即在流所不及之处立一不能移动之物，而以文字系其旁。魏大中天启间官至吏科都给事中，陈龙正崇祯七年成进士，钱继登、曹勋、曹尔堪一门皆在仕籍，嘉善是一个彻底嵌入科举与仕宦的县；其水系则处江南运河一级支流之上，嘉善塘为汇聚嘉兴的诸条人工塘河之一，县境水道与运河干线相通而不入漕额之册，船可以到，粮不必出。一个完全在仕途之内而其水又不承担仕途运输的县，反复生产脱离仕途的形式，这才是嘉善所提出的问题。</p>
      <p>对停顿的理论处理，现有两种框架均不足以收纳本文的材料。段义孚的空间与地方之别建立在停顿之上，他谓空间是运动而地方是停顿，人在运动中的每一次驻足都使抽象的方位转为有价值的所在[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>]，这一说法预设停顿是自愿的、可选择的、并且可以重复的。新流动范式则从相反方向处理停顿，港埠、码头、基站被理解为流动所必需的固定基础设施，“系泊”之所以存在，理由在于使位移得以继续[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>][<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>]。二者共有一个前提，即停顿总是服务于某种更大的运动。而支流之停可以是终止之停，停下之后人与其所写同处一地，可以收存，可以传诸子弟，可以刻上款识而作为器物长期保有。一段写在干线驿壁上的文字何以必须由支流上的一个县来收容，其故在此。</p>
      <p>三次乱世所行者皆是剥夺，宋亡而汉人之仕路夺，阉祸而言路夺，鼎革而家国与身命俱夺，淮北则被夺者为境而非人，水与田为漕渠所取而人仍在其地。这一剥夺出于兵刑与政争而不指向任何补偿，剥夺本身即是结果。本文所考察的三次书写，其共同处在于它们皆是对这一剥夺的回应，其所为者是在夺已完成之后为被夺者重新立起一个可以指认的位置与一种可以持续的姿态。</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec2">
      <title>2. 宋元易代下的《渔父图》</title>
      <p>吴镇生于至元十七年，上距崖山之败一年，卒于至正十四年，一生尽在元世。元代废科举近八十年，江南汉族士人的仕进之路实际关闭，渔隐遂由题材升为一种普遍的自我描述，绘事中的渔父多承担士人对自身处境的说明。吴镇，嘉善魏塘人；早岁授徒村塾，后以卖卜为生，终身不仕，其履历在元季江南属于常态，所异于同时者在他为这一常态所建立的图文体制。上海博物馆藏《渔父图》卷于岸边、苇间、石后、水中布小舟十五艘，其中十四艘各载一渔父，或垂钓，或憩息，或吟啸，而每舟之侧各系《渔父词》一首[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>]。</p>
      <p>巴赫金论小说中的时空体，指出道路的时空体以偶遇、分岔与不可预期的交错为特征，时间在其中被空间化为可以行走的距离，人物的成长与命运的转折皆借行程而展开；与之相对的外省小城时空体则以循环、重复与事件的缺席为特征，时间在其中失去前进的向量，只余日复一日的计量[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>]。若以此二型衡量，漕运干线正是道路时空体在明清中国的制度化形态，一个士人的整个仕历都可以按他在这条水上的历次行程来叙述；而吴镇此卷所构造的接近后一型而更为极端。十四舟并列于同一水面，姿态互异而方向皆无，画面既不提供出发点亦不提供目的地，观者沿卷轴展开的移动并不对应舟的任何移动，重复十四次的是同一状态在时间中的持存。词系于舟侧而不题于卷尾，使文字与图像的关系由题跋转为系缆，每一首词都把一条舟按在它所在的位置上；卷轴这一形制本身要求观者的手不断移动，而画中之物始终不动，观看的行进与被观看者的滞留在同一件器物上并存，这正是“以字断流”的最初形态。</p>
      <p>吴镇所应对的是易代之后一个被永久取消了出路的世界；被夺者是境中的一条通道，人与地皆完好而无所往。渔隐若仅是一次姿态，它随姿态的结束而结束；要使一个没有事件的处境成为可以延续并可被后人指认的东西，须有一个不依赖姿态的载体，而吴镇所择的载体是可重复的文字。舟为绢素所绘，绢素可毁；词为墨迹所书，墨迹可漫漶；然而词一旦被著录、被摹写、被编入总集，它便脱离了这一卷的物质寿命而进入另一种时间。</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec3">
      <title>3. 阉祸与国变之间的核舟</title>
      <p>天启二年秋，虞山王毅以桃核刻舟一枚贻魏学洢，舟背款识八字曰“天启壬戌秋日，虞山王毅叔远甫刻”，篷侧对联则拆自苏轼二赋，右为“山高月小，水落石出”，左为“清风徐来，水波不兴”[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>]。苏轼《前赤壁赋》起首“壬戌之秋，七月既望”所纪为元丰五年[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>]，天启二年上距元丰五年五百四十年，恰为九个甲子之整。刻者择壬戌之秋以刻壬戌之秋，此非用典的装饰而是历日的叠合，使执物者所处的时间与所刻的时间在干支上同一，一个五百四十年前的秋夜遂成为可以随身开启的现在。斯图尔特论微缩物，谓缩小尺度所换取的是时间的悬置，微缩物内部的世界因其封闭而免于外部历史的侵扰，观看者与之建立的是凝视的关系，把时间转化为可以反复观看的空间[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>]。</p>
      <p>布卢门贝格考察欧洲思想中航海与沉船的隐喻史，指出这一隐喻的根本结构是岸与海的对立，人的自然位置在坚实的陆地，航海是对这一限度的僭越，而卢克莱修所写“大海扬波之时自岸上观他人之艰险，其乐也甚”所确立的旁观者位置，乃是哲学为自己所选定的位置，即已经上岸者对仍在海中者的注视；这一注视之所以不被指为幸灾乐祸，在于旁观者本人已经放弃了航行所许诺的一切[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>]。核舟所提供的是这一位置的东方变体，且较之更为彻底。元丰五年的苏轼已历乌台诗案，居黄州而无职守可尽，其泛舟赤壁已不属仕途中的一段行程，而是仕途终止之后的余生，“逝者如斯而未尝往也”所描述的正是一种已经不参与流逝的观看。这是一个既不在海中亦不在岸上的第三位置，舟仍在水上，然而它不驶向任何地方，观看者与被观看的流水共处而不为其所载。王毅所刻者正是这一位置，且做成了可执之物，所提示于受赠者魏家的是危险以及危险发生之后仍可保持的姿态。</p>
      <p>天启二年的形势足以说明这一馈赠的分寸。是年正月，努尔哈赤破广宁，辽东尽失，消息至京而士大夫日夜潜发其币南还，首鼠观望；二月，王化贞、熊廷弼下狱论死，熊廷弼请内阁中书汪文言为其辩冤而无银可贿，忤于阉党，杨涟、左光斗等上书鸣冤反被控受赂，北镇抚司许显纯严刑逼供汪文言，令供杨、左等受熊廷弼之贿[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>]。三年之后杀魏大中的罪名正是受熊廷弼贿，而那桩案子在核舟刻成之前半年即已成立。可以说的是天启二年秋刻赤壁者所刻的乃是言路中人的共同前景，苏轼以乌台诗案获罪，所坐者其所写之字；魏大中以《击逆珰疏》获罪，所坐者亦其所写之字。天启五年四月二十四日，魏大中被囚，数千士民一路号泣追随，他与士民从容告别，舟过锡山，业师高攀龙来别，叮咛当不辱臣节[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>]；此前舟过吴门，吏部郎中周顺昌不避株连，招待数日，许以女聘大中孙[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>]。六月入北镇抚司狱，七月二十六日与杨涟、左光斗同死狱中。这两次停泊皆非私人行为。押解之舟停于何处、停留几日、何人前来接见，俱在缇骑的支配与朝廷的注视之下，故接舟即是表态。周顺昌以此触怒魏忠贤，御史倪文焕承旨劾之而削籍[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>]，天启六年三月缇骑至苏州开读，市民万人齐集殴毙缇骑，颜佩韦、马杰、沈扬、杨念如、周文元五人出面投案论死，周顺昌卒死于诏狱[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>]；同年缇骑至无锡，高攀龙自沉于家园之池[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>]，亦是这一年，诏毁天下书院而东林书院被拆[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>]，连可以停靠之处本身也一并拆除。以克雷斯韦尔的语汇言之，干线上真正被管制是路线与停顿，被押解者对自己何时停下、停在何处并无支配权。</p>
      <p>魏学洢的三次运河行动同样无一自主。父被逮，他不听劝阻，改换姓名容貌，秘密尾随缇骑北上，沿途打听父之起居，抵京后昼伏夜出四处求救而无援；父死，他领尸扶榇归乡，日夜伏草啼号；追赃未止，他被下狱，旋卒[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>]。仕途断绝，家宅不保，人被押解而去，境为追赃所夺，而核舟之为一处泊位，其可贵处恰在于它所提供的不是庇护，它不能救任何人，所提供的是一种在一切都被夺走之后仍然可以保持的姿态。核舟今已不存，却因魏学洢一文而存[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>]；王毅其人正史无考，方志方技诸门亦不见著录，今日所知的名、字、号、里贯几乎全部可以从《核舟记》一文推得[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>]，刻舟者之传世所倚仗的是一篇别人写的文章。《核舟记》存其物、存其人之名、存其年月。吴镇所系者为自己的状态，魏学洢所系者则为本家之难中唯一未被夺去的一件物与一个名。</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec4">
      <title>4. 易代间的题壁诗与嘉禾的接引</title>
      <p>会稽女子题诗于新嘉驿，事在万历四十七年，早于核舟之刻三年。驿在滋阳县北四十里，为山东运河沿线的官驿，《滋阳县志》记其“高台、鼓楼、大门、二门、东西角门、大厅五间、东西厢房各三间，后凿小池，架桥构亭，花竹蔚然，行馆最为华整”，有马六十匹、马夫二十四名[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>]。其诗前有小序，自述“生长会稽，幼攻书史；年方及笄，适于燕客”，所嫁为一武人，正妻悍妒，“鞭箠乱下，辱等奴婢”；她于夜中“候同类睡熟，窃至后庭，以泪和墨，题三诗于壁上”，并明言所以题壁之故：“但恐委身草莽，湮没无闻……庶知音读之，悲予生之不辰，则予死且不朽。”三诗云：“银红衫子半蒙尘，一盏孤灯伴此身。恰似梨花经雨后，可怜零落四时春。”“终日如同虎豹游，含情默坐恨悠悠。老天生妾非无意，留与后人作话头。”“万种忧愁诉与谁，对人强笑背人悲。此时莫把寻常看，一句诗成千泪垂。”[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>]“老天生妾非无意，留与后人作话头”是对这一书写目的的直陈，所求者非申冤，非获救，而是被后人读到。</p>
      <p>和者所读者已不是她的本事。嘉兴黄氏婢长春姐《和会稽女子驿亭》二绝云：“弱质何堪马上尘，失身谁复更怜身。伤心不作还家梦，辜负江南一夜春。”“情绪纷纷诉向谁，昔时脂粉尽成悲。青灯此夕怜孤影，何事天涯不泪垂。”[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>]原作所写为一个妾媵在夫家的处境，既无马上之尘，亦无还家之望可言；而和诗所用者是掳掠北迁的整套语汇，马上之尘、失身、不得还家、江南。一首万历末年的私怨之作，在唱和中被改读为江南女子北去不还的公共文本；这一改读是文本经由重述脱离其原初语境的常态，其可援用的范围因此扩大[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>]。</p>
      <p>德塞托区分战略与战术，战略以一个可以圈划的固有场所为前提，权力据此场所而生产、管理并预先安排它与外部的关系，其所得可以积累，因为它有一处贮藏之地；战术则没有自己的场所，它只能在他者的场所中运作，依靠时机而非位置，必须利用对方所设定的地形上的裂隙，其所得无法积累，因为它没有任何地方可以贮存所获[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>]。驿舍是国家的场所，其存在的理由在于维持驿传本身的效率，题壁者于其墙上落笔，正是在他者的场所中利用一个短暂的时机。她所写的东西无法随身携带，任何可携之物在那个家中都不属于她，而墙壁是唯一一种不需要携带、也无从被没收的载体；题于壁上，等于把文字留给一个自己再也不会回到的地方，壁尚在原处而人已被载走。</p>
      <p>易代之后，长春姐所用的语汇得到了它的字面对应。弘光西宫才人叶子眉北迁，题壁于朝歌，云“马足飞尘到鬓边，伤心羞整旧花钿。回头难忆宫中事，衰柳空垂起暮烟”[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>]；秦淮女子宋蕙湘年十四被掳北上，题四诗于汲县壁，起句“盈盈十五破瓜初，已作明妃别故庐”。“弱质何堪马上尘”在写下二十余年之后成了实录。会稽女子那面墙由此不复是一个人的墙，它是此后一切北去女子共用的文本，而使它成为共用之物的，是唱和。</p>
      <p>这面墙没有保住那首诗。顺治十六年前后，施闰章过新嘉驿，壁上之字已无存。《蠖斋诗话》卷下《新嘉驿女子诗》记其事：“驿后土壁，故会稽女子题诗处。诗传于世，而驿壁字无存者。余至询之，有老驿卒秦登科，年七十矣，能诵其诗。”又云“事在万历四十七年。又四十年，予为刻之于石，且次其诗”[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>]。四十年间，墙上的字已经消失，诗却因一个老驿卒的记诵与文人的传抄而在。施闰章所刻之石，二十世纪五十年代尚在新驿村，其后为铁匠铺取去置物，今不知所在[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>]。</p>
      <p>诗之得存，靠的是一个由唱和、笔记、方志与郡邑总集所构成的网络。袁中道、钱谦益皆有和作，并录其原诗与原序；此诗一传，文人争相和之；康熙《滋阳县志》录和诗五家，中有施闰章次韵三首，而误署其名为“明野叟施云章”：“美人零落泣风尘，不惜明珠掌上身。泪入邮亭三尺土，莫教芳草更生春。”“环佩魂归何处游，若耶溪畔路悠悠。生前不作鸳鸯梦，定化孤鸿叫陇头。”“借问萧郎是阿谁，笑啼不解坐生悲。可怜一夕销魂尽，博得千年客泪垂。”每一次唱和都是对同一段文字的一次转录，而转录的次数决定了它能走多远。</p>
      <p>诺拉论记忆之场，谓当记忆不再由共同体的日常实践自然承载时，它便需要被人为地固定于特定的场所、仪式与文本之中，记忆之场因记忆环境的消失而产生，其本质是“我们已经不再拥有记忆环境”这一事实的补偿[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>]。驿站在干线之上，其停顿受制于驿传之制，任何人都不能在此久留以照看自己所写；记忆之场遂须由墙壁移至纸面，而承担这一转移的是江南的郡邑总集。《槜李诗系》四十二卷，平湖沈季友编，辑嘉兴一郡之诗自汉晋以迄清初，凡缙绅、韦布、闺秀、方外、土著、流寓有吟咏传世者皆录之，姓氏之下又各为小传[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>]；长春姐二绝即收于卷三十四，其小传记她为嘉兴黄氏婢，著有《惜春记事》，第二章的吴镇亦由此书立传存诗。一个婢女为一个素不相识的北去女子所写的和诗，因入于郡集而与那首原作一同传世，其载体的寿命由数十年延为数百年。长春姐是嘉兴黄氏婢，题壁的会稽女子远在山东，收其和作的沈季友是平湖人——三者无一在嘉善。承担这套接引与收存的，本就不是一县，而是嘉兴一郡：使一个婢女为素不相识的北去女子所作的和诗得以与吴镇同书传世的，是《槜李诗系》这部一郡总集，不是某个县的名人名录。然而郡域的收存之所以可能，前提是郡中先有人以文字系住那本会流走的东西；三度当乱世而不迁、于流所不及之处立一不能移动之物者，正是魏塘一地。嘉善之于嘉兴，是这套承记之法最早成形、且反复施用的那个地点。郡以其总集收天下之诗于既散之后，县以其不迁者立此法于未散之先；无前者则嘉善之书不传于郡外，无后者则郡集所收不过又一批遗篇。嘉善是这套郡域承记功能落得最实、最密的节点。</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec5">
      <title>5. 嘉善为锚</title>
      <p>三次所夺者不同，宋元易代之后所夺者为仕路，阉祸所夺者为言路与门户，题壁与和题壁者所夺者为人身与姓名；受夺者的身份亦不同，一为不得仕之士，一为死于诏狱者之家，一为姓名不可考之妾媵与婢。三者所共者不在心境而在方法，皆以文字系于一个不能移动之物，使不能移动者得以移动，使将要消失者得以留存。德里达论书写的可重复性，指出一个记号之所以能够起作用，其条件在于它可以在书写者与接收者双双缺席的情况下继续被读，书写的结构本身就包含着与一切经验性语境的断裂，它必须能够在原初语境完全消失之后仍然可以被重新引用；可重复性因此是它成其为书写的前提，而书写所留下的东西，德里达名之为“余存”，是一种不依赖在场的持存方式[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>]。三次书写的处境恰是这一结构的极端形式，吴镇身后画卷易主，王毅其人正史无考，题壁者不知所终，这些文字得以传世，靠的正是它们不需要书写者在场也能被读。</p>
      <p>庄子论水，取径与漕运相反。《德充符》谓“人莫鉴于流水而鉴于止水，唯止能止众止”，《天道》谓“水静则明烛须眉，平中准，大匠取法焉”[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>]，可鉴、可法、可为准者皆止水；漕运把水的价值定于通，故嘉善之水在这一传统中不是运河的缺失而是另一种水德。天启六年缇骑至无锡，高攀龙不上那条船，他整冠束带往谒杨时祠，归而与弟及门生赏花于池畔，闻周顺昌已被逮而神色不改，亲书遗札交与两孙，嘱翌日递与校官，遣散诸孙后自沉于后园之池，遗书谓大臣不可辱，辱大臣即辱国，今惟北向叩首以效屈原之遗意[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>]。这一处置把身体的固定与文字的行走分作两事。</p>
      <p>新流动范式所举的系泊多为港埠、码头、基站，凡此皆为流动系统的构件，其功能在于使位移得以继续；而锚与系泊之别在于用力的方向，系泊所固定者是使流动得以继续的装置，锚则是在流势之中为使某物不被带走而下的。嘉善之于大运河所起的作用是后者，且可分三层言之。就运河而言，本务是运走，其所运之物一经卸载即归于仓廪与账册，而账册随朝代而废；由运河带走的粮、囚与迁客，今日皆无迹可寻，唯有嘉善所留下的三段文字使运河上曾经发生的事仍可指认，就此而言嘉善是运河的锚。就时代而言，易代之际一切都在移动，政权、户口、财富与人身皆在迁徙之中，而任何叙述都需要一个不移动的参照，嘉善三度当乱而不迁，遂成为可以据以量度那些移动的定点。</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec6">
      <title>6. 结语</title>
      <p>支流与干线的关系，嘉善在词史上也有体现。柳洲词派出于嘉善，通说以为云间词派之支脉，沈松勤已论其非。王屋年长于陈子龙，作词与词名皆早于云间诸子，自万历至崇祯四年作词已逾千调；云间因势而利导，远绍南唐北宋婉约之“正”，柳洲反其道而行之，直继始于苏轼、盛于南宋之“变”，重开变调的诗化之风，二者为主张不一、风格有异的两个词派。柳洲更为康熙前期阳羡词派的变调理论奠基，曹尔堪入清后主持江村、广陵、秋水轩诸唱和，把柳洲的变调带入清初词坛之中心[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>]。附带可记者，崇祯八年至九年柳洲四家词笺合刻，为之作序者中有魏学濂，魏学濂为魏大中次子、魏学洢之弟，核舟之家与词派之间存在一条人事上的实线。词学界为柳洲所做的辨正与此处为嘉善所做的辨正是同一件事，支流自有源头，并且反过来供给干流。</p>
      <p>嘉善一地先后出现三条船，一条在水上而不去任何地方，一条在核里而永不能行，一条在北去的驿路上载着不属于任何一岸的人。而那枚早已散佚的桃核借《核舟记》尚存，一面早已倾圮的土壁借郡集尚存其诗，吴镇的渔父舟今藏于博物馆。运河最终运走的，是它拒绝承运的那一部分；在大运河的分工中，沿线诸县承漕而嘉善承记，隐逸之嘉善实为运河、时代与个体之锚。</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec7">
      <title>基金项目</title>
      <p>本文为2026年嘉善县社科研究入围课题：“情动地理视域下的运河文化——嘉善明末清初遗民文学与女性书写的情感生态研究”的阶段性研究成果。</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec8">
      <title>Appendix (Abstract and Keywords in Chinese)</title>
      <p><bold>以字断流：乱世中</bold><bold>嘉善作为运河之锚的人境系留</bold></p>
      <p><bold>摘要</bold>：既有的大运河研究以“通”为唯一价值尺度，沿线地方按距干线里程被划为核心、紧密、辐射三层，非干线区域被处理为相关性与资源集聚度的逐级递减。本文指出运河在明清两代是时势之流的物质形态，漕船北上，押解之舟北上，鼎革之后被掳者的船队亦北上，所载者由粮而人而身命，而水路始终如一。自元至清初，嘉善魏塘一地三度当乱势而不迁：元吴镇仕路既绝而作《渔父图》卷，于十四舟侧各系一词；天启阉祸中魏氏一门覆灭，而王毅所刻核舟与魏学洢《核舟记》所存独全；万历末会稽女子题诗于新嘉驿土壁，壁字四十年而无存，赖唱和、笔记与郡邑总集而传，其诗在易代的唱和中由一人之私怨被改读为江南女子北去不还的公共文本。三者所断者为乱世之流，其所停者为人与境；施用之对象由己而及家、由家而及过客，历三朝而未变。本文借巴赫金的时空体、布卢门贝格的沉船隐喻学、德塞托的战术概念与德里达的可重复性理论，与庄子止水之说相互参订，论证在大运河的分工体系中，沿线诸县承漕而嘉善承记，隐逸之嘉善实为运河、时代与个体之锚。</p>
      <p><bold>关键词</bold>：大运河，嘉善，乱世，系留，可重复性，核舟，题壁诗，情动地理</p>
    </sec>
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