There are several studies that show that neem is a plant that has various applications in agronomy and veterinary medicine and human health [5] , therapeutic properties are attributed to it in diseases such as arthritis, typhoid fever, respiratory problems, cancer, syphilis [6] antimicrobial, antiparasitic [5] , and other chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes [7] due to the more than 140 active ingredients distributed throughout all parts of the plant [8] among which are the neem metabolites (nimbidiol, gedunin, and azadiradione) have a hypoglycemic effect [9] [10] .

The hypoglycemic effect of neem has been compared with the effects caused by spirulina on blood glucose levels and its relationship with body weight in diabetic mice induced with alloxan for periods of 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. In this study, the results show that the administration of neem extract at a dose of 20 mg significantly reduced blood glucose levels in mice both alone and in combination with spirulina at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Although the mechanism of action of the extracts is not known, it is suggested that it may be due to the stimulation of insulin production or the ability to regenerate cells [6] [11] .

Another study conducted in 2011, analyzed the hypoglycemic effect of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in sinergia with Phyllanthus niruri on blood glucose levels in male Wistar rats in which both extracts and a combination of the two were used separately, in this study glucose was measured before and after treatment and the results show that both the neem extract and the Phyllanthus niruri and in synergy they showed a hypoglycemic effect, but with a better hypoglycemic effect the animals treated with the neem leaf extract [12] [13] .

In Mexico there are different varieties of pitaya according to the region where they are grown, the fruit used in this study comes from a cactus called (Stenocereus spp.) or pitaya de mayo which due to its morphological characteristics is endemic to the entire country, with the state of Jalisco being the largest producer, using the fruit as food, the stems as fodder, and the flower asornaments and as a medicine for the control of various diseases due to its high content of betalains, phenolic compounds, vitamins, minerals and fiber [14] [15] .

The pitahaya and the pitaya are fruits that have the same component called betanin or betalain that gives them that characteristic color and chemically they are water-soluble nitrogen compounds that are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine and are divided into betacyanins and betaxanthins when combining betalamic acid or with other amino compounds and present different contractions of these compounds in the pulp, peel and flower [16] [17] .

The pitaya comes from the genus (Stenocereus spp.) while the pitahaya or dragon fruit is of the genus (Hylocereus monacanthus) in a study, betalains were encapsulated and administered at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, for 28 days to diabetic rats using the streptozotocin induction model, and the results were excellent since it reduced blood hyperglycemia but also had a protective effect on the liver, kidney and pancreas since they showed less tissue damage [18] [19] .

An ELISA assay was used to quantify serum insulin concentrations in the different groups. The kit used was from the Abcam laboratory (ab100578-Insulin Human ELISA kit) and was processed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples were analyzed in duplicate, and the average concentration was calculated. The sensitivity limit was set at <4 μIU/mL. Color was detected immediately after adding the “STOP” solution, and absorbances were read using a microplate reader (POWEAM model WhyM201) at 450 nm.

Data analysis was performed using Sigmastat software version 3.1. Data are presented as means ± SD. Differences were examined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) because the effect of treatments was analyzed during the experiment, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Statistical significance was accepted with a p < 0.05. NREACT®.

The determination of some blood parameters are a reflection of the physiological balance of the animals, which may depend on the presence or absence of chronic degenerative diseases as can be seen in the results obtained in animals with diabetes mellitus, Figure 1 shows the glucose concentrations where it is observed that on day 0 the different groups present very similar values between them, while on days 15 and 30 of treatment an increase in glucose levels is shown in the Neem, Pitaya and Streptozotocin groups compared to the control group (p < 0.001).

Figure 2 shows the insulin concentration and in the same way the levels are similar to day 0 in all groups, while for days 15 and 30 of treatment an increase is observed in the Neem and Pitaya groups compared to the control group, in addition the streptozotocin group showed very high insulin levels (p < 0.001).

Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the urea levels and blood urea nitrogen levels correspondingly. In both figures at day 0 the Pitaya and Streptozotocin groups present low urea levels compared to the Control and Neem groups, while on days 15 and 30 the Neem group maintains high urea levels compared to the other groups (p < 0.001).

Figure 5 shows that the Streptozotocin group has high levels on day 30 of treatment compared to the other groups (p < 0.001).

Figures 6-8 show cholesterol, total protein, and creatinine concentrations, respectively, and show no differences in blood levels at different stages of treatment.

The parameters of some components of the blood determine the health status and the function of some organs and systems in animals [22] , it is known that there are chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes that gradually deteriorate the health status of the body in general and taking into account that despite having intentionally caused diabetes mellitus to experimental animals the results show that while some parameters suffered alterations in their concentrations during the experiment such as glucose, insulin, urea, urea nitrogen and creatinine, others despite presenting changes in their blood concentrations of total proteins, cholesterol and triglycerides did not show symptoms of any disease but on the contrary the extracts of neem and pitaya helped in the control of them as had already been reported in other studies [5] .

The extracts of pitaya and neem flowers definitely showed effects on glucose and insulin concentrations, these parameters go hand in hand because blood glucose levels depend on the effects of insulin, on day 0 they show no changes in glucose and insulin concentrations in the four groups due to the effect of streptozotocin that destroys the insulin receptor glut-2, which causes low concentrations of proinsulin, insulin precursor [23] , while insulin also increased on days 15 and 30 respectively to try to decrease blood glucose concentrations [24] .

In the concentration of total proteins in blood, there are no alterations in liver function due to the effect of diabetes in experimental animals with reference to the control group and it is reported that both extracts have a liver detoxifying function [4] , although it is important to mention that the values obtained are below those reported by [24] [25] .

Urea, creatinine and urea nitrogen are parameters that determine kidney function, the values found in this study are within normal values urea 0.4 - 100.39, creatinine 0.25 - 0.79 and urea nitrogen 0.2 - 44.99 for both the control group and those treated for day 0 of the experiment showing statistical differences between days 15 and 30 in the treated groups with a marked decrease in their concentrations without affecting kidney function despite the diabetes induction process to which they were subjected [25] [26] .

The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood remained within normal values compared to those reported in previous studies in 2010, where they mention that the components of neem and pitaya help the metabolism by breaking down fat and decongesting the liver [4] [5] [13] .

The results showed that the metabolites present in the pitaya flower (betanin or betalain) and neem (nimbidiol, gedunin and azadiradione) have hypoglycemic effects since they helped regulate blood glucose and insulin levels in the treated groups.

The effect seen in Figure 2 , where insulin is elevated by day 30 in the streptozotocin group, is mainly due to insulin resistance as a reaction to the drug, which ends up damaging the pancreas due to its hyperactivity and due to the lack of the protective effects of the neem and pitaya flower extracts.

Also, as the results demonstrate, the extracts of pitaya flower and neem help to decongest and detoxify the liver, since cholesterol and triglyceride levels remained at adequate levels in the treated experimental groups when compared with the control group.

On the other hand, the kidney function of the treated groups was never affected because, according to the data obtained, the concentrations of urea creatinine and urea nitrogen remained within the appropriate parameters for their proper functioning.

The results demonstrate that the doses of both pitaya flower and neem do not represent a risk of toxicity for animals exposed to these metabolites.

Animals in the untreated diabetic streptozotocin group developed hyperphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss.