Compared to the 21st century, the education sector of fifty years ago is no longer sufficient to achieve success in college, career, and citizenship. It is difficult to prepare students for work, citizenship, and life in the 21st century. Globalization, innovation, migration, international competition, changing markets, and transnational environmental and political challenges place a new emphasis on developing the skills and knowledge that learners will need to succeed in the 21st century. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted traditional learning approaches in academic institutions around the world. Moreover, the educational view has recently changed due to technological advances. Higher education institutions make the best use of available resources and maintain current learning as human knowledge grows and technology advances. ICT offers many benefits in an era determined to create new paths to quality education. Information and communication technology (ICT) simplifies many mundane tasks and allows communication from almost anywhere on the planet. The use of ICT in education has been linked to improving people’s lives by improving teaching and learning. In addition, the use of ICT in learning and teaching has a significant positive impact on students’ learning abilities. It has been shown that when students use computers to complete assigned tasks, they reflect a very positive attitude toward work and learning, which encourages and motivates them to absorb knowledge. Students in educational institutions who have used technology for learning have higher self-esteem and self-confidence. As a result, an increasing number of educational institutions are integrating ICT into their educational systems. With the advancement of technology, higher education institutions can now track resources, develop smarter lesson plans, design safer campuses, and improve access to information. Education looks very different today, thanks to the use of mobile phones and tablets in the classroom. In short, recent advances in technology enable learners to learn more effectively, efficiently, flexibly, and conveniently. Learners use smart devices to connect to digital resources via a wireless network and engage in seamless, personalized learning. Smart learning is a popular concept that describes learning in the digital age.

E-learning has emerged as a new model in education that uses technology to strengthen and transform the traditional education system. E-learning is a system that combines the use of technology, pedagogy, and content to provide students with a personal learning experience. With the advent of digital technologies, E-learning is becoming increasingly popular, and many schools and universities are adopting this approach to teaching and learning. However, there is a need to assess the impact of e-learning on learning outcomes to determine its effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to explore the impact of e-learning on learning outcomes.

The importance of this research is highlighted by its presentation of the role of e-learning in this digital age. It positively impacts students’ engagement, motivation, and achievement. However, the effectiveness of e-learning varies depending on the context and technology used. E-learning is vital in the digital age because it has the potential to transform the traditional education system and provide students with a personalized learning experience.

The term e-learning refers to the use of digital technology to enhance and transform the traditional education system. This research explores the influence of e-learning on student learning outcomes, highlighting the mediating role of teacher resilience in educational settings.

In this Research, the narrative synthesis approach was followed. Data were analysed by using the documentary approach and content analysis through a systematic review. The qualitative data analysis program (NVivo) was also used for interpretation and analysis.

Despite the great enthusiasm for e-learning, teachers around the world are still aware of some of the key issues afflicting the new education approach. Here’s a closer look at some of these problems ( Tamm, 2023 ):

• Case study for the questionnaire used between normal study and E-learning for Math module. Accordingly, ten questions were asked of the students. Accordingly, ten questions were asked to the students as shown in the below Table 1 .

We must delve deeper into the economic field in the issue of converting education to e-learning so we can say that school and university owners are the biggest beneficiaries of the shift to e-learning by providing electricity, workers, cleaning materials, gasoline, and diesel for buses and cars, air conditioning, and reducing the salaries of doctors, teachers, and workers, etc.

But e-learning threatens the field of investors in universities and schools, such as supermarkets, cafeterias, restaurants, and cafes.

Before starting to activate e-learning, the cafeteria’s sales and profits were as per Table 2 below.

After starting the activation of e-learning, the cafeteria’s sales and profits were as per Table 3 below.

By comparing the two tables, we can see the financial damage caused by the use of e-learning to the investor, but the bigger problem is that employees receive their salaries on a daily basis, and unfortunately, instead of receiving a salary for 5 working days, they now receive a salary for 4 working days, which has led to the employee being unable to cover his daily, personal and family needs.

In addition, in some countries, such as Jordan, for example, the transportation sector does not depend on government trains and buses, but rather, there is a strong private sector for buses and service vehicles that are negatively affected by the universities’ reliance on e-learning.

The current trends in e-learning delivery have been presented, and it is clear that we must provide facilities that will help us take full advantage of the useful materials available freely on the Internet. The study has confirmed that cloud computing technologies can be leveraged to build the next generation of e-learning systems to deliver smart formal and informal learning. This set of technologies has clear potential to distribute applications across a wider range of devices, make educational services instant, smart, multi-sensory, seamless, and social, and significantly reduce the overall cost of computing.

This research has shown why it is important for academics to acquire the knowledge and skills that will enable them to transform their institutions into smart institutions. Based on the findings of numerous researches around the world, it is clear that most academics are not prepared to do so. The nature of work in both teaching, learning and administration has changed, and while old practices can be done more efficiently, technologies have allowed new practices to evolve.

But we must be careful about the harms of e-learning on the economy of the working class in society by creating new job and investment opportunities and reducing the unemployment rate in the country or the inability of employees to meet their needs in life.