<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" article-type="research article">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">
    am
   </journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title>
     Applied Mathematics
    </journal-title>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn pub-type="epub">
    2152-7385
   </issn>
   <issn publication-format="print">
    2152-7393
   </issn>
   <publisher>
    <publisher-name>
     Scientific Research Publishing
    </publisher-name>
   </publisher>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">
    10.4236/am.2024.1512046
   </article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">
    am-137951
   </article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
     <subject>
      Articles
     </subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2">
     <subject>
      Physics 
     </subject>
     <subject>
       Mathematics
     </subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    Sea-Control Algorithm in Lake Wave Case
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
     <name name-style="western">
      <surname>
       Yoshiki
      </surname>
      <given-names>
       Uemura
      </given-names>
     </name> 
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"> 
      <sup>1</sup>
     </xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
     <name name-style="western">
      <surname>
       Kenji
      </surname>
      <given-names>
       Kita
      </given-names>
     </name> 
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"> 
      <sup>2</sup>
     </xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
     <name name-style="western">
      <surname>
       Kazuyuki
      </surname>
      <given-names>
       Matsumoto
      </given-names>
     </name> 
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"> 
      <sup>3</sup>
     </xref>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group> 
   <aff id="aff1">
    <addr-line>
     aAnalog Image Technology Development Laboratory, Nara, Japan
    </addr-line> 
   </aff> 
   <aff id="aff2">
    <addr-line>
     aMILAI Technologies, Inc., Tokushima, Japan
    </addr-line> 
   </aff> 
   <aff id="aff3">
    <addr-line>
     aFaculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
    </addr-line> 
   </aff> 
   <pub-date pub-type="epub">
    <day>
     05
    </day> 
    <month>
     12
    </month>
    <year>
     2024
    </year>
   </pub-date> 
   <volume>
    15
   </volume> 
   <issue>
    12
   </issue>
   <fpage>
    829
   </fpage>
   <lpage>
    833
   </lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received">
     <day>
      9,
     </day>
     <month>
      September
     </month>
     <year>
      2024
     </year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="published">
     <day>
      2,
     </day>
     <month>
      September
     </month>
     <year>
      2024
     </year> 
    </date> 
    <date date-type="accepted">
     <day>
      2,
     </day>
     <month>
      December
     </month>
     <year>
      2024
     </year> 
    </date>
   </history>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement>
     © Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 
    </copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>
     2014
    </copyright-year>
    <license>
     <license-p>
      This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
     </license-p>
    </license>
   </permissions>
   <abstract>
    In previous studies, an isosceles triangular-type possibility distribution was employed to represent the analog waves of a Gaussian Process. The model was then projected onto actual waves using Zadeh’s extension principle of mapping (Hori et al., 2019). Furthermore, by applying Vague Set and Systems theory, it was shown that the actual waves followed a Gaussian process, and that the system could be efficiently controlled via Monte Carlo simulation. However, due to the use of fuzzy OR logic in the extension principle of mapping and wave synthesis, the resulting ambiguity increased significantly. To address this issue, a Possibility Markov Chain was proposed, incorporating possibility theory to mitigate the explosion of ambiguity. In this study, we propose a novel modeling approach that utilizes a possibility transition matrix without relying on fuzzy OR logic. Additionally, we introduce the Sea-Control Algorithm, which artificially introduces system error into the system function, thereby enabling modification of the possibility transition matrix through the deliberate manipulation of possibility information within the fuzzy system.
   </abstract>
   <kwd-group> 
    <kwd>
     Lake Wave Modeling
    </kwd> 
    <kwd>
      Lake Wave Control
    </kwd> 
    <kwd>
      Possibility Markov Chain
    </kwd> 
    <kwd>
      Analog Gaussian Process
    </kwd> 
    <kwd>
      Vague Event
    </kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <sec id="s1">
   <title>1. Introduction</title>
   <p>
    <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.137951-"></xref>Visible waves are Type 2 Vague Events on Another World, mapped and transformed twice by an artificially set system function from Fuzzy Events (waves) determined by a priori possibility distribution on This World. In this paper, we focus on a state of calm regulated by the differential system of a uniform distribution, namely, an isosceles triangular possibility distribution. In initial modeling <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.137951-1">
     [1]
    </xref>, the use of Zadeh’s extension principle for mapping and Fuzzy OR logic in a fuzzy composite-type algorithm led to a rapid increase in ambiguity. As a countermeasure, representative values of fuzzy numbers and α-level cut techniques were employed. However, these methods significantly reduced the information quantity of possibilities within the fuzzy system. In response, a new algorithm that does not use Fuzzy OR logic was proposed <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.137951-2">
     [2]
    </xref>. The issue with this algorithm lies in the additional requirement of ergodicity in the possibility Markov chain. To circumvent this ergodic condition, attempts have been made to introduce a priori impartial states and posterior indistinguishable states as possibility buffers <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.137951-3">
     [3]
    </xref>. This paper proposes the Sea-Control Algorithm by artificially introducing system errors into the Type 1 Bays-Vague system function, constructing a Type 2 Bays-Vague interval-type system function, and varying the possibility transition by artificially manipulating the informational content of possibilities within the fuzzy system. It is worth noting that even when using the initial fuzzy composite algorithm, modeling of rough or gentle waves can be achieved by adjusting the width of the isosceles triangular-shaped system function. This note can be applied to the only lake wave case. As we had already proposed the possibility principal (oblique) factor rotation, we consider that the lake wave case is applied to possibility principal factor rotation.</p>
  </sec><sec id="s2">
   <title>2. Lake Wave Modeling</title>
   <p>The Type 1 Bayes-Vague System is illustrated in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">
     Figure 1
    </xref>. When the triangular distribution representing a system’s possibilities is vertically bisected at its vertex, identical right-angled triangular distributions emerge. Notably, since the centroids (Bayes) of these two areas are identical, reassembly after decomposition is permissible. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that when Gaussian waveforms are mapped using a linear system function, the resultant waves also conform to Gaussian distributions <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.137951-4">
     [4]
    </xref>. Additionally, two actual waveforms can be modeled as Gaussian processes, and when employing fuzzy OR logic, the synthesized waveform similarly constitutes a Gaussian process. However, if Zadeh’s extension principle for mappings and fuzzy OR logic are employed, an explosion of ambiguity occurs. Previously, the system function’s width was artificially adjusted to address this issue, although this does not serve as a fundamental solution. In this study, instead of relying on fuzzy OR logic, we focus on the possibility state transitions of waves rather than their fuzzy synthesis. By leveraging Possibility Theory <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.137951-5">
     [5]
    </xref>, we can derive both the possibility transition matrix from wave M to wave N (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">
     Figure 2
    </xref>) and the possibility state transition diagram (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">
     Figure 3
    </xref>). Here, the equality and order relations of fuzzy numbers are described by the following equations <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.137951-5">
     [5]
    </xref>. Moreover, 
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> 
      <msub> 
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     [5]
    </xref>), our method was able to avoid the biggest variance factor. It is logic.</p>
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   <fig id="fig1" position="float">
    <label>Figure 1</label>
    <caption>
     <title>Figure 1. Type 1 bays-vague system.</title>
    </caption>
    <graphic mimetype="image" position="float" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://html.scirp.org/file/7405330-rId24.jpeg?20241205113030" />
   </fig>
   <fig id="fig2" position="float">
    <label>Figure 2</label>
    <caption>
     <title>Figure 2. The probabilistic transition matrix from vague event M to vague event N.</title>
    </caption>
    <graphic mimetype="image" position="float" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://html.scirp.org/file/7405330-rId25.jpeg?20241205113030" />
   </fig>
   <fig id="fig3" position="float">
    <label>Figure 3</label>
    <caption>
     <title>Figure 3. Probabilistic state transition diagram.</title>
    </caption>
    <graphic mimetype="image" position="float" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://html.scirp.org/file/7405330-rId26.jpeg?20241205113030" />
   </fig>
  </sec><sec id="s3">
   <title>3. Lake Wave Control</title>
   <p>The Type 2 Bays-Vague System is strictly defined by a two-dimensional isosceles triangular system function that spans the upper and lower bounds. However, to simplify the problem, this paper focuses on an interval-type linear system function with these bounds, as depicted in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">
     Figure 4
    </xref>. Within this interval, the system function fluctuates, which introduces system errors into the Type 2 Bayes-Vague System. To control these fluctuations, a possibility transition matrix is derived using the weighted average sum of the weighted possibility information quantities [I<sub>1</sub>, I<sub>2</sub>] over the upper interval [M<sub>1,</sub> M<sub>2</sub>] and lower interval [N<sub>1</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>] of the two mapped and transformed waves M and N. Therefore, by artificially manipulating the possibility information quantity, the system can be adjusted (as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5">
     Figure 5
    </xref>). Here, the possibility information quantity is given by the following equation. Actual lake wave has two dimensional variable factors. We try to extend type 1 vague forward to type 2 vague in the sense of two errors (system and observation). Of cause, as type 2 vague system is the diplex one, we proposed the simplex system by α-cut technic. However, the system functions (i.e. membership functions) are defined by the decision makers. By our moving the system functions, we can sea-control in lake wave.</p>
   <p>
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    </math> (6)</p>
   <p>
    <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="scirp.137951-"></xref> 
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    </math> (7)</p>
   <p>Here, I<sub>1</sub> and I<sub>2</sub> denote the averages of Equations (6) and (7), respectively.</p>
   <fig id="fig4" position="float">
    <label>Figure 4</label>
    <caption>
     <title>Figure 4. Type 2 bays-vague system.</title>
    </caption>
    <graphic mimetype="image" position="float" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://html.scirp.org/file/7405330-rId31.jpeg?20241205113031" />
   </fig>
   <fig id="fig5" position="float">
    <label>Figure 5</label>
    <caption>
     <title>Figure 5. Weighted average sum of weighted possibility information quantity.</title>
    </caption>
    <graphic mimetype="image" position="float" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://html.scirp.org/file/7405330-rId32.jpeg?20241205113031" />
   </fig>
  </sec><sec id="s4">
   <title>4. Conclusion</title>
   <p>In this paper, we proposed an exceedingly simple algorithm with a focus on Lake Wave Control. One of the challenges that need to be addressed in future research is determining whether waves existed prior to analysis or were rendered indiscernible afterward when the ergodic condition is dismissed. Since calm states are present in all marine environments excluding straits (Rever Wave Case), this study is expected to make a significant contribution to the field of Sea-Control. However, further research is necessary to advance our understanding of this domain.</p>
  </sec>
 </body><back>
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</article>